Oval. The definition of an oval and how to construct it

Ovals are a very common element in still lifes. And still life, in turn, is a favorite topic of novice artists - a still nature. If the oval is drawn correctly, then the whole drawing looks stable and correct. So how is it easy to draw an oval?

General approach.

To know how to draw an oval correctly, you need to deal with academic drawing, perspective, vanishing points. This is for those who want to become professionals, to study the subject in depth.

And now I will tell you about a simplified method that gives a good result.

And, if you are thinking how to teach a child to draw an oval, check out this method.

How to draw an oval. We draw an oval in 4 steps.

1. Let's take a simple shape of rotation with the same diameter over the entire height - a cylinder.

How to draw an oval

Let's construct a blank drawing and draw an auxiliary line v - the axis of rotation.

The upper and lower straight lines limiting the height of the cylinder are denoted by f and h, respectively.

The task is to draw ovals at the top and bottom of the cylinder.

1. For simplicity, we will assume that our eyes are above the cylinder - this is the most common look at the depicted object. Then (remember!)

This means that the upper oval will be somewhat narrower than the lower one.

Draw the top oval:

We mark on the axis of rotation v the distance to the point of the upper circle closest to us, as we see it on the object. This is point A.

A little, but already. This is because of the perspective. Therefore, on the same line v we mark the point farthest from us - point B, but the distance from the straight line f to it will be slightly less than to point A.

How to draw an oval

Now we have 4 extreme points of the oval and we can draw it. Let's just do one more thing - put the brackets on the sides of the oval.

This is so that we do not have the opportunity to draw a "fisheye" instead of a rounded shape along the entire length.

1. Move on to the bottom oval. Everything is exactly the same there, with the difference that the distance along the v-axis to the straight line h of the near and far points will be greater than that of the upper oval. And, at the same time, the back part remains shorter than the front. We put brackets and describe the lower oval.

1. And here's the visible cylinder:

How to draw an oval

All other options:

Different diameter of rotation along the height of the object

Eye level below or at the height of the subject

do not change the principle of construction - the expansion of the oval with distance from the eye and the narrower posterior part of the oval compared to the front.

How to draw an oval

And finally.

These simple techniques show you how to draw an oval, and their application will make your drawings more convincing.

If you teach this to your children and grandchildren, then their drawings of cups, vases, jugs will be the best in the class. This will increase their interest in drawing and increase their credibility in the eyes of their classmates.

Oval is a geometric figure that is used to display individual parts of interior items, drawing animals and much more. Many are interested in how to draw an oval correctly by hand.

How to draw an oval yourself correctly

To make the drawing beautiful and harmonious, it is necessary to correctly and accurately draw all its elements. However, not everyone knows how to make a freehand ellipse correctly and beautifully.

To make an ellipse, you need to take:

• album sheet;
• ruler;
• pencil;
• eraser.

Initially, it is necessary to draw a rhombus in the middle of the sheet, all sides of which will be equal, and the opposite sides will be parallel. The rhombus should be such that an oval of the required size fits well into it. Then an oval must be inscribed in the resulting rhombus. After that, the rhombus must be erased with a pencil.

Draw an oval smoothly and beautifully

To look great, you need to know how to draw an oval with a compass in a few minutes. To perform an ellipse with a compass, you need to take:

• album sheet;
• pencil;
• compass;
• thread;
• pins.

To draw an ellipse beautifully, you must initially draw two straight lines that will be perpendicular. Put the point of the compass at the intersection of the two lines and then draw a circle.

The diameter of such a circle will correspond to the width of the ellipse. Then, leaving the compass in the same place, you need to draw a slightly larger circle to get the length of the ellipse. Then you need to connect the two circles, erasing the extra lines. Thus, you will get a beautiful and even oval, from which you can then draw various animals and birds. Knowing how to draw an oval by hand, you can make very beautiful and original drawings without much difficulty.

How to draw a guinea pig based on an oval

Drawings of animals and birds drawn from simple geometric shapes look very interesting. Many are interested, from the oval with the children.

With the help of an oval, you can quickly and beautifully draw a guinea pig. To draw a drawing, you need to draw two ovals in a horizontal position, one of which will be slightly smaller than the other.

One oval should intersect with the other, and then close the outer corners formed when the two figures intersect with lines. Thus, you get the neck of the animal. In the center of the small oval, you need to draw a point from which the eye will then turn out.

After that, you need to draw small ears in the upper part of the small oval. When everything is ready, you should draw paws for the guinea pig. It should be borne in mind that the front legs should be slightly shorter than the hind legs and almost invisible.

When everything is completely drawn, the extra lines can be erased, and then you need to paint the guinea pig, making the animal spotty.

Knowing how to draw an oval, you can make very beautiful drawings of animals and birds based on this geometric shape.

How do I draw or draw an oval?

For an artist, the ability to draw an oval beautifully and correctly is extremely important. When going to write this article, I first read on the Internet what they say about the outline of ovals, so as not to repeat myself.

By the way, let's not confuse an oval with an ellipse. They are similar, but they are not the same. We will consider the ellipse in the topic "circle perspective".

But about the oval I will say this: the ways of drawing an oval are varied and complex. And it is also important for what purpose we need to draw the oval.

If an oval template is required for decoration work, then I do it in such a cunning way. I trace a round object twice with a pencil and connect these circles by hand with arcs.

You can use a compass, but I always use the opportunity to develop my eye.

If the hand is correct, like that of an Indian, then the figure is quite satisfactory.

It's another matter if an oval is needed for a drawing. For example, you painted the coloring "turtle" and want to draw the same pattern. And not with the help of tracing paper or translation through the window glass, but simply draw (draw) a beautiful even oval.

Children of any age tend to draw an oval in one fell swoop - crooked and tilted to the right. But the outline of such a complex shape is a serious geometric construction.

Let's draw a vertical axis and a horizontal axis perpendicular to it.

If we draw along a ruler, then we check with a square if the corners are really straight. If we draw by hand, then we need to rotate the picture in order to evaluate it from different points of view. From the point of intersection of the axes we measure in both directions the same length segments horizontally - the width of the oval and vertically - the height of the oval. At first, slowly, we draw very nicely the first curved line that delimits one of the four sectors. Here you have to rely on your sense of harmony. We draw the next line symmetrically, again carefully monitoring the accuracy of the dimensions. Having decided on the sketch of the oval, we erase the extra lines and circle the one we need:

Here, comrades, there are many pitfalls: usually children are in a hurry. Or, busy drawing details, they do not see the whole. As in the case with the very strong temptation to draw either a rhombus or a rectangle with rounded corners.

So again, I repeat: to draw or draw an oval is not so easy

Oval Is a closed convex flat curve. The simplest example of an oval is a circle. It is not difficult to draw a circle, but it is allowed to erect an oval using a compass and a ruler.

You will need

• - compasses;
• - ruler;
• - pencil.

Instructions

1. Let us know the width of the oval, i.e. its horizontal axis. Let's erect a segment AB, different from the horizontal axis. Divide this segment into three equal parts by points C and D.

2. From points C and D as from centers, we will erect circles with a radius equal to the distance between points C and D. The points of intersection of the circles will be denoted by the letters E and F.

3. Combine points C and F, D and F, C and E, D and E. These lines intersect the circles at four points. Let's call these points G, H, I, J, respectively.

4. Note that the distances EI, EJ, FG, FH are equal. Let us denote this distance as R. From point E as from the center, draw an arc with radius R, connecting points I and J. Combine points G and H with an arc of radius R with center at point F. Thus, the oval can be considered constructed.

5. Let the length and width of the oval are now famous, i.e. both axes of symmetry. Let's draw two perpendicular lines. Let these lines intersect at point O. On the horizontal line, set aside a segment AB centered at point O, equal to the length of the oval. On the vertical line, set the segment CD centered at point O, equal to the width of the oval.

6. Let us unite the straight lines of the points C and B. From the point O as from the center, draw an arc with the radius OB, connecting the lines AB and CD. The point of intersection with the line CD is called point E.

7. From point C draw an arc with radius CE so that it intersects segment CB. The point of intersection will be denoted by point F. The distance FB will be denoted by Z. From points F and B as centers, draw two intersecting arcs with radius Z.

8. We connect the points of intersection of 2 arcs of a straight line and call the points of intersection of this straight line with the axes of symmetry points G and H. Set aside point G * symmetrically to point G tangent to point O. And set point H * symmetrically to point H tangent to point O.

9. Connect points H and G *, H * and G *, H * and G with straight lines. Let's denote the distance HC as R, and the distance GB as R *.

10. From point H, as from the center, draw an arc of radius R, intersecting lines HG and HG *. From the point H * as from the center, draw an arc with radius R, intersecting the lines H * G * and H * G. From the points G and G * as from the centers, draw arcs of radius R *, closing the resulting figure. The oval is now complete.

Not everyone knows that an ellipse and an oval are different geometric shapes, even though they are similar in appearance. Unlike an oval, an ellipse has the correct shape, and it will not work to draw it with the support of a compass alone.

You will need

• - paper;
• - pencil;
• - ruler;
• - compasses.

Instructions

1. Take paper and a pencil, draw two lines perpendicular to each other. Put a compass at the point where they intersect and draw two circles of different diameters. In this case, the smaller circle will have a diameter equal to the width, that is, the minor axis of the ellipse, and the huge circle will correspond to the length, that is, the larger axis.

2. Divide the huge circle into twelve equal parts. Use straight lines that go through the center to combine the opposite division points. As a result, you will also divide the smaller circle into twelve equal segments.

3. Number. Do this so that the highest point in the circle is called point 1. Further from the points on the large circle, draw vertical lines downward. In this case, skip points 1, 4, 7 and 10. From points on the small circle, corresponding to points on the large circle, draw lines horizontally, which will intersect with the verticals.

4. Unite the points with a smooth oblique where vertical and horizontal lines intersect and points 1, 4, 7, 10 on a small circle. The result is a correctly constructed ellipse.

5. Try another method for constructing an ellipse. On paper, draw a rectangle with a height and width equal to the height and width of the ellipse. Draw two intersecting lines that will divide the rectangle into four parts.

6. With a compass, draw a circle that crosses the long line in the middle. At the same time, place the compass rod in the center of the side of the rectangle. The radius of the circle should be half the length of the side of the figure.

7. Notice the points where the circle crosses the vertical centerline, stick two pins in them. Put a third pin at the end of the middle line, tie all three with linen thread.

8. Take out the third pin, put a pencil in its place. Draw a curve using thread tension. The ellipse will turn out if all the actions were performed correctly.

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Despite the fact that the ellipse and the oval are outwardly hefty similar, geometrically they are different shapes. And if it is allowed to draw an oval only with the help of a compass, then it is unthinkable to draw an ellipse with a compass. It turns out that we will consider two methods of constructing an ellipse on a plane.

Instructions

1. The 1st and most primitive method of drawing an ellipse is to draw two perpendicular lines to each other. From the point of their intersection with a compass, draw two circles of different sizes: the diameter of the smaller circle is equal to the specified width of the ellipse or minor axis, the diameter of the larger one is the length of the ellipse, the major axis.

2. Divide the huge circle into twelve equal parts. Unite with straight lines passing through the center of the division points located opposite each other. The smaller circle will also be divided into 12 equal parts.

3. Number the points clockwise so that point 1 is the highest point in the circle.

4. From the division points on the larger circle, in addition to points 1, 4, 7, and 10, draw vertical lines downward. From the corresponding points lying on a small circle, draw horizontal lines intersecting with vertical ones, i.e. the vertical line from point 2 of the larger circle must intersect with the horizontal line from point 2 of the small circle.

5. Combine the smooth oblique intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines, as well as points 1, 4, 7 and 10 of the small circle. The ellipse is built.

6. For another method of drawing an ellipse, you will need a compass, 3 pins, and a strong linen thread. Draw a rectangle whose height and width are equal to the height and width of the ellipse. Use two intersecting lines to divide the rectangle into 4 equal parts.

7. Using a compass, draw a circle across the long centerline. To do this, the support rod of the compass must be installed in the center of one of the lateral sides of the rectangle. The radius of the circle is specified by the length of the side of the rectangle, halved.

8. Notice the points where the circle intersects the vertical center line.

9. Stick two pins in these points. Stick the third pin at the end of the midline. Tie all three pins with linen thread.

10. Remove the third pin and use a pencil instead. Applying a uniform thread tension, draw a curve. If everything is done correctly, you should have an ellipse.

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The designer is repeatedly faced with the need to build arc given curvature. Parts of buildings, bridge spans, fragments of parts in mechanical engineering can have this shape. The thesis of building an arch in any type of design is no different from what a schoolchild is supposed to do in a drawing or geometry lesson.

You will need

• - paper;
• - ruler;
• - protractor
• - compasses;
• - computer with AutoCAD program.

Instructions

1. To erect arc with the help of ordinary drawing tools, you need to know 2 parameters: the radius of the circle and the angle of the sector. They are either specified in the conditions of the problem, or they need to be calculated based on other data.

2. Place a dot on the sheet. Mark it as O. From this point, draw a line and mark the length of the radius on it.

3. Align the zero division of the protractor with point O and set this angle aside. Draw a straight line through this new point starting at point O and plot the length of the radius on it.

4. Spread the legs of the compass to the size of the radius. Put the needle at point O. Combine the ends of the radii with an arc with a compass pencil.

5. AutoCAD allows you to build arc by several parameters. Open the program. In the top menu, find the main tab, and in it - the panel "Draw". The program will offer several types of lines. Select the "Arc" option. It is allowed to do it through the command line. Enter the command _arc there and press enter.

6. You will see a list of parameters by which it is allowed to build arc ... There are a lot of options: three points, center, beginning and end. It is allowed to build arc by origin, center, chord length, or internal angle. A variant is offered by two extreme points and a radius, by the central and final or starting points and an inner corner, etc. Choose the one that suits you best based on what you are famous for.

7. Whatever you prefer, the program will prompt you to enter the required parameters. If you build arc on any three points, it is allowed to indicate their location with cursor support. It is allowed to specify the coordinates of any point.

8. If among the parameters by which you are building arc , you have a corner, the context menu will have to be called the 2nd time. First, mark the points specified in the conditions with the cursor or with the support of coordinates, then call the menu and enter the angle size.

9. The algorithm for constructing an arc by two points and the length of a chord is exactly the same as by two points and an angle. However, in this case, it should be borne in mind that the chord contracts 2 arcs of one circle. If you build a smaller arc , enter the correct value, large is negative.

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Those who study in art schools and other educational institutions related to the visual arts know firsthand how not just to draw still lifes with round objects and plaster aids - cylinders, cones, balls built through and through. The most difficult thing is to convey their circles, rotated at different angles in perspective.
So, in this article, you will learn how to draw a circle rotated in perspective, correctly from a geometric point of view.

What a circle looks like in perspective

Remember: the visible circular part of an object rotated in perspective visually becomes an ellipse. Not a flattened circle, not an oval, not a donut with different halves, but an ellipse.

What is an ellipse, you can see in the school geometry course. But for the artist it is important to remember its main features - symmetry about two axes perpendicular to each other and edges rounded along the radius. That is, an ellipse is an absolutely symmetrical figure.

There is a story about different halves of a circle that is rotated at an angle in perspective. It is told both in art schools and on the Internet. But it is often misinterpreted, leading to misconception and confusion.

For example, a round cup, top view.

When we turn it at an angle, then from above we see the circle in a different way. And what we see is just called an ellipse.

Remember once and for all: no matter how we turn this cup, its top will remain an ellipse. It can become wider, narrower, but it will still remain an ellipse.

How to draw a circle in perspective with one vanishing point

Let's start with a square in which we will inscribe a circle. The center of the intersection of the diagonals of the square is also the center of the circle. The axes of the circle also pass through the center, they are perpendicular to each other.

In the place where the axes of the circle touch the square, there are the points of contact of the circle with the square. Therefore, the axis of the circle is important to depict.
Draw the same square in one-point perspective. The center of the circle is located at the intersection of its diagonals. The axes of the circle pass through this center.

You can pay attention: the axis has shifted, and the halves of the circle are not equal. The nearest half of the circle is larger, the far half is smaller.

However, the ellipse is symmetrical. That is, both halves of it are equal relative to the axis. To find the axis of the ellipse, divide the vertical axis of the circle in half and draw another axis through the found point. We see that this line does not coincide with the axis of the circle.

Now you can draw an ellipse. We make it symmetrical about the found axes and outline it, passing through the points of contact.

As you can see, everything is not complicated enough. But the thought of different halves of a circle does not give rest, makes it difficult to draw an ellipse even and geometrically correct. True, not everyone succeeds in drawing an even ellipse the first time, so don't be discouraged if it doesn't work out anyway. The main thing is that you draw it in the right way.
The question arises: why do we then draw so many lines, outline a square with the axes of a circle and diagonals? Why complicate things then? Let's say we are drawing a sugar bowl with a lid on top. The lid has a handle in the center. When we look at it at an angle, the handle will visually shift, that is, it will be located in the center of the circle. The center of the circle is located at the intersection of the diagonals, as we found out, that is, with an offset relative to the center of the ellipse.

When you draw any complex object, for example, a baluster, you will need to find the center of the circle. This will help position the individual structural elements on the same axis.

How to draw a cylinder

From a single vanishing point perspective, it's simple. But if we draw an object with two vanishing points, then things can be more complicated. For example, take a cylinder lying on its side.

The most common design without correct construction is a flattened cylinder. It turns out not round, but looks flattened.

In the training drawing, all complex shapes should be represented in the form of simpler shapes. Let's imagine our cylinder in the form of a parallelepiped, outlined along the points of contact with the cylinder.

The main thing is to correctly determine the direction of the edges of this parallelepiped and reliably display the perspective. When we draw a cylinder from nature, we look at the corner of the honey with two faces.

As with the one-point perspective, the center of the circle is at the intersection of the square's diagonals. Draw the axes of the circle through the found center.

To find the axes of the ellipse, we need to find the axis of rotation of the cylinder. To do this, draw a parallelepiped through and through and draw the axis of rotation from the center of the front face to the center of the rear face.

Let's find the minor axis of the ellipse - it is always parallel to the axis of rotation and is located in the middle of the axis of the circle. In a perspective with two vanishing points, this midpoint often coincides with the center of the circle (or almost coincides, like mine), but not always.

Draw the minor axis of the ellipse. The major axis is perpendicular to the minor one. The main thing is to make sure that the axes are perpendicular to each other.

Let's mark the points of contact and, passing through them, draw a symmetrical ellipse. In order not to get crooked, we follow the segments of the ellipse along the axes - they must be the same.

Sometimes there are no joining, it is not possible to pass exactly through all the points of contact, so to speak, to pull the ellipse over the points of contact. First, check the square - it may be too strong for you, unnaturally taken into perspective, or vice versa, there is no perspective. Secondly, do not catch millimeters, no one will ever see them in the drawing, if your ellipse itself looks smooth and convincing.
The back of the cylinder is drawn in the same way.

You will notice that the far ellipse looks wider and rounder than the front one. This means that we drew the perspective correctly, because we see the back part, as it were, more than the front. Hence the effect. Perhaps, everything is drawn rather roughly, not everything is perfectly straight, but the main thing is to convey the essence.
And now you can complete the drawing of the cylinder.

How to fit circles into the edges of a cube

This magical exercise will help you learn how to draw circles in any corner and any perspective. Draw a cube and inscribe circles on its edges.

In the same way, we inscribe a circle on the last face.

And most importantly: you must understand that drawing is not an exact science, not geometry. And there is no need to get hung up on catching millimeters, to erase everything and redraw everything if something does not fit in geometric terms. The artist's task is not to draw geometrically precisely, but to make his drawing convincing. This is especially true when it comes to geometrically correct shapes.

So, when drawing circles in perspective, correctly estimate the direction of the axes of the ellipse and try to draw the ellipse symmetrical about these axes. And you don't need to catch millimeters.