The Birth of Jesus Christ - Bible Coloring Pages. Nativity of Christ in Russian painting Drawings of how Jesus Christ was born

In this lesson we will look at what to draw for Christmas, and also consider a step-by-step drawing, how to draw Christmas, the birth of Christ with a pencil step by step.

So what to draw for Christmas. In Western countries, this holiday is celebrated on a grand scale, like we do. We are Christians, not all, of course, there are many other religions in our country, but most, only the countries of the former USSR are Orthodox, and in the west are Catholics. On Catholic Christmas they like to exhibit such figures, maybe they even saw them in films, the movie "Home Alone" only comes to mind, but I don't remember which part.

In connection with these, you can draw the Birth of Jesus, the cradle with the baby and next to Mary and Joseph. Pictures are enlarged.

Just a Christmas scene.

The Magi go to bow and bring gifts to the newborn prophet, a star shines, which will show the way to him, if I don't confuse anything. This is shown in silhouettes, very beautiful to me.

Below is an illustrated picture, well, this is for the pros.

These were options related to the birth of Jesus. Now let's see how you can draw Christmas in a different way. Saint Nicholas (Santa) looks at the star, and you can also just hand out to.

Here is your beloved, or rather two, holding a piece of paper with the inscription "Merry Christmas!"

Here are other nature-related Christmas options:, twig, church.

Winter landscape and bells.

This old postcard, you see there still after the letters "c" and "m" there is a solid sign (b).

You can just use caramel sticks, leaves, ribbons.

Now let's see our Christmas drawing lesson, that's what we should get in the end, I decided to mix the New Year theme with the birth of Jesus.

I took part of the drawing from this picture.

Look again where the circle should be and draw it, inside which is the animal feeder.

Then draw the hay that sticks out from the top and out of the crevices.

Sheep, star and shine.

Bells (you should already know how to draw them, a lesson to be) and fir branches. The branches are easy to draw, draw a curve from which small curves depart, which are at a close distance to each other.

And the final touch is, we show the ringing of a bell and decorate the inscription "Merry Christmas" on the sides with such decorative lines.

Andrey Rublev.
"Nativity".
1405 year.
Cathedral of the Annunciation in the Moscow Kremlin.

Since ancient times, the celebration of Christmas in Russia began on the night of December 25. On the eve of the holiday, when the early winter sunset burned out in the frosty air and the pink light on the snow became colder and colder and somehow completely imperceptibly turned blue, people left their houses, leaving their pre-holiday preparations, and looked at the darkening sky, waiting for the first, Christmas star ... On this day, until the star was not supposed to eat anything, and in the evening the food was not very satisfying, but special and long-awaited - bread grains steamed in water with dried berries. It was called “syrup”, and the whole day of the prefeast was called Christmas Eve.

The night of Christmas came, time receded, and in the holiday of overcoming it through the snow-covered Russia - every person, old and young, was preparing to become a participant in the meeting on earth of a born baby. That evening, the first Christmas carols - carols - were conceived along the village and city streets. Their singing in ancient times was widespread throughout Russia. The first records of North Russian carols have survived from the 17th century, but the chants themselves go back to ancient times. Carols sing of the past as if it were happening today, on this night, and the singers themselves are witnesses and participants in the events. Russian children under the moonlight of Christmas Eve, creaking with frosty snow on the windowsills, talked in carols with shepherds going to bow to the newborn Savior of the world.

Christmas was depicted by artists who lived at least 1,100 years before Rublev. According to the historian Eusebius of Caesarea (III-IV centuries), no later than the 330s, by order of Emperor Constantine, the Church of the Nativity was built in Bethlehem, where, undoubtedly, there was an icon of this holiday. The oldest images of the Nativity have survived to this day on silver ampoules, into which oil consecrated in Palestine was poured. They belong to the 5th-7th centuries. For more than a millennium, this iconography developed, developed, before it acquired the form in which its predecessors wrote Rublev and he himself followed them.

Valery Sergeev. Rublev. ZhZL series No. 618.

"Nativity".
1745.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

As for the dating of the advent, it is not so simple here either. If a supernova explosion - "Star of Bethlem" was not inserted into the Bible later, because it lit up and became visible in 1054 from the birth of Christ, then the masters of the world have written down an extra millennium in our heads. The Church of Trent in Constantinople (Constantinople) definitely added an extra millennium ...

Vladimir Pyatibrat. "Deep Book".

Gandolfino da Roreto (Gandolfino d "Asti).
The Nativity of Christ.
Late 15th - early 16th centuries
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

When it was time to give birth - it was about midnight on Christmas Day - Mary got up and leaned against the pillar that was there. Joseph was sitting next to him, saddened, probably because he could not prepare everything needed for the birth. He got up, took hay from the manger, laid it at the feet of the Virgin Mary, and turned away. At this moment, the Son of God left the womb of the Mother without causing her any pain. So He found Himself in the hay at the feet of His Mother. After washing Him, She wrapped Him in Her veil and laid Him in a manger.<…> the ox and the donkey bowed their heads over the manger in order to warm the Baby with their breath, as they understood that in such a cold a barely sheltered Baby needed warmth. The mother, however, kneeling down, prayed and offered thanks to God: I thank You, Lord and Heavenly Father, for giving Me Your Son, and I pray to You, the Eternal God, and You, the Son of the Living God and My Holy One.

Pseudo-Bonaventure. "Reflections on the Life of Christ." Around 1300.

"Nativity".

Icon "Nativity of Christ".
Mediterranean.
Second half of the 15th century.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

Icon "Nativity of Christ".
Russia.
XVI century.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

Icon "Nativity of Christ".
Russia.
End of the 17th century.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

Icon "Nativity of Christ" in a carved frame.
Palestine.
Between 1801-1860.
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

Ilya Efimovich Repin.
"Nativity".
1890.
State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Birth of Jesus

In those days, a command went out from the Roman Caesar Augustus to make a census of all the earth.

And everyone went to sign up - each to his own city. Since Joseph was from the city of Bethlehem, he went there with Mary.

It was time for Mary to give birth in Bethlehem. She swaddled the baby and put it in the cattle feeder, in the manger, because there was no room for him and Joseph in the hotel.

Meanwhile, an angel appeared to the shepherds, who were watching over the cattle at night and said:

I proclaim to you great joy: in Bethlehem, the Savior was born - Christ the Lord. You will find a baby in a manger.

The shepherds came running and found Mary, Joseph and the baby lying in a manger. Then the shepherds told everyone about the guidance and the baby.

Eight days later, the baby was named Jesus.

Then they carried it to Jerusalem to present the baby to God and sacrifice two turtledoves or two chicks of pigeons, as stated in the laws of Moses.

There was then a man in Jerusalem named Simeon. It was foretold to him that he would not die until he saw the Savior. Simeon came to the temple at the time when the parents brought Jesus there, took him in their arms and said:

Now you let your servant go, Master, according to your word in peace, for I saw the Savior.

Joseph and Mary were very surprised at such words.

There was also Anna the prophetess, eighty-four years old. She did not leave the temple at all - she prayed to God day and night. She went up to the baby and glorified the Lord, and began to talk about him to everyone in Jerusalem.

Biblical legends. Derbent, "Interekspress". 1992 year.

"Nativity".
1503.
Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

Mathis Gotthart Grunewald.
"Nativity".
Insenheim Altarpiece.

THE STAR OF BIFLEEM REALLY FLASHED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XII CENTURY. (ABSOLUTE ASTRONOMIC DATING OF THE LIFE OF CHRIST)

We will use the fundamental work of IS Shklovsky "Supernovae and related problems". In it, the third chapter is almost entirely devoted to the "star of 1054". The remnants of this outburst are the modern Crab Nebula in the constellation Taurus.

Let's say right away that the date "1054" is taken from old chronicles, in particular, Chinese and Japanese. Which I.S.Shklovsky completely trusts. But we have no reason to do so. Moreover, it is not at all necessary to involve such dubious information. It turns out that this supernova explosion can be DATED PURE ASTRONOMICALLY, and with high accuracy. This is exactly what was done by American astronomers in the XX century.

The reliable astronomical dating of the Star of Bethlehem is as follows: 1140 plus or minus 20-30 years. That is, the MIDDLE OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY.

ADDITION ABOUT GALLAY'S COMET. Today it is known that the return period of Halley's comet is approximately 76 years ... Since the penultimate time Halley's comet appeared in 1910, it is easy to calculate that around 1910 - 760 \u003d 1150 Halley's comet should have also appeared. Good or bad she was visible that year - we do not know. But if it really appeared in the sky as spectacularly as in the 17th-20th centuries (for example, as in 1910), then for several years two bright phenomena could be observed in the sky - a star flare around 1150 and Halley's comet around 1150 ... Which, naturally, should have further strengthened the impression of people. Subsequently, the two phenomena could be confused, combined. The Gospels say that the Star of Bethlehem MOVED, leading the Magi. Which reminds the behavior of the comet: "And behold, the star that they saw in the east WENT BEFORE THEM, HOW FINALLY COME AND STOPPED over the place where the Child was" (Matthew 2: 9). In fig. 1.7 shows one of the old images of the Gospel Star of Bethlehem in the form of a "tailed star". This is how comets were previously depicted.

An even more frank image of the star of Bethlehem in the form of a comet we see in Giotto's painting "The Adoration of the Magi" ...

Giotto di Bondone.
"Adoration of the Magi".

The tail of the star is extended to the left upwards - which means that the artist most likely painted a comet and not, say, a star with a ray pointing to the baby Christ.

Albrecht Altdorfer.
"Holy Night (Nativity of Christ)".

It is curious that in the medieval painting "Christmas" by Albrecht Altdorfer, at the top left, there are TWO HEAVENLY LIGHTS that marked Christmas. One of them is the huge star of Bethlehem in the form of a ball flash. And a little lower - a more elongated and swirling luminary, inside which a small angel is depicted.

We see a similar image of exactly two heavenly "flashes" announcing the birth of Christ on the famous medieval Paumgartner altar, created by Albrecht Durer allegedly in the 16th century.

Albrecht Durer.
Altar of the Paumgartners.
1503.

We see a globular flash of the Bethlehem star, and just below (as, by the way, in Altdorfer's painting) - an elongated swirling luminary with an angel inside. In both of the above pictures, a pair of celestial bodies is depicted in a bright yellow, golden color, immediately striking against the darker background of the rest of the landscape.

Thus, such medieval images convey to us, apparently, an old tradition to associate with Christmas both the flash of a star and the comet that appeared at that time.

Vasily Shebuev.
"Nativity".

Let us turn to the "Lutheran Chronograph" of the 17th century, which describes world history from the creation of the world to 1680. It speaks, in particular, of the celebration of the medieval Christian "Jubilees" that were celebrated in the Vatican in 1299-1550. Jubilees were established in memory of Christ, since they were celebrated on the days of the January calendars. Christmas was celebrated, close to the January calendars, and not another Christian holiday ...

The years of the Jubilees were appointed by the popes. According to the "Lutheran Chronograph", in 1390 the "Jubilee after Christ's Vece" was appointed by Pope Urban IV as the THIRTY ANNIVERSARY of the Nativity of Christ. Then he became ten years old, and from 1450, at the behest of Pope Nicholas VI, - FIVE YEARS OLD.

Let's make a simple, but very interesting calculation. Note that if the Jubilee from the Nativity of Christ in 1390 was celebrated as THIRTY YEARS (that is, a multiple of 30 years), and in 1450 - as FIFTEEN YEARS (multiple of 50 years), then by simple calculations we arrive at a complete list of possible - from the point of view medieval popes - years of the birth of Christ. Namely: 1300, 1150, 1000, 850, 700, 550, 400, 250, 100 A.D. and so on, with a step of 150 years into the past (150 is the least common multiple of 30 and 50). It is striking that the resulting list of dates does not include the year AD where historians place the Nativity of Christ today. It turns out that the popes who arranged the Jubilee did not at all think that Christ was born at the beginning of our era, as the later chronologists of the 16th-17th centuries stated. The date of the Nativity of Christ was for the popes of the XIV century, obviously, something completely different.

Among the indicated dates, located quite rarely, we see a date that falls exactly in the middle of the XII century. This is 1150. WHAT AGAIN PERFECTLY AGREES WITH THE ASTRONOMIC DATING OF THE VIFLEEMSKAYA STAR 1140-M, PLUS-MINUS 10 YEARS.

G.V. Nosovsky, A.T. Fomenko. "Tsar of the Slavs".

Giovanni Battista Ortolano.
"Christmas".

Giulio Pippi, nicknamed Giulio Romano.
Christmas and the Adoration of the Shepherds.
1531-1534.

Domenico Beccafumi.
"Christmas".

Lorenzo Lotto.
"Nativity".

Master from Moulins.
The Nativity of Christ and Cardinal Rolen.

Master of the Louvre Christmas.
"Christmas".

Piero della Francesca.
"Nativity".

Rogier van der Weyden.
Altar of Bladlen (Middelburg Altar).
"Nativity".

The Nativity of Christ (Adoration of the Shepherds).
First half of the 17th century.
1650?
Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

Federico Barocci.
"Nativity".

Hans Baldung.
"Nativity".

El Greco.
"Nativity".

Elizaveta Merkuryevna Boehm (Endaurova).
"For the Feast of the Nativity of Christ!"

Nativity - one of the main Christian holidays, established in honor of the birth of the baby Jesus Christ in Bethlehem. Despite the fact that Catholics celebrate it on December 25, and Orthodox on January 7, it is one and the same holiday, but according to different calendar styles - old and new. It should be noted that for Orthodox Christians Christmas is the second most important holiday after Easter, but Catholics revere it even higher than Easter. This is due to the different meanings that representatives of these confessions put into the concept of "Christmas": orthodox Christians more revered spiritual rebirth, that is, the resurrection of Christ after death and His ascension to heaven, while Western religious movements put above the possibility of salvation, which came into the world with the birth of little Jesus, that is, his physical birth.

The history of the holiday is interesting, but not very clear. The fact is that nowhere in the Bible is the exact date of birth of the baby Jesus mentioned. None of the four Gospels says that Christ was born on December 25 (or January 7 in the new style). The Old Testament only mentions that Christ was born in 5508 from the creation of the world.

A new era began with the Nativity of Christ, and they began to celebrate the holiday already in the first centuries. Date of Christmas - December 25, adopted by the Church from the IV century.

In the IV century, Constantine, the Roman emperor, renounced the pagan faith, adopted the Christian teaching himself and legalized it on the territory of his country. Obeying the will of the emperor, the new church immediately began an active struggle against pagan cults. But it turned out to be not so easy to destroy the usual foundations, so in some matters the priests had to make concessions to the worshipers of ancient cults. One of these concessions was the emphasis on December 25. Before the introduction of Christianity, people worshiped the Sun, so the period of the winter solstice, that is, the last days of December, was especially revered. During this period, the Sun approached the Earth, the daylight hours became longer and brighter, and this was perceived as a symbol of the victory of the forces of light over the forces of darkness. Christian priests saw this as a good sign and agreed to appoint the feast of the Nativity of Christ at the end of December, for the birth of a son of God is nothing more than the birth of the true Sun. In other words, the early Christians wisely decided that it was easier to fill traditional pagan beliefs with new meaning than to eradicate them with "fire and sword."

In 337, Pope Julius I approved the date of December 25 as the date of the Nativity of Christ. Since then, the entire Christian world has celebrated Christmas on December 25th. The Russian Orthodox Church also celebrates Christmas on December 25, but on December 25, according to the Julian calendar, the Church, which did not accept the reform of Pope Gregory XIII, begins on January 7 - according to the new, Gregorian style.

God sent His Son, Jesus Christ, into this sinful world to save humanity from sins and eternal destruction. With His birth on earth, a new era began. Even our chronology begins with the Nativity of Jesus Christ. The story of Jesus' birth is amazing. Just think, He, the Son of the Creator of the world and the universe, had to be born in a barn for animals. But let's start from the beginning.

The Annunciation of the Conception of Jesus

In the small town of Nazareth, in the “north of Israel, there lived a girl named Mary. She loved the Lord and had a pure heart. Once the angel Gabriel, sent by the Lord, appeared to her and said: “Rejoice, Blessed One! The Lord is with You; blessed are You among wives. "Mary, seeing Him, was confused. But the Angel told her: “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found grace with the Lord; and behold, you will conceive in your womb, and you will bear a Son, and you will call His name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; and he will reign over the house of Jacob for ever, and his kingdom will have no end. "
Mary was not married at the time, but she was betrothed to a godly believer named Joseph. She asked Angel: "How will it be when I don't know my husband?" The angel answered her: “The Holy Spirit will come upon You, and the power of the Most High will overshadow You; therefore, the Holy One being born will be called the Son of God. " Mary answered: “Behold, the servant of the Lord; let it be done to me according to your word. " And the angel departed from her.
Upon learning that Mary was expecting a child, Joseph wanted to let her go, but the Angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said: “Joseph, son of David! Do not be afraid to accept Mary your wife; for that which is born in her is of the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a Son, and you will call His name Jesus; for He will save His people from their sins ".

The birth of Jesus Christ

A detailed story about the birth of Jesus Christ is given only by the Evangelist Luke:

"Joseph also went from Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, called Bethlehem, because he was from the house and family of David, to enroll with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was pregnant. When they were there, the time has come for her to give birth; and she gave birth to her Firstborn Son, and wrapped Him in swaddling clothes, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. " (Luke 2: 4-7)

The reason why Mary and Joseph, then living in Nazareth, went to Bethlehem, was the census. According to the decree of the emperor Augustus, every inhabitant of the Roman Empire had to come "to his city" to facilitate the conduct of the census. Since Joseph was a descendant of David, he went to Bethlehem. The road was long and difficult, they walked on foot through the mountainous terrain, and when they reached Bethlehem and began to look for a place to sleep, it turned out that all the inns were full.
There was no room for them in the hotels. And they had to settle in a cave (nativity scene), where the shepherds drove their cattle during bad weather.

On the same night, Maria felt that it was time to give birth. It was there, in a cave, that Mary gave birth to her son, swaddled and put in a nursery. The fact of the birth of the holy baby was announced by the one lit up in the skyStar of bethlehem.

After the birth of Jesus, the first of the people came to worship him the shepherds, notified of this event by the appearance of an angel.And a shining angel came down to them from heaven: "Do not be afraid, I proclaim to you a great joy that will be to all people, for now a Savior, who is Christ the Lord, has been born in the city of David, and here is a sign for you: you will find a baby lying in swaddling clothes in a manger"... When the angel disappeared, the shepherds decided to go to the cave and see with their own eyes what was said - and they really saw the baby sleeping in the cattle feeder.

According to the evangelist Matthew, a wonderful star appeared in heaven, which led to the baby Jesus three wise men (wise men): Gaspar, Melchior and Belshazzar. According to Eastern prophecies, the fact of the appearance of a star meant the time of the coming into the world of God's Son - the Messiah, who was awaited by the Jewish people. The Magi went to Jerusalem to inquire where the Savior of the world should be sought. Hearing about this, King Herod, who ruled Judea at that time, became agitated and called the Magi to him. After finding out from them the time of the appearance of the star, and hence the possible age of the King of the Jews, whom he feared as a rival to his reign, Herod asked the Magi: "Go, scout carefully about the Baby, and when you find it, notify me so that I can go and worship Him." (Matt. 2. 8). Following the guiding star, the Magi reached Bethlehem, where they bowed to the newborn Savior, bringing Him gifts from the treasures of the East: gold, incense and myrrh. Then, having received a revelation from God not to return to Jerusalem, they departed to their own country in a different way.

Eight days later, the baby was named Jesus, which means "The Lord is Salvation." Subsequently, he was also called "Christ", which means "anointed one." This "prefix" in ancient Israel was previously used only in relation to kings and high priests, since elevation to high rank was accomplished through the anointing. Having given the epithet "Christ" to the son of God, the prophets emphasized that he is the true King of the world, simultaneously bringing the light of faith to people.

Upon learning of the birth of Christ, and discovering that the Magi did not obey him, the angry king of Judea Herod ordered to kill all male infants under the age of 2 years. The Gospel narrates that Joseph, having received a warning of danger in a dream, fled with the Mother of God and the Child to Egypt, where the Holy Family remained until the death of King Herod.

The story about the details of the birth of Jesus Christ is also present in two apocryphal sources: "Proto-Gospel of James" and "Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew." According to these sources, due to the lack of space in the hotel, Joseph and Mary were forced to spend the night in a cave, which was used as a barn to shelter livestock from the weather. When Mary felt the onset of labor, Joseph went to look for the midwife, but when he returned with her to the cave, the birth had already taken place, and such a light shone in the cave that they could not bear it, and a little time later the light disappeared and the baby appeared, went out and took the breast of his mother Mary. The birth of Christ took place before Joseph brought the midwife. At the same time, Salome is called the eldress and a relative of Mary, that is, she comes from the family of King David. The midwife Salome mentioned in the apocrypha bore witness to the miracle of preserving the virginity of the Virgin.

Christmas Eve

The Nativity of Christ ends with a 40-day Nativity Fast (November 28 - January 6). Christ not only advised to cleanse the spirit and flesh with the help of fasting, but he himself set an example of abstinence. Remember at least His 40-day fast in the desert and the answer to the devil-tempter: "... Man will not live by bread alone, but only by the word that proceeds from the mouth of God." The Orthodox Church views fasting as an opportunity to cleanse oneself from worldly filth: through the cleansing of the body, the cleansing of the spirit and thoughts is achieved.

Christmas Eve is called Christmas Eve ... On Christmas Eve, on the eve of Christmas, a strict fast is observed. Traditionally, they eat wheat or rice kutya with honey. But it is allowed to start a meal no earlier than the first star appears in the sky - this symbolizes the Star of Bethlehem, which announced the birth of the baby Jesus.

On the feast of the Nativity of Christ, the Orthodox greet each other with the words: "Christ was born!" answering them - "We glorify Him!" .

Millions of people believe in Jesus Christ, although his existence is highly controversial. He is admired, loved, worshiped. As stated in the Bible, and in accordance with Christian beliefs, the Lord God impregnated the Virgin Mary. She gave birth to Jesus, who performed incredible miracles: he walked on water, gave sight, turned water into wine, healed cripples and raised the dead. Many professional artists and simply lovers of painting depict Jesus Christ in their canvases, but children's drawings drawn with an ordinary pencil carry a special energy.

The drawings of Jesus Christ are very compelling. They not only give a visual representation of a person, but also speak about his essence.

It would seem that the portrait shows something quite obvious, but the author slyly "hides" a deep meaning in it. Through a certain expression or pose, an additional object (a crown of thorns) or the use of certain colors, the artist reveals the soul of a great man.

Often the work becomes iconic, representing a group of people from a certain period of time, who have something in common, such as the birth of Jesus.

Even one cradle with the Star of Bethlehem at its head speaks of the birth of our Savior.

Sometimes it seems that the face of Christ has a stern or frowning look, but this is a misconception. Christ is our salvation and his gaze is always loving.

When depicting the Almighty, it is important to draw the eyes correctly - the gateway to the human soul.

Sometimes one eye is depicted facing the viewer, and the other is turned slightly to the side. It is said that this is how Jesus views his destiny.

It is through the shape of the neck that the authors convey the full breath of God and the holy spirit.

The Almighty came to our earth to save and protect all of humanity.

Pencil drawing of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, drawing scheme in stages

Jesus Christ gives people hope, trust and faith. Looking at the images with the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, you really believe that he died for our sins. Drawing such events requires from the author understanding and admiration for a really big sacrifice.

Option number 1

There are six specific steps, following which you can create a suffering drawing of the Almighty.

• To begin with, they are determined with the shape of the body. Start with a circle for the head and an elongated torso. After creating the base, add lines of the limbs for the neck, arms and legs.

• Move on to sketching shoulder-length hair, a sketch of a beard and a crown of thorns. The shape of the torso and arms is rounded.

• When the upper part of Jesus' body is ready, you can draw the shape of the cross. Having finished the outlines of the arms, they proceed to the waist, loincloth and legs.

• The next step is to draw outstretched wings. Add fabric with fold lines on the lower back. Then they go down, where they finish drawing the lower part of the cross.

• On the large angel wings, feathers are added and the original lines that were drawn in the first stage are erased.

• The sketch of the drawing is ready, although you can add a few shades.

Option number 2

Before you start drawing Jesus, determine the size of the figure. Accordingly, the silhouette is selected based on the height of the sheet. This is necessary to maintain the proportion between the sheet and the actual design.

• Initially, a cross is drawn. It will serve as the foundation for the body. The pressure of the pencil is not made large so that at the end of the work it is easy to erase the guides.

• Determine the space that the drawing will occupy vertically and horizontally. Jesus' arms will be stretched out to the sides. Therefore, a good paper size is required. Draw the head and hands. At the top of the vertical line, an oval is made for the head.

• A large rectangle is drawn to serve as the torso. Then draw the details of the hair, eyes, nose, lips and beard.

• Begin to detail the drawing from the hair. To do this, depict wavy or straight lines starting at the top of the head and falling to the shoulders.

• Don't worry if the strands look uneven.

• Work with the face. A little below the forehead, eyebrows are drawn, and under them - eyes (always with a pupil), adding two stretched curved lines. Then they start sketching the nose and mouth.

• The lips should be slightly curved upward, as the masters show the smile of Jesus. A mustache and a beard are made around them. The first vegetation is shaded vertically, and the second is performed horizontally. The beard starts from the lips and extends to the ears. It looks like a triangle pointing down.

• Then two ovals are made at the end of the arms. Later, fingers will be drawn from them, which will be curved upward.

• Long lines depict a robe, not forgetting to add extra strokes for folds on the clothes. They darken or shade on the fold lines, for example, on the folds. Form the fingers on the hands and pass again along the contour of the drawing. Remove unnecessary details with an eraser.

• Option number 3

Step by step video tutorial for drawing the crucifixion of Jesus. The author filmed it in some detail, so it is quite possible to repeat the above technique.

Pencil drawing of the birth of Jesus Christ, step by step with a photo

When they draw an important Christian event - the Nativity of Christ, they immediately recall the crib in the manger where the baby first appeared. The scenes are accompanied by the magic of the night star, wandering shepherds, pets, exotic magi bringing gifts from the East, as well as a proud father and Mother of God.

Option number 1

This drawing is made in the form of a greeting card.

• To begin with, make a circle in which the animal nursery is placed.

• Then, in the feeder, they depict a lying baby wrapped in a sheet.

• Grass protrudes from the cracks and over the manger.

• The next step is to add a lamb, a glow around the baby's head and the glow of the star of Bethlehem.

• You can add bells, fir twigs and a congratulatory inscription. Twigs are made from the curve from which other small branches come.

Option 2

To paint the birth of Jesus, it is not necessary to depict all the details of the event. Sometimes it is enough to show the baby in a cradle on a haystack.

• To begin with, create an elongated shape for the head. Just below its center, a horizontal line is drawn to place the eyes.

• At the right end of the line, make a slight bulge for the cheeks. Nearby they draw a brush with tiny fingers.

• Eyes are placed on the drawn horizontal line, eyelashes and eyebrows are drawn. A rounded nose is made between the eyes, and then the mouth and lips. Be sure to make curved lines at the corners for the roundness of the cheeks.

• Then they draw a light hair line and proceed to the image of the second hand, which is shown from under the blanket.

• The baby's body is lengthened and the edges of the basket are added, over which the edge of the blanket falls.

The basket can be depicted in different shapes, it all depends on the imagination of the author.

• Remove unnecessary details with an eraser.

The birth of Jesus Christ in color, step by step with a photo

What is Christmas without a Christmas den? The following figure is for more experienced writers. The Christmas action is crowned with a Star of David over the trough. The baby himself is peacefully sleeping in a basket filled with hay. Next to him are Mary and Joseph, and on the sides are sheep.

• Make ovals for all six characters participating in Christmas.

• Further, they are determined with the forms of people, angels and animals.

• Knowing where each character is located, they begin to draw the corresponding faces. The child is asleep, so his eyes are closed, and hoods are thrown over the heads of Joseph and Mary.

• They begin to draw the bodies and clothes of the heroes, as well as the curls of the sheep's wool.

• They approach the wings of an angel, as well as the halos above the heads of Mary and Joseph. They draw a blanket that is wrapped around the baby.

Figure Jesus Christ superstar, step by step from photo

The attitude to the musical "Jesus Christ Superstar" is ambiguous, because the whole production is based on rock songs. The storyline is based on the last days of Jesus' life and contains many elements of the biblical narrative: the betrayal of Judas, the arrest and crucifixion of Jesus.

Picture №1 The versatility of the greatness of Jesus

In this picture, Jesus is looking slightly to the side. He has a pensive and tired look, but a glow comes from the face of the saint.

• They begin by drawing an oval, which is divided by a vertical line for the elements of the face. Wavy strands of hair and an oblique line for the shoulders are made around the contour.

• Detail hair for more realism. Two loops are made on the left side, which will later become the ear. Then the strokes for the eyes, nose and beard are depicted.

• Continue sketching out the front hairline that surrounds part of the face. Shape the eyes, and apply a shadow to the right side.

• Mark the location of the mustache and beard, continue to detail the neck and chest area.

• In the fifth stage, the shading process begins in the area around the eyes, which will give depth and realism to the face. Repeat the same with the left eye, moving further down to the cheek. Slightly shade the area around the tip of the nose, lips and mustache. The hair lines above the forehead and the robe should also be shaded.

• Remove all guiding shapes and continue shading all over the top of the head, mustache and beard.

Drawing Christ is a request for the blessing of all thoughts and undertakings, as well as the maintenance of Christian teachings and a book containing Scripture. A strong portrait always captivates and grabs the viewer's attention. He makes us think about a great man who devoted himself entirely to serving people.

), and thus the feast of Christmas, celebrated together with the Epiphany, was celebrated in the East on January 6. The exact division of these holidays in the entire Christian Church - Western and Eastern - occurred at the end of I U - beginning of V century. As historians of the Church (M.E. Posnov, in particular) note, the feast of the Nativity of Christ was borrowed by the Eastern Church from Rome, while the feast of the Epiphany first appeared in the East, and then was already transferred to Rome. Here it is necessary to point out that the Western and Eastern Churches over time began to invest different meanings in the concept of the Epiphany, which was reflected in the choice of events of the Gospel history celebrated on this holiday. Thus, the Eastern Church was established in the celebration of the Epiphany as the Baptism of Christ - the first appearance of Jesus among the people and the establishment of the Trinity dogma - the idea of \u200b\u200bthe appearance of the persons of the Divine. In turn, the Roman Catholic Church under the Epiphany, which is also celebrated on January 6, means the appearance of the star to the Eastern Magi as the first revelation to the pagans of the appearance of the Messiah (the feast of the Three Magi, Three Kings). Baptism, however, in the event that Sunday, when it is always celebrated, does not coincide with January 6, is celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church on the first Sunday after that date.

The circumstances outlined above are extremely important for a correct understanding of the Christmas cycle of plots as it was formed in Western art. The Gospel story of the birth of Christ is, in fact, only the above words of Luke. Often, however, in Western art, the name "Nativity of Christ" also refers to scenes Adoration of the shepherds and Adoration of the Magi (in this case, we are not talking about interpretations of the plot of the birth of Christ that are not based at all on the gospel narrative, for example, the worship of Mary, the worship of kings and others - see below about these interpretations and their literary programs), while the episode Adoration of the Magi, strictly speaking, is the scene of the Epiphany. Moreover, if the pictures on the plot Birth of Christ, as a rule, also include subsequent episodes, which, in essence, form a circle of episodes of the Epiphany feast, then the scenes of this last Adoration of the Magi, The worship of kings - by no means always include the image of the actual birth of Christ.

So, we deliberately separate the plot of the birth of Christ itself, as directillustration of Luke's story, from the following plots Adoration of the Shepherds and Adoration of the Magi (Kings), as mediatedproof of the birth of Christ. Note that the combination of these subjects in painting reflected the initial confusion by the Church itself of the circumstances of the birth of Christ and his appearance, that is, the holidays of Christmas and Epiphany.

The first source from which Christian artists borrowed the basic idea of \u200b\u200bthe birth of Christ was to be the Gospel. Matthew only states the fact of birth: “Finally, She gave birth to Her firstborn Son, and he [Joseph. - A. M.] He called His name Jesus "(Matthew 1:25). It happened in Bethlehem. Luke's story is somewhat more detailed: he mentions the lack of space in the hotel, that Mary swaddled the Infant, that He was put in a manger. Luke's further account makes it clear that Joseph was present at birth (Luke 2:16). But if we compare the depictions of the birth of Christ in painting with these testimonies of the Gospel, it becomes clear that they include details that are not in the Gospel. Thus, the iconography of the Birth of Christ, while preserving what the Gospel gives, goes further in the development of external details. This includes the place where the birth of Christ took place, the manger in which the Savior was placed, the ox and the donkey at the manger, the star over the image of the scene of the birth of the Child, the position of the Mother of God, the actions of Joseph, angels and shepherds, the washing of the Child, midwives and their behavior, features architectural decoration of the stage. All of these plot details have a theological base and literary programs.

The first images of the birth of Christ date back to the era of ancient Christian sarcophagi, but date no earlier thanIV century. The scene, as a rule, is very simple: in a manger under a canopy lies a swaddled Baby, an ox and a donkey are bent over him, Mary and Joseph are present, sometimes shepherds are depicted. Often, when a star appears, as in one of the Roman sarcophagi found onVia appia, we also see three wise men (in Phrygian caps).

So, if we do not limit ourselves to the testimony of Luke, but try to identify a wider range of literary sources for the theme of the Birth of Christ, it turns out that this plot in Western art breaks up into several iconographic types that were firmly established by the Renaissance. To outline them, it is necessary to consider a number of "motives" included in this plot and find out their literary program: 1) The arrangement of the Virgin Mary (in a house [under a canopy] or in a cave); 2) Two maidservants and the washing of the Baby; 3) Adoration of the Infant; 4) Star; 5) Angels; 6) Flowers; 7) An armful of hay; 8) Shoes. Let's consider them sequentially.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE VIRGIN MARIA (IN THE HOUSE [UNDER THE CANOPY] OR IN THE CAVE)

With the determination of the place where the scene of the birth of Christ should be placed, artists have always had many problems. On the one hand, they relied on the testimony of Matthew: “And entering the house (...)” (Matthew 2: 11). Speech here at Matthew it is about the Magi who came to bow. But, strictly speaking, the Magi appeared manylater, to consider their arrival "in the house" as proof that the birth of Christ took place here. However, early painters preferredthis is how they interpreted the scene of this plot. It can be stated that in the early depictions of the birth of Christ, the action takes place under canopy,which symbolizes the house. During the Renaissance, artists depictedthe house where the Virgin Mary gave birth, in the form of a dilapidated building (shack) - shesymbolized the Old Testament, which Christ appeared to replace with the New( ).

Robert Campin. Birth of Christ (1425). Dijon. City Museum ).

The choice by the artists of a different place for the Virgin Mary giving birth - the cave -based on the mention of her by Justin Martyr in his "Dialogue with Tryphon" (II century), who saw in such a birth of Christ the fulfillment the prophecies of Isaiah; cf .: “When the performers of the Mithras Mysteries say that hewas born of a stone, and the place where they initiate believers in it is calledcave, then do not I see that they borrowed it from the words of Daniel (...) and also from the prophet Isaiah (...)? " (Justin Martyr. "Dialogue with Tryphon", 70) withisaiah's prophecy: “He will dwell in the heights; his refuge- impregnable rocks ”(Isa. 33:16). This tradition is clearly articulated in many apocriphysical texts, in particular in the Proto Gospel of Jacob (which, apparentlymu, Justin the Martyr knew), where it says: “(17) And he took Her off the donkey and said to Her: Where can I take You and hide Your shame? For the place is deserted here. (18) And he found a cave there, and brought her (...) "(Proto Gospel, 17- 18). Can indicate other literary sources of this pictorial tradition. The firstimages of the birth of Christ in a cave refer toVI - VII centuries. In a cave depicted the birth of ChristPietro Cavallinion his mosaic inchurch of the Sita Maria in Trastevere in Rome.

Pietro Cavallini. Birth of Christ (1291). Rome. Church of the Site Maria in Trust faith.

In general terms, its compositionfollows the canons of Byzantine iconography, but in pictorial forms bears the stamp of the Roman tradition. This fresco is extremely interesting in thatcombines several literary programs– testimonies of the Gospel of Luke, the Gospel of Matthew, the Proto-Gospel of James, and in addition, makeslocal - Roman - details in the interpretation of the plot. Luke has an artist borrowingshaft: 1) hotel picture– house with a tower in the foreground; inscriptionexplains: “taberna meritoria"(Lat. – rental dwelling) ("it was notplaces in the hotel ". Luke. 2: 7), 2) evangelism to the shepherds: an angel with a parcel post, onwhich text:

« Annutio uobis gaudium magnum»

(lat. - “I declare to you great joy. " Luke. 2:10).

The artist borrowed a star from Matthew, whichbrought the Magi to Bethlehem. Jacob (from the Proto Gospel) has a cave, in whom the Virgin Mary gave birth to, as well as the image of Joseph frozen in thought:“... and went to look for a midwife in the district of Bethlehem. And so I, Joseph, walkedand did not move. And he looked at the air and saw that the air was still, looked at the firmament and saw that it had stopped and the birds of the air in flight they stopped (...) ”(Proto Gospel, 18). Finally, my contribution tothe development of the program for this mosaic was introduced by Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, knownstrict patron of the early Trecento: in the foreground next to the hut and the tower shows the source of fragrant oil, which, according to legend,in Rome at the time of the birth of Christ. Above this source was placedchurch of Santa Maria in Trastevere, as evidenced by the inscription picture:

« Jam puerum jam summe pater post tempora natum / Accipimus gentium tibi quem nos esse coevum / Credimus hipcqi clei scaturire liquamina Tibrum»

(lat. - "He, the Infant and the eternal Father, as equal to us, as a contemporary, was born among us. We believe that myrrh (mercy) is poured out from here, like the waves of the Tiber").

Only to those who do not know what the khan is, that is, a hotel in the East - the kind where Joseph and Mary could have stayed - might think that the testimonies of Luke and Matthew do not agree with each other. In fact, "house" and "cave" can mean almost the same thing. The khan or caravanserai in the East was a low building, the walls in its rooms were only on three sides, and everything that happened in the room was open to the eyes of a stranger. There was also a place (yard) for cattle, and the room was separated from the yard by only a few steps. But the most interesting thing from an archaeological point of view is that the khans were built, or rather, they were attached to the numerous caves in those places. It was one whole. Thus, the attempts of artists known to us to reconcile these two testimonies, depicting the entrance to the cave and a canopy above it (Botticelli).

Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Christ (1500) London.

National Gallery.

Wed from Giotto. Birth of Christ (1304 -1306). Padua. Scrovegni Chapel ; cm. Worship of the Magi) do not so much sin against the truth.

TWO SERVANTS AND BABY WASHING

Sometimes the birth of Christ is interpreted by artists as the actual scene of childbirth (cf. THE BIRTH AND DESTINATION OF JOHN THE BAPTIST AND THE BAPTIST). In this case, two midwives are depicted (Salzburg (?) Master).

Salzburg (?) Master. Birth of Christ (c. 1400). Vein.

Gallery of Austrian Art.

We learn the details of this story from the same Proto-Gospel of Jacob: the midwife, whom Joseph found, witnessed the birth of the Savior ("Salvation was born to Israel"); she told Zelomiya (otherwise - Zelemia; in the Proto Gospel - Salome) about this: “(19) Salome, Salome, I want to tell you about a wonderful phenomenon: a virgin gave birth and kept her virginity. And Salome said: As the Lord my God lives, until I stretch out my finger and check her virginity, I believe that the virgin has given birth. (20) And as soon as Salome held out her finger, she cried out and said: Woe to my unbelief, for I dared to tempt God. And now my hand is taken away like in fire. And she fell on her knees before the Lord, saying: The Lord is the God of my fathers, remember that I am from the seed of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, do not disgrace me before the son of Israel, but show me mercy for the sake of the poor: For you know that I served You in your name Yours and from You I wanted to receive retribution. And then the Angel of the Lord appeared before her, and said to her: Salome, Salome, the Lord heeded you, raise your hand to the Baby and support Him, and salvation and joy will come for you. And Salome came up and took the Child in her arms, saying: I will worship Him, for the great king of Israel was born. And Salome was immediately healed and left the cave saved ”(Proto-Gospel of Jacob, 19-20).

The name of the second midwife, according to tradition, the one who did not doubt the divine origin of the Infant, is Zelomiya.

As for the washing of the Infant by midwives, there is no story about this either in the Apocrypha or in other monuments of ancient writing. The artists conjectured this scene based on the presence of midwives. But the child who was born without sin did not need any cleansing (washing). Moreover, he did not need the midwives themselves. Their persistent presence, however, in the paintings of the old masters can be explained by the desire to have witnesses of the miraculous birth of Christ.

Often the theme of the Adoration of the Infant (see below) is combined with the theme Two Handmaidens, as well as other plots directly adjacent to the plot of the birth of Christ, in particular the Annunciation to the Shepherds or Adoration of the Shepherds ( Kampen ). Here we recognize the maids not only by the characteristic gesture of Zelomiya's “paralyzed” hand, but also by the words inscribed on the characters' parcels. So, Zelomiya, depicted with her back to the viewer, has inscribed on the ribbon:

« Virgo peperit filium»

(lat. - "The virgin gave birth to a son")

Zelomiya has, firstly, her name and, secondly, the words:

« Credam cum probavero»

(lat. - "I will believe when I clearly present"])

The Angel speaking to Zelomiya:

« Ta, puerumet sanaberis»

(lat. - "Touch the Baby and you will be healed)

This interpretation of the theme of the Birth of Christ disappeared after it was condemned by the Council of Trent (1545-1563).

BABY WORSHIP

The cult of piety, which in various forms spread widely inXIV – Xv centuries, its roots go back to previous centuries -XII – XIII century. It grew out of the mysticism of Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 - 1153), the founder of the Bernardine order, whose core of teaching was love for the Christ Child and for Christ the Passion-bearer, as well as for the Virgin Mary. Yakov Vorraginsky in The Golden Legend often quotes Bernard. He, in his reasoning about the birth of Christ, pays special attention to the poverty of the environment in which it took place. Francis of Assisi (1181/2 - 1226) brought the cult of "holy poverty" to the limit.

The work of the Franciscan monk Giovanni de Caulibus (Pseudo-Bonaventure), in particular, his works, also influenced the development of the program for depicting the scene of the Birth of Christ as Adoration of the Child in the Late Middle Ages.Meditaciones vitae Christi"(" Reflections on the Life of Christ "), as well as Brigitte of Sweden (c. 1304 - 1373), a seer who visited Jerusalem in 1370 and managed to publish two years before her death"Relationes de vita et passione Jesu Christi et gloriosae virginis Mariae matris eius"(" Revelations about the life and passions of Jesus Christ and the glorious Virgin Mary, His Mother "). The revelations of this nun very soon became known to her contemporaries. This is confirmed by the fact that her descriptions, in particular, scenes of the Birth of Christ soon after the publication of her work, began to be reproduced in paintings that interpreted this plot as Adoration of the Infant (sometimes artists even depicted herself in the costume of the Order of the Brigittes, which she founded).

Since both texts - by Giovanni de Kaulibus and Brigitte of Sweden - related to this plot, are extremely important for understanding the details depicted by the artists, we will give them in full.

Giovanni de Caulibus (PSEUDO-BONAVENTURA)

“When the time came to give birth — it was about midnight on Christmas Day — Mary got up and leaned against the pillar that was there. Joseph was sitting next to him, saddened, probably because he could not prepare everything needed for the birth. He got up, took hay from the manger, laid it at the feet of the Virgin Mary, and turned away. At this moment, the Son of God left the womb of the Mother without causing her any pain. So He ended up in the hay at the feet of His Mother. After washing Him, She wrapped Him in Her veil and laid Him in a manger. We were told that the ox and the donkey bowed their heads over the manger in order to warm the Infant with their breath, as they understood that in such a cold a barely sheltered Infant needs warmth. The mother, however, kneeling down, prayed and offered thanks to God: I thank You, Lord and Heavenly Father, for giving Me Your Son, and I pray to You, the Eternal God, and You, the Son of the Living God and My Son. "

BRIGITTA SWEDISH

“When I appeared before the Lord's manger in Bethlehem, I saw a Virgin of extraordinary beauty (...), tightly covered with an elegant tunic, through which the virgin body was clearly visible (...). Together with her there was a kindly old man, he brought an ox and a donkey; they entered the cave and the man tied the animals to the manger. Then he went out and brought a candle to the Virgin, attached it to the wall and went out, so that at the birth of the Baby it was not there. In the meantime, the Virgin took off Her shoes, threw off the white cape that covered Her, took off the veil from her head, put it on the side of Her and remained in one tunic, with wonderful golden hair falling loose on Her shoulders. Then She took out two small pieces of linen and two pieces of wool, which She brought with Her to wrap the Infant who was destined to be born in them (...). And when everything was ready, the Virgin knelt with great respect in a praying pose and turned her back to the manger, Her face was turned to the east, and her gaze was directed to the sky. She was in ecstasy, immersed in contemplation, She was overwhelmed with admiration for divine tenderness. And standing like this in prayer, She suddenly discovered that the Baby in Her womb was moving, and suddenly She gave birth to a Son, from Whom emanated unspeakable light and brilliance, so that the sun could not compare with Him, and even more so the candle that Joseph set here, - the divine light has completely absorbed the material light. And this birth was so unexpected and instantaneous that I could neither discover nor understand through which member of her body She gave birth. I saw the Infant coming from nowhere, lying on the ground, naked and emitting light. His little body was completely clean. Then I heard the singing of the Angels, it was extraordinarily tender and beautiful. When the Virgin realized that she had already given birth to Her Baby, She immediately began to pray to Him: Her head bowed and her arms crossed over her chest. With the greatest respect and reverence, She said to Him: "Glory to Thee, My God, My Lord, My Son."

Examples of scrupulous adherence to literary sources describing the birth of Christ, and primarily the works of Giovanni and Brigitte, are paintings on the theme of Adoration of the Child by Dutch artists of the golden age of painting in this country. A classic example is Rogier van der Weyden's "Adoration of the Infant" in the triptych of the so-called "Altar of Bladelen" (otherwise called the "Middelburg Altar") (Rogier van der Weyden. Adoration of the Infant (Altar of Bladelen) (1446-1452). Berlin-Dahlem. Picture painting. gallery of the State Museum). So, here is depicted a column against which, according to Giovanni, the Virgin Mary is leaning (the column in the Adoration of the Child plot plays a double role: as a detail of Giovanni's story and as an allusion to the future sufferings of Christ when he, tied to the column, will be scourged; see. THE WHIPPING OF CHRIST... The column became one of the instruments of the Passion of the Lord; she appears in the hands of the Angels in the scenes where they carry these instruments). "The most virtuous old man", the candle, the light of which is drowned out by the wonderful glow of the Child - all this was borrowed by Rogier from Brigitte. According to her description, the artist created the image of the Virgin Mary - in a white tunic, with loose golden hair, standing in a prayer pose. Often, Jesus responds to Mary's prayer with a movement of his hand, which can be considered a blessing gesture ( ).

Unknown master from Avila. Birth of Christ (1464-1476). Madrid. Lazaro Goldenano Museum

GUIDING STAR

At first glance, the frequent images of a star in the scene of the Birth of Christ have a simple explanation: this is the star that appeared to the Magi and led them to the place of Christ's birth. Perhaps, in most cases, artists included this motif in the scene of the Birth of Christ, based on the idea that the star appeared at the moment of the birth of the Child. The adoration of the Magi with a star is such a widespread iconographic type (see. Worship of the Magi), which seemed natural to use the star in this case.

However, in this plot, the star may have a different explanation. In the Proto-Wang Lia of Jacob, which, as we have already seen, was widely used as a literary program, there is no direct reference to the star, but only the extraordinary light in the cave where Christ was born is said. And if this source was the basis for many other iconographic "motives", then it is quite reasonable to assume that it also explains the image of bright light in a cave with the help of a traditional image - a star. In this case, it would be a mistake to see in this star always and only the star of the Magi.

ANGELS

A host of angels praying and singing a song of praise is mentioned by both Giovanni and Brigitte. We see them in Rogier van der Weyden and many other artists. The number of angels can be symbolic. So, in "Adoration of the Infant" fifteen are depicted on them.

Hugo van der Goes. Altar of Portinari. (1473-1475). Florence.

Uffizi Gallery.

We find an explanation of the symbolism of this number in a contemporary and compatriot artist of the preacher of the Dominican order Alan van der Klip (Alain de la Roche, 1428 - 1475): the full cycle of prayers of the Brotherhood of the Rosary, to which this preacher belonged, contains fifteen prayers "Pater noster" ("Our Father"); alternating with a hundred and fiftyprayers " Ave Regina", They symbolize the fifteen events of the PassionChrist's. "15" is also the number of virtues: 4 "cardinal" (courage,wisdom, moderation, justice), 3 "theological" (faith, hope,love) and 7 “basic” (humility, generosity, chastity, self-contentment, self-control, calmness, hope) and 2 more - piety and repentance. In total - sixteen, but moderation and abstinence in entities are the same. In this way differentthere are only fifteen virtues. And finally, another possible explanation for the number 15: this is the number of "psalmsclimbing "(song of climbing) - psalms 119 - 133. According to their number,also depict the number of steps of the temple in the paintings "Introduction of the VirginMary into the Temple "(see the Dresden painting by Cima da Conegliano" Introduction of the VirginMary to the temple "). Another number of steps in the plot "Introduction of the Virgin Mary to the Temple "-10- symbolizes the Ten Commandments (see Ghirlandaio. History of Mary: a) Birth of Mary, b) Introduction to the Temple. Florence. Church of Santa Maria Novella. Tornabuoni Chapel)

GLORIA

Often, artists, especially Dutch ones, give the angels musesmusic instruments and notes, and if these notes reproduce realmusical works, which was also done quite often, these are hymns onlatin text from Luke:

« Gloria in Excelsis Deo et in Terra Pax Hominibus Bonae Voluntatis »

(lat. - "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, and good will in men."

Luke. 2:14)

Cm.: . Birth of Christ (1512). Naples. National Museum and Galleries of Capodimonte

Jacob Cornelis van Ostzanen. Birth of Christ (1512). Naples. National Museum and Galleries of Capodimonte

In the book that holding an angel in the foreground of the picture, a four-part hymn is recorded onthis text, all four musical parts - bass, tenor, alto and soprano - are easy to read. Angels sing this hymn on different instruments - shalmey, trumpets, psaltery; many singing and playing angels picturedbut also in the background; there are thirty-three angels in total, which corresponds to the number of years Christ lived.

The engraving "Annunciation to the Shepherds" by a Dutch master is extremely interesting from a musical point of viewXvi century by Johannes (Jan) Sadeler the Elder "Annunciation to the Shepherds" (based on the composition of Martin de Vos).The angel in the center holds a parcel with the text from the Gospel of Luke:

Ecce enim evangelizo vobis gaudium magnum quod erit omni populo quia natus est vobis hodiesalvatorqui est Christus Dominus [in civitate David]

(Lat. - Do not be afraid; I proclaim to you great joy that will be to all people: for now a Savior was born to you in the city of David, who is Christ the Lord. - Luke 2, 10-11).

The angels soaring in the sky have a nine-part motet "Gloria in excelsis» ... All musical parts are reproduced very accurately.

Johannes (Jan) Sadeler the Elder. "Annunciation to the Shepherds" (based on the composition of Martin de Vos).