Speech therapy gymnastics for the development of speech. Articulation gymnastics for children: speech therapy exercises

Heading: Speech therapy exercises

The organs that are involved in the pronunciation of sounds are responsible for the quality of our speech. If there is a deviation in their development or work, speech defects are evident. They will help fix the situation special exercises... Gymnastics in the work of a speech therapist is more important.

We learn the pronunciation of sounds in infancy, when we try to repeat their facial expressions and gestures after our parents. Speech is a complex combination of movements of the articulatory organs. As we master these combinations, we master the sounds.

It happens that on our way there are problems that interfere with the timely and correct formation of speech: decreased muscle tone of the tongue, malocclusion, short sublingual ligament, tense or poorly closed lips, soft palate, enlarged adenoids.

Sometimes the reasons for mispronunciation and delay in speech development associated with the inattention of parents who did not help the child to master sounds in time. If your child has problems with the pronunciation of sounds, you urgently need to contact a specialist and start practicing speech therapy to develop the child's speech.

Not worth the wait school age, start teaching the kid while he is still small, plays with his tongue and shows funny faces. You can use a variety of materials and equipment for training. For example, exercises for the tongue or for fingers in pictures.

Types of speech therapy gymnastics:

- improves mobility and blood supply to the articulatory organs. Exercise is useful for strengthening the muscles of the face, tongue, lips. This type of gymnastics develops the correct position and movement of the articulatory organs and forms correct pronunciation.
Respiratory - is necessary to regulate the strength, direction and duration of the air stream.
Voice - aimed at working with voice (timbre, pitch, strength).
- develops fine motor skills hands. It's no secret that the speech center and the center responsible for motor skills are located nearby in the brain. Therefore, by developing fingers, we stimulate the development of speech.
Visual - is necessary in order to prevent visual impairment, because modern children give their eyes a rest only when they are sleeping.

Experts advise using all these types of gymnastics during classes, combined with speech therapy massage, in order to achieve results faster. For children, an individual course of study is selected depending on the nature of speech pathology.

All parents want their children to not only perfectly master the skills of coherent speech, but also pronounce sounds clearly and beautifully, make correct logical pauses, and follow intonation.

However, competent and beautiful speech will not appear in a baby who starts to speak by itself. That is why speech therapy exercises are necessary for young children, they should be carried out starting from one and a half to two years.

What includes speech therapy gymnastics? These are exercises aimed at training the mobility of the organs of articulation, the correct operation of the linguistic apparatus (tongue, lips, larynx) in the process of pronunciation of speech sounds.

Articulation training exercises

These activities improve the mobility of the baby's tongue and lips, contribute to the correct pronunciation of sound combinations and words. Gymnastics for the tongue is mandatory, since the tongue is the most mobile of the sound-generating organs. The most mobile is the tip of the tongue, its upper and lateral parts. The quality of the sounds pronounced by the child depends on the level of free mobility of these parts.

Tongue gymnastics will be most enjoyable for children if the demonstrated tasks are given funny figurative names, and the exercises themselves are accompanied by detailed parental comments.

Exercises can be dynamic, when the tongue or lips perform some kind of movement, or static, when the organs are fixed in a certain position. Dynamic must be repeated 5-7 times.

"House"

The child sits with a closed mouth. Explain to him that his mouth is a small house with a closed door. "Knock Knock!" - someone knocked on the house. We knock on the baby's cheek with our finger. The doors (mouth) open wide. "Bye Bye!" - the visitor says goodbye, and the mouth closes.

"Vkusnyashka"

Ask your child to pretend that they are eating something delicious, such as their favorite candy. At the same time, he should slightly open his mouth and lick his tongue first, the upper, then the lower lip. Repeat these exercises several times.

"Window"

It is necessary for the baby to open his mouth wide and pronounce the letter "O" on the exhale. The mouth should remain open for 5 seconds.

"Shoulder"

"Blowing Bubbles"

We take a breath, close our mouth and puff out our cheeks. Then the kid should slightly tap himself with his fingers on the inflated cheeks and exhale, imitating the sound "pf-f-f".

"Surprised monkey"

Show the child his lips. Then invite him to one, two, three, stretch them wide in a smile, as little monkeys do. Then the monkey, seeing something, is surprised - then the baby should, rounding his lips, loudly say "Oh-oh-oh".

"Jumping gallop"

In this exercise, the tongue "bounces", as it were, protruding from the mouth. The tip of the tongue alternately stretches to the nose and to the chin. The exercise is repeated several times.

"Hide and seek"

Opening his mouth wide, the child puts the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth, thus “hiding” it. The next movement - the tongue "found". The tip of the tongue rises, covering the upper teeth.

"We brush our teeth"

All babies know that brushing their teeth requires toothbrush... Invite them to try brushing their teeth with their tongue. How to do it? The child should open his mouth to run the tip of the tongue first along the lower teeth and gums, then along the upper ones.

"The bully monkey"

These exercises contain elements of mimic gymnastics, they can complete the articulatory warm-up for children. All children love to make faces, show language and tease, so they are happy to complete these tasks.

The monkey smiles - Smiling broadly, children put their open palms to their ears and shake their heads from side to side.

Monkey teases - keeping the previous position of the palms, the child from time to time quickly sticks out and hides the tip of the tongue.

The monkey stole a tangerine - the little ones take air into their mouths and roll it from one cheek to the other, thus imitating a "stolen" mandarin duck.

Speech therapy snakes

This type of work on pronunciation allows you to work out well the formulation of the sounds "l", "s", "w", "z", "c". Cut out the outline of the snake from thick cardboard, draw eyes and a tongue for it.

Select pictures from the children's lotto (you can also use children's magazines or newspapers), which depict objects containing the desired letter.

For example, the pronunciation of the letter "C" is being practiced. Choose pictures of those objects that begin or end with the letter "C" or contain this letter in the middle of the word.

These words can be:

bag, glass, owl, plane, pineapple, pistol, soldier, dog, etc.

Place the cards with the depicted objects on the body of the snake. In general, you need to put about 15 cards on the snake. Then, saying, "the snake is crawling, wriggling, trying to pronounce the sound" C ", suggest to name the objects laid out on the snake, without stopping or making a long groove between words.

During this exercise, you must monitor the purity and quality of pronunciation of the desired sound. The child must pronounce the names of the necessary objects quickly, but at the same time clearly, do not allow the formation of "porridge" in the mouth.

Regular pronunciation of words that contain the desired letter (subject to a gradual increase in the speed of pronunciation) is excellent for the formulation of difficult sounds.

Practicing consonant pronunciation: soft and hard sounds

The correct pronunciation of hard and soft consonants by a preschooler is of great importance. The fact is that when a soft consonant sound is pronounced, the tongue rises more towards the palate, and the passage through which air passes narrows. A consonant sound is considered soft if it is followed by the vowels "e", "e", "u", "I", "and" or soft sign "B".

It is necessary to ensure that in the process of speech the child can distinguish between the pronunciation of soft and hard consonants; tongue twisters and verses can be used to train this skill.

Timka the cat rolled off the ball to a corner.

Jump-jump under the fence, straight into the shadow!

An ax into a tree stump is Zen!

Again five guys found five honey agarics at the hemp.

Ask your child to repeat the tongue twisters slowly at first, then a little faster. Analyze together which consonants are more common in them? How do they sound? Assemble a speech therapy snake using words for a specific consonant, which is in a soft position in the word.

For example, words that include the sound (C ‘):

herring, saddle, cornflower, arbor, sieve, chanterelle, brood hen, heart, piglet.

We develop speech hearing

Developed verbal hearing is the key to a child's good perception of texts spoken aloud. It is this skill that will allow him to make fewer mistakes in school dictations, will allow him to better assimilate the teacher's speech in the classroom.

"Merry family"

Tell the children about a fun family of little frogs living in the swamp.

Frog daddy was the biggest and greenest and croaked like this: kva-a-kva-a-kva-a. The mother frog was smaller and therefore croaked thinly and not so loudly, like this: kva-kva, kva-kva. And their little frog sonny was very playful and loved to sing songs like this: kva-kva, kva-kva-kva!

Then ask the kids to guess who is croaking? The adult depicts the croaking of members of the frog family - mom, frog and daddy frogs, and the children guess. If they are confused and cannot guess right away, ask them not to rush, and again carefully listen to how the frog family croaks. At the same time, the little players in the game should try to fix the differences.

At the end of the game, have the children croak on their own, carefully replicating the croaking patterns of the frog family members.

Developing auditory attention

House - Tom - Lump

For this exercise, you will need a picture on a winter theme, it should depict a house covered with snow, and a little boy who sculpts a snowman.

Show the child what is shown in the picture, explain, "This is the house, this is the boy Tom making the snowball." Ask him to show you where Tom is, and where is the house and who. Then, pointing your finger at the desired pictures, quickly name "house", "com", "Tom".

After a while, the child should independently name the necessary words, pointing to the pictures and not getting confused. Gradually increase the speed with which he pronounces the desired words, make sure that the words name objects correctly.

We do it with pleasure

Whatever speech development exercises you do with children, try to ensure that they receive only positive emotions from their implementation. Preschoolers are not able to fully understand the need speech therapy classes and the benefits they bring. Therefore, do not insist if you see that the child is tired or he is not in the mood. And be sure to celebrate small "victories" in mastering difficult sounds for him, stimulate his desire to succeed in this difficult task.

Teacher, specialist of the children's development center
Druzhinina Elena

Transfer on the topic: Do you need a speech therapist. Articulation gymnastics for kids:

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Does your child have trouble pronouncing different sounds? In this article, you'll find actionable tips and exercises to help your baby speak correctly.

You will need:

Reasons for incorrect pronunciation

One of the most common is the wrong approach of parents to communicate with the child... If dad and mom, grandmothers and grandfathers, repeat his childish words after the child, lisp with him, then communication remains at the child's level. He then does not see an example of correct speech. He does not know right words... Communicate clearly, correct mispronunciation, and do not use distorted words in your speech.
The next reason is violations in the structure of the child's speech apparatus:
a) a short ligament under the tongue, which makes it difficult to move;
b) too large or small size of the tongue, which prevents good diction;
c) violations in the structure of the jaw and defects in the structure of the teeth;
d) too thick or thin lips, which impede the articulation of lip sounds.
Also one of the reasons is disturbance in the baby's perception of sounds... Such violations lead to the fact that the child does not recognize individual sounds and therefore cannot reproduce them correctly.

We do a relaxing facial massage

To relax the muscles of the face to relieve tension, give a gentle facial massage. Do not forget that the child will be more interested when everything looks like an exciting game.

We practice articulatory gymnastics

Gymnastics must be done with the firstborn in front of a mirror so that he can see all his and your movements. With its help, a preschooler will be able to learn how to control the movements of the tongue, lips, jaw. Here are some examples of exercises:

We inflate our cheeks like a ball;
Imagine that the tongue is a paint brush. And the mouth is an apartment where it is necessary to make repairs, wide open the doors and windows (mouth and teeth). We paint with a brush all parts of the apartment (palate, teeth, cheeks, lips;
We stretch the tongue, trying to reach the nose and beard;
We stretch our mouth in a smile and hold it for a few seconds;
We do it with our lips, like a fish, soundlessly striking them into each other.

Learning to pronounce the letter "p"

The greatest problems arise with the pronunciation of R. Here are examples of exercises to improve the pronunciation of this sound.

We make lips into a smile. We put the tongue behind upper teeth and knock on the tubercles (alveoli), doing the drum exercise. After a few seconds of this exercise, ask the child to blow hard on the tip of the tongue, without stopping the tapping of the tongue behind the teeth, so that the sound "drrrr" is obtained.
Next, we learn to pronounce the sound "p" with a cotton swab or a child's finger. At the same time performing the "drum" exercise, lift the child's tongue with a cotton or special speech therapy stick to the upper palate, making vibrating movements up and down. Thus, piecewise call the sound "r".
Ask the child to knock with the tongue like a horse. To do this, you need to smile broadly, stick the tongue to the upper palate, and then tear it off sharply.

Correctly pronounce the sound "l"

Very often children replace “r” with “l”, pronouncing “liba” instead of “fish”. But there are also curiosities with the wrong formulation of the sound "l", when the kid says "vodka" instead of "boat". How to teach to speak correctly "l".

Ask to lightly bite the tip of your tongue between your front teeth and blow on it. Make sure that the air passes along the lateral edges of the tongue, and is not directed to its center. This can be done with a feather. Further, we knock with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth, trying to pronounce the sound "l".
It is very often difficult for children to pronounce the "l" sound separately. To do this, ask the child to bite the tongue and say at first the warehouse "la - la - la - la", ending with a long "l-l-l".

Learning to pronounce "s" and "z"

Less common, but still widespread, when the child does not pronounce the sounds "s", "z", "c". The position of the tongue on whistling sounds is similar to hissing. The lateral edges are pressed against the upper molars, only the tip of the tongue should be narrower and touch the base of the front teeth.

For a good pronunciation of the sound "s" do the exercise "rails" with your child. The tip of the tongue should be driven along the base of the teeth from left to right, making the sound "s". The mouth is in a smile. Also play sleeping beauty, while constantly saying "shh". Watch the correct position of the tongue in the mouth.
To learn how to pronounce the letter "z", you just need to perform exercises for the sound "s" to raise your voice. Bring the child's pen to the throat and let him feel how the position of the muscles changes when pronouncing the sounds "s" and "z".

We pronounce the letter "h"

It's funny to hear when a kid asks you for tsai instead of tea, as if he came from China. But you don't have to laugh for long, because it is very easy to correct the pronunciation of this sound.