History of the Golitsyn estate. Estate of the Golitsyn princes on Volkhonka Temple on the estate

The ancient estate at 14 Volkhonka Street, the façade of the main house facing Maly Znamensky Lane, belonged to the family of princes Golitsyn from the 18th century.

The ensemble of this city estate today consists of a princely mansion, the right wing and a fence with an entrance gate.

Photo 1. The main house of the estate of the princes Golitsyn

The main house, which was built during the transition of Moscow architecture from the Baroque style to classical forms, was built according to the design of the architect Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky, who is better known for his buildings in St. Petersburg.

Subsequently, the estate complex was rebuilt more than once, and since then only the massive gates, decorated with the princely coat of arms of the Golitsyn family, have survived unchanged to this day.

Photo 2. The city estate is located on Volkhonka street, 14, and its

the main entrance faces Maly Znamensky Lane, 1

The first owner of the estates from this famous family was Admiral General Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (the younger), who served in the then capital on the Neva as President of the Admiralty Collegium. This, most likely, was the reason for attracting the St. Petersburg architect to the construction.

At the time of purchase, an impressive-sized hay hut was located on this site, which was erected on the site of ancient stone chambers, which were indicated on the “Petrine Drawing” of the late sixteenth century. Most likely, the architect Chevakinsky used ancient walls during the construction of the Golitsyns’ main house.

Photo 3. Front gate of the Golitsyn estate on Volkhonka

According to the original design, the mansion was a massive volume with a height of only two floors with risalits arranged: both from the side of the main entrance and from the side of the courtyard. They were decorated in the same style and decorated with exquisite window frames, as well as panels.

The two gate pylons were connected by a main arch and decorated with rusticated blades. They ended in the form of a multi-stage attic, on which was placed the coat of arms of the princely Golitsyn family, carved from stone.

On both sides of the gate there were stone gates, the pillars of which completed the same multi-stage attics on top.

The gate and façade of the main entrance faced Maly Znamensky Lane.

Photo 3. The right wing of the estate from the front yard

It is worth noting thatplan of the Golitsyn estateon Volkhonka, 14 was typical for city estates of the first half of the 18th century: in the depths there was a mansion, removed from the “red line” of the street by a front yard (court d'honneur) with an obligatory flower garden in the center. There were two side wings on both sides.

A solid stone fence that surrounded the entire site was also mandatory. True, in the Golitsyn estate it was replaced by the end of the 19th century with forged gratings, which were located between rusticated pillars specially arranged for them.

The first floor of the side right wing has preserved to this day, from the end facing the alley, elements of baroque processing of window openings in the form of panels. The facade of the building, which overlooked the main house, was redone in the 1770s according to the design of Matvey Fedorovich Kazakov, as was the left wing, which was then radically rebuilt at the end of the nineteenth century.

Photo 4. The right wing of the estate from the side street preserves the style,

in which all the buildings were made according to the design of the architect Chevakinsky

Kazakov’s participation in the reconstruction of the house happened already under the son of Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn, also, by the way, Mikhail, and is associated with the stay of Empress Catherine II in the Mother See.

After the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Peace Treaty with Turkey, the reigning lady gathered in Moscow to hold solemn festivities. Not wanting to stop at, she turned to M.M. Golitsyn and asked the question: “... Is there a stone or wooden house in the city in which I could fit in and the yard accessories could be placed near the house... or... is it possible to whip up a wooden house somewhere?».

Naturally, Mikhail Golitsyn offered his house at 14 Volkhonka Street for living, for which he hired the architect Matvey Kazakov. The Prechistensky Palace for the Empress included the mansion of Golitsyn himself and a vast neighboring area with Dolgorukov’s house (Volkhonka, 16) and the place under the current gas station.

As for the mansion itself, the architect Kazakov preserved almost the entire volume of the Golitsyn house unchanged, only expanding one of the courtyard projections towards Volkhonki Street, and also adding mezzanines to both.

Qualitative changes occurred only in the decor of the facades of the Golitsyn estate, after which it acquired its classic forms.

In the center of the building, the six-pilaster portico of the Corinthian order, which ended with a smoothly plastered flat pediment, was especially highlighted. In its middle part, the rhythm of the pilasters was interrupted by three high window openings, and a semicircular arch was built above the middle one, located on the second level. The windows of the first floor were decorated with elegant panels.

This is what the main house of the Golitsyn estate on Volkhonka, 14 became after the implementation of the project of the architect Kazakov. From the former Baroque style, only risalits remained, but they also served to enliven the facade, creating on it a certain play of light and shadow.

The history of the house is connected with the presence in it during the war of 1812 of the headquarters of Armand Louis de Caulaincourt, a French general who, before Napoleon's attack on Russia, was the French ambassador to our country. Due to his duty, he knew Golitsyn long before these events, and, to tell the truth, this estate was not damaged only through the efforts of both, as well as Golitsyn’s servants, who defended the estate buildings from the fire.

Over the years, many celebrities have visited these walls, among whom was Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. He even intended to marry Natalya Goncharova in the owner’s house church, but in the end these celebrations took place at the Nikitsky Gate, which was the parish for the bride’s family.

The history of this house is also connected with the revolutionary events in Russia in 1905 and after 1917.

In July 1905, a congress of zemstvo and city leaders took place here, the participants of which proclaimed themselves a constituent assembly and created a kind of provisional government. In the then capital they knew about this, but did not create any special obstacles: at the very beginning of the gathering, the police came here, drew up a protocol, which is mandatory in such cases, and at the end asked everyone to disperse. The demands were not met, the police left, but the delegates dispersed after the meeting without any consequences for themselves and the country as a whole.

Golitsyn estate in Znamensky Lane(Moscow, Volkhonka St., 14, buildings 3, 4, 5 and 8) - a complex of buildings of the 18th century on Moscow Volkhonka Street, which belonged to the family of the “last Moscow nobleman” Prince S. M. Golitsyn. The surviving buildings are planned to be integrated into the museum campus of the Pushkin Museum. Pushkin.

1. History
2 Buildings
3 Links
4 Notes

Story

Only the high stone gates with wrought-iron doors and part of the right wing have retained their original architectural appearance. In 1774, the estate buildings were rebuilt and expanded according to the design of Matvey Kazakov. Part of the estate was at that time integrated into the Prechistensky Palace of Catherine II.

Prince S. M. Golitsyn Jr. in 1865 opened the Golitsyn Museum at Volkhonka, 18, where works of art brought from Italy by his father Mikhail and grandfather Alexander Golitsyn were exhibited. After 20 years, the museum had to be closed due to the financial difficulties of Prince Golitsyn.

In 1890-1892, at the request of the owner, the left wing was completed and adapted by the architect V.P. Zagorsky into furnished rooms, which were called the “Princely Courtyard”. The architectural appearance of the structure turned out to be quite prosaic - having become an apartment building, it lost its constructive and stylistic connection with the main complex of the estate. 1986-1988 building

In 1928-1929, the main house of the estate was built on two floors, as a result of which the pediment was lost.

In 2013, a competition was announced to carry out design and survey work on the object: “Comprehensive reconstruction, restoration and adaptation of the buildings of the Golitsyn city estate (Moscow, Volkhonka St., 14, buildings 3, 4, 5 and 8) into a Gallery art of Europe and America in the 19th-21st centuries.”

Building

Side facade of the right wing, facing the courtyard of the Institute

Left wing of the estate - Gallery of art from Europe and America of the 19th-20th centuries. (Volkhonka st., 14).
Central building - Institute of Philosophy RAS.
Right wing (built with the participation of architect Matvey Kazakov; 2nd half of the 18th-19th centuries, restored in 1985-1988) - Scientific departments of the museum (Archive) (Volkhonka St., 14/1, p. 8) .

Links

“Admiration of Moscow. Golitsyn estate." - author's program by Rustam Rakhmatullin (2012).

Golitsyn Estate

The ancient estate on Volkhonka, which belonged to the princes Golitsyn since the 18th century, is a witness to many cultural and historical events of the Mother See. Its ensemble consists of a main house, a courtyard wing and an entrance gate. The house, built at the turning point from Baroque to Classicism, was built according to the design of a Russian architect who worked mostly in St. Petersburg, Savva Chevakinsky, the author of the Naval Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Subsequently, the building was rebuilt several times. The impressive gate, crowned with the princely coat of arms of the Golitsyns, is the only thing that has survived to this day in its original form.

The property was bought by M. M. Golitsyn (junior), president of the Admiralty College. (This probably determined the connection between the customer of the estate and Savva Chevachinsky, who actively collaborated with the Admiralty Department.) At the time of the purchase of the plot, there was a large hay hut on it, built on the site of the stone chambers shown in the so-called “Peter’s drawing” of the late 16th century century. This hut was demolished, and during the construction of Golitsyn’s house, part of the walls of the ancient chambers may have been used. The gate has survived intact to this day. Their two pylons, connected by a smooth arch, are processed with rusticated blades and completed with a multi-stage attic, where the stone coat of arms of the Golitsyn princes was placed. They are flanked on both sides by stone gates with the same stepped finish as the gate. The gate, like the façade of the main house, faces the alley.

The estate was turned into an alley, where a massive gate still opens. The layout of the estate was typical for the first half of the 18th century: in the depths of it there was a house, separated from the red line by a front courtyard - a cour d'honneur with a flower garden in the middle; there were outbuildings on both sides of the house. The entire estate was surrounded by a fence. At first the fence was solid, made of stone, only at the end of the 19th century its remaining part was replaced with a forged lattice between rusticated pillars. The first floor of the right wing retained, on the end façade facing the alley, decorative baroque processing in the form of panels in which the windows were placed. The facade facing the main house was completely redone in the 70s of the 18th century. All that remains of the left wing is a small two-story part, which was heavily rebuilt in the second half of the 19th century.

The main house in the middle of the 18th century was a two-story massive volume with risalits, identical on both the main and courtyard facades, apparently with equally decorated complex-shaped window frames and, possibly, panels. But the house did not last long in this form - about 13 years. After the death of the owner, the estate passed to his son, also Mikhail Golitsyn. This owner is associated with a stay in the house of Empress Catherine II
Having concluded the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi Peace with Turkey, Catherine II was going to Moscow for solemn festivities. Remembering the everyday inconveniences of the Kremlin and not wanting to stay in it, on August 6, 1774, she turned in a letter to M. M. Golitsyn with the question: “... is there a stone or wooden house in the city in which I could fit in and belong to the courtyard? it could be located near the house... or... isn’t it possible to quickly build a wooden (structure) anywhere.” Naturally, M. M. Golitsyn offered his house. At the same time, under the leadership of Matvey Kazakov, a project was made for the Prechistensky Palace, which included the Golitsyn house, the Dolgorukov house (No. 16) and a large wooden part on the site of the current gas station. The houses included in the palace were connected by passages, and behind the main house there was a wooden building with a throne and ballroom, a living room and a church. Catherine II stayed in the estate for almost a year.

As for house 14, Kazakov preserved the entire volume of Golitsyn’s house, expanding only the left courtyard projection towards Volkhonka, and built mezzanines on the upper floors of both projections (their windows are still visible). A representative of the era of classicism, M. F. Kazakov endowed the facade of the house with its indispensable features: in the center there was a six-pilaster portico of the solemn Corinthian order, completed with a flat, smooth pediment. In the middle part of the portico, the rhythm of the pilasters is interrupted: three high windows with a semicircular arch above the middle window of the second, front, floor and elegant panels above the windows of the first floor are united by a wide balcony. Its graceful parapets with flowers inscribed in circles still decorate the main, eastern facade of the house. A more modest balcony is symmetrically located on the courtyard, western facade. In this way, special expressiveness was achieved in the architecture of the mansion. And the risalits remaining from the Baroque building enlivened the volume of the house and created a rich play of light and shadow on the facade.

In 1812, the estate witnessed the war with Napoleon. At that time, the headquarters of Napoleonic General Armand Louis de Caulaincourt, who served as the French ambassador to Russia before the start of the war, was located here. He was personally acquainted with Golitsyn, and during the fire it was thanks to his efforts and the efforts of Golitsyn’s servants who remained in the house that the estate and neighboring buildings were saved from the fire.

The walls of the house have seen many famous people. At one time, A.S. Pushkin also appeared at the luxurious balls held at the Golitsyn estate. At first, he was even going to get married to Natalya Goncharova in the house church of Prince Golitsyn, but in the end the wedding ceremony was arranged in the bride’s parish church at the Nikitsky Gate.

At the end of the 19th century, the left wing was converted into furnished rooms and was rented out to tenants, receiving the name “Princely Court”. Here lived A. N. Ostrovsky, prominent representatives of the leading socio-philosophical movements of that time - Westernism and Slavophilism - B. N. Chicherin and. S. Aksakov, V.I. Surikov, A.N. Scriabin and others also stayed for a long time at the “Princely Court”. E. Repin, and in the 20s of the 20th century B. L. Pasternak settled in one of the apartments.

The Golitsyns collected Western paintings from generation to generation, and part of the once famous Golitsyn Hospital Museum became part of the home collection of Prince Sergei Mikhailovich, which was then replenished by his nephew, diplomat Mikhail Alexandrovich. At that time, a free museum was located in the five main halls of the house, where rare paintings and books were exhibited. However, soon Sergei Mikhailovich (the second) became the new owner of the palace, who sold the entire artistic part of the collection to the St. Petersburg Hermitage.

Having come under the jurisdiction of the Pushkin Museum. Pushkin in the late 20th century, the building was reconstructed, today it houses the exhibition building of the Gallery of Arts of Europe and Asia of the 19th - 20th centuries.

The estate of the princes Golitsyn of the museum town of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin has changed its appearance several times over the three centuries of its history. The author of the original project was the famous St. Petersburg architect Savva Chevakinsky. In 1774, the estate was rebuilt and became the central part of the Prechistensky Palace, designed by Matvey Kazakov for Catherine II.

The walls of this house have seen many famous people. A.S. appeared at luxurious balls more than once. Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich was even going to get married to Natalya Goncharova in the house church of Prince Golitsyn, but the wedding ceremony was arranged in the Church of the Ascension of the Lord at the Nikitsky Gate. In 1877, Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky settled in the main house. Here he completed the play “The Last Victim”, wrote “Dowry”, “Heart is not a Stone”, “Talents and Admirers”. In 1885, the neighboring apartment was occupied by Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov, one of the leaders of the Slavophile movement.

In 1865, a free museum consisting of family collections was opened in five halls of the main house of the Golitsyn estate. The museum had three sections: Western European painting, sculpture and decorative arts; ancient monuments; library. The picturesque collection of the owners of the house included works by Bruegel, van Dyck, Veronese, Canaletto, Caravaggio, Perugino, Poussin, and Rembrandt. A year later, due to financial difficulties, the museum’s collection was sold to the Hermitage. After the revolution, in the late 1920s, the main house of the estate became the Communist Academy; it was built on two floors, as a result of which the pediment was lost. The impressive gate, crowned with the princely coat of arms of the Golitsyns, is the only thing that has survived to this day in its original form.

After the reconstruction is completed, the Gallery of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Art will open in the former building of the central building of the Golitsyn estate, which will exhibit works by outstanding masters of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries: Manet, Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro, Cezanne, Gauguin, van Gogh, Matisse and Fauvists, Picasso and Cubists, originating from the collections of the famous pre-revolutionary Moscow collectors S.I. Shchukin and I.A. Morozova.

The city estate is located on Volkhonka Street, 14, and its main entrance faces Maly Znamensky Lane, 1.