A soft sign in the sound scheme. Sound analysis of words in Russian: scheme

Olga Gordeeva

WHAT IS A SOUND ANALYSIS OF A WORD?

Sound analysis of a word is the definition of sounds in a word in order and their characteristics (vowel - and voiced - voiceless, soft hard)

Sound word scheme - this is a sequence of squares - symbols, laid out in the order as sounds in a word.

HOW TO PERFORM WITH A CHILD SOUND ANALYSIS OF THE WORD?

Sound Analysis performed by sequential voice selection sounds in a word and their characteristics.

Let's make sound analysis of the word DOM:

ddd-ohm - first sound D - he is a consonant, voiced, solid - let's designate it with a blue square with a bell.

d - ooo - m - second sound O - he

vowel - let's designate it with a red square.

to -mmm - third sound M - he is a consonant, voiced, solid - let's designate it with a blue square with a bell.

IN word DOM 3 sounds, 2 consonants and 1 vowel.

Consonants sounds D and M.

Vowel sound Oh.

Let's call sounds in order: D O M.

Let's write word in letters:HOUSE

SOUND ANALYSIS OF Whale

kkkk - it - first sound Кь - consonant, deaf, soft, denoted by a green square.

IN word whale 3 sounds: 2 consonants and 1 vowel. The consonants Ki and T. Vowel I. Let's call sounds in order Ki, And, T.

TIP FOR PARENTS.

Voiced letters the sounds:

M, B, D, D, N, V, F, L, R, Z, J.

Deaf letters the sounds:

P, K, X, T, F, W, S, H, Sch, Ts.

Voiced or deaf sound children determine by putting their hand on their throats. If during the recitation sound"Throat is ringing" - ringing sound... If a "Does not ring" - deaf

Always solid letters the sounds: Sh, Zh, Ts.

Always soft letters the sounds: Ш, Ч, J.

The rest of the letters can represent two sound hard and soft: T and T, P and Pb, K and K, D and D, etc.

Softness and hardness sounds children

determine by ear:

MILL - the sound is soft.

A PIECE OF CHALK - sound l solid.

CAT - sound K solid.

KIT - q sound is soft.

Parents can be controlled by the following way:

If the letter after the consonant is written A, O, U, Y, E - then it denotes a solid sound.

If the letters E, E, Yu, I are written after a consonant in a letter, then it means a soft sound.

Sounds E, Yo, Yu, I - does not happen, these are vowels denoting the softness of a consonant in writing.

Voiced consonants sounds at the end of words in speech are stunned and replaced by paired deaf: D - T, G - K, B - P, F - W, V - F, Z - S.

We write ICE - we say [SUMMER]

We write KNIFE - we say [NOSH]

We write SNOW - we say [SNACK]

The letters E, Y, Y, I, standing in word after the consonant denote accordingly sounds e, O, Y, A.

All this must be taken into account when performing sound analysis of the word.

Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he is faced with the problem when words are not pronounced the way they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to perform sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school curriculum, we will consider in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two large types: oral and written. The first, naturally, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information with the help of gestures and the simplest sounds. Then it gradually grew into words that formed one or another language. But soon there was a need to record everything that was said. So there was

In this article, we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. She deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics... Their study is included in sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our oral speech is the presence of vowels. They are so named, based on their main function - to transmit a long sound by voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, Y, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always coincide with the number of sounds. For example, the word "south" has 2 letters, but at the same time there are 3 sounds: "yuk". Alphanumeric analysis of a word should show what is different from how we write.

Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts a word is divided into:

stick - there are 2 syllables here, since it has two vowels;
catfish -1 syllable since there is only one vowel.

In addition, you need to know the features of letters such as e, e, yu, i. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:

E (th + o);
E (d + e);
Yu (y + y);
I (d + a).

This phenomenon is observed in cases where the listed sounds are used:

after soft or hard signs ( pouring, fervent);
after the vowel ( big, belt);
at the beginning of a word ( Yula, Spruce).

Very often, when performing a sound analysis of a word (the diagram is given below), children make mistakes precisely in parsing these vowels.

All the other characteristics that vowels have are quite simple. Especially those that are studied in the school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: shock or unstressed.

Consonants

Before performing a sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are much more of them than vowels. The Russian language has thirty-seven of them.

Consonants have different characteristics:

Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m - solid). Others, on the contrary: measure (m - soft).
Voicedness or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your hand to the larynx and feel it. If vibration is not felt, then he is deaf.
Pairing. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually voiced-deafness. For instance: in (sound) - f (deaf.), s (sound) - from (deaf.).
Some consonants are pronounced as if "in the nose". They received a corresponding characteristic - nasal.

How to do

Now it is possible to compose an algorithm by which the sound analysis of a word is performed. The scheme is simple:

First, divide the word into syllables.
Next, we paint the letters of which it consists, in a column.
Now we select the appropriate sound for each.
We characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
We count the number of sounds and letters.
If their number does not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

Let's give an example. Let's take the word "ceiling":

This word has three syllables: ceiling (3 vowels, therefore the corresponding number of syllables).
The letter P has a sound<П>... It is a consonant, pronounced without vibration at the larynx, and therefore deaf. It is also solid and has a pair<Б>.
The letter O has a sound<А>... It is a vowel and has no stress.
The letter T has a sound<Т>... It is a consonant, pronounced voiceless. It does not soften, and therefore is hard. In addition, it has a pair of voiced<Д>.
The letter O has a sound<А>... It is vowel and unstressed.
The letter L stands for sound<Л>... It is consonant, has no softening - hard. Pronounced with vibration at the larynx - sonorous. This sound has no pair.
The letter O has a sound<О>... It is a vowel and, in this case, stressed.
The letter K stands for sound<К>... A consonant, pronounced voiceless, has a pair of voiced<Г>, solid.
To summarize: this word has 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number is the same, no linguistic phenomena are observed.

Sound analysis of words for preschoolers is much simplified.

Children need to learn that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When teaching reading and writing skills, children get the first idea of \u200b\u200bthe difference between speaking and written speech... Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, have no sounds at all. And there are no words starting with the letter Y in Russian.

Alphanumeric analysis of the word "blizzard"

We already know how diverse the Russian language is. The sound analysis in the previous example is fairly straightforward. It is only necessary to correctly characterize each sound. But there are those in which a problem situation arises. For example, the word "blizzard". Let's execute it:

Winter storm - two vowels, which means 2 syllables ( winter storm).
The letter B has a sound<В’>... He is a consonant, softened by "b", paired - voiceless<Ф’>, sonorous.
The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
The letter Yu has two sounds<Й> and<У>since it stands after b. It is necessary to characterize both. So,<Й> - this is a consonant that is always soft and voiced, it has no pair.<У> - vowel, stressed.
The letter G is a consonant, denotes a solid sound. Has a deaf pair<К> and is voiced.
Letter<А> has the same sound<А>... It is vowel and unstressed.
Let's summarize the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called "iotated vowel". In this case, the letter U, under the influence of b, split into two sounds.

Conclusion

Sound analysis with knowledge of all characteristics is not difficult to perform. You must say the word out loud. This will help you record all sounds correctly. Then characterize them and summarize phonetic analysis... And then you are guaranteed success in this matter!

Learning to make a sound scheme of a word

Dear parents, for the children who go to grade 1, classes on drawing up the sound scheme of a word will be very useful.

Let's try to figure out how to correctly compose the sound scheme of a word or sound model the words. We can also call this type of work sound-letter parsing words or phonetic parsing.

Phonetics is a section of the science of language, in which the sounds of the language, stress, syllable are studied.

The sounds that a person utters, we call the sounds of speech. Speech sounds are formed in the speech apparatus when air is exhaled. The speech apparatus is the larynx with vocal cords, oral and nasal cavity, tongue, lips, teeth, palate.

Vowel sounds consist only of voice, exhaled air passes through the mouth freely, without encountering an obstacle. Vowel sounds can be dragged, chanted.

There are six vowel sounds in Russian: [a], [o], [y], [e], [s], [and]. Vowel sounds are percussive and unstressed.

We will designate vowel sounds in red (I took the symbols for sounds from the School of Russia program).

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When we pronounce consonants, the air meets an obstacle (lips, teeth, tongue). Some consonants consist only of noise - these are voiceless consonants. Others are made of voice and noise. These are voiced consonants.

Consonants are also classified as hard and soft.

Hard consonants are indicated in blue, soft consonants in green.

According to the School of Russia program, we denote the fusion of a vowel with a consonant by a rectangle divided obliquely by a straight line, where we paint over the consonant from below and the vowel from above.

Use colored cardstock or paper to use cards to form words. You will also need cards with an accent mark and a dividing line.

You can draw diagrams in a notebook in a large box. Better yet, combine both types of work.

Start with simple words - monosyllabic or disyllabic.

So you've made your flashcards and are ready to start.

Think about how to get the child interested.

Can you teach the Masha doll or your beloved bunny to form words?

Or will you guess riddles and make a diagram of the answer word?

Or maybe the word (card or picture) is hidden and you will play the game "cold-hot"?

It's very good if you come up with something interesting and an incentive to work appears.

Fragment of the lesson.

Guess a riddle.

Sitting grandfather dressed in a hundred fur coats.

Who undresses him

He sheds tears.

Let's sketch the word onion.

1. Divide the word into syllables.

We pronounce with clap hands - bow. This word has 1 syllable.

2. What sounds does a syllable consist of?

We pronounce l-u-k.

The first sound is [l]. This is a hard consonant sound. The second sound is [y]. This is a vowel sound. Sounds [l], [y] merge together, resulting in merging [lu]. Select the desired card - merging a solid consonant with a vowel sound.

The third sound [k] is a hard consonant. Choosing a card for a hard consonant.

3. Let's designate sounds with letters. The sound [l] is denoted by the letter “el”. The sound [y] is the letter “y”. Sound [k] - with the letter "ka".

We do not put stress in monosyllabic words. The word has one vowel sound, which means it is stressed.

According to the School of Russia program, there are no voiced or voiceless consonants. Therefore, you can show imagination and come up with your own designations for a voiced and voiceless consonant. For example, in the game “Recognize the Sound” I chose a bell to indicate a voiced consonant, and a smiley in headphones for a voiceless consonant. Pictures can be printed and used in the diagram.

You can practice characterizing the sound in the game.

A game

A tape of letters will help you characterize the sound.

The tape shows very well what sounds the letters represent.

For example, the letter “en” stands for two sounds - hard [n] and soft [n ']. Therefore, the rectangle is of two colors - blue and green. These sounds are ringing, so there is a bell on top.

All sounds in the upper row are voiced, and in the lower row are deaf.

The letter "zhe" means one sound - solid sound [w]. Therefore, the rectangle is completely blue. It is a ringing sound.

Particular attention should be paid to iotated vowels.

The letters i, e, yu, e can mean two sounds or one.

If they appear at the beginning of a word or after a vowel, they represent two sounds:

i [y'a], yo [y'o], yu [y'y], e [y'e]

After a consonant sound, they denote one sound: i [a], e [o], yu [y], e [e].

Let's outline Jan's word.

1. Divide the word into syllables.

I'm on

There are two syllables in this word.

2. The first syllable is me. This is a fusion of two sounds - [th ’], [a]. The sound [’] is a soft consonant, the sound [a] is a vowel. Choosing a card - a fusion of a soft consonant and a vowel sound.

3. We put a dividing line after the first syllable.

3. The second syllable is on. This is a fusion of two sounds - [n], [a]. The sound [n] is a solid consonant, the sound [a] is a vowel. We choose a card - a fusion of a solid consonant and a vowel sound.

4. We put stress. We find the stressed syllable. We say the whole word, highlighting the stressed syllable. Stressed syllable - first. To make the child understand that the stress is correct, try to stress the second syllable.

5. Let's designate sounds with letters.

The sounds [y'a] are denoted by one letter - the letter I.

The sound [n] is denoted by the letter “en”.

The sound [a] is denoted by the letter a.

All symbols of sounds in the article are taken from the "School of Russia" program. But for us, the most important thing is that the child learns to characterize the sound, be able to work with models. If the child has learned to characterize the sound, then it will not be difficult to replace the designation.

Sound-alphabetic analysis is needed in order to train the child to first read the words as they are written, and then ask him to read orthoepic, that is, as usual in oral speech. The sooner you start these activities with your child, the better your preschoolers will have reading and spelling skills.

To do positional analysis of words and to convey this learning and skill to preschoolers, sound analysis is needed. Determine where the sound is heard - at the beginning of a word, at the end or in the middle. The beginning of a word is considered the first sound, the end - the last. The middle of a word is not the first or the very last sound.

So that children can understand what such an analysis of a word consists of, you need to pronounce the word, highlighting, albeit slightly exaggerated, the sound we need. To make learning for preschoolers more understandable, we will give examples. In the word stork, we need to understand where the desired sound "a" is.

Sound analysis of words

Start to pronounce the word a-a-a-stork and you will understand that the sound is at the beginning of the word. In the word sha-a-a-arik "a" is in the middle of the word. Such a scheme will be simple and logical and it can help to carry out positional analysis of words and consolidate this skill in preschoolers.

Pictures and diagrams

It is very convenient to carry out sound analysis and teach him using diagrams and pictures for them. Before you start performing sound analysis, you need to understand that sounds are vowels, hard consonants and soft consonants.

In order for each child in the group of other children studying Russian to properly learn all the subtleties of analysis, it will be necessary to use pictures and diagrams. Usually this is a picture, under which empty cells are located, in which you need to schematically enter the alphanumeric analysis of the word. Often preparatory group kindergarten uses colored tokens in such tasks, which mean certain sounds.

It is permissible to use the same colored chips also in senior group... Chips can be made in the form of circles, squares or magnets, the correct use of which indicates that the child can parse words by sound analysis. This skill is extremely important when literacy occurs. Thanks to this, babies develop speech, they learn and understand Russian better.

Using a picture with parsing schemes can be used as a game, because learning to read and write should not be boring. The game can be of a competitive nature, or it can be used so that children simply hone their speech and learn Russian better. Sound synthesis is also very important as it is the process of combining sounds into words. Sound synthesis is at the heart of the reading process.

The order of parsing a word by sound

To analyze words according to sound criteria, you will need to use approximately the same scheme that all teachers use when teaching literacy. To parse a word correctly and successfully, you need:

The word selected for sound analysis must be pronounced aloud and using the correct stress. Without understanding the sound of a word by ear, you will not be able to characterize its phonetic side. Such pronunciation should be done like a game, you do not need to pronounce each letter separately, so only your speech will be distorted. Usually children perceive this exercise as playful learning. Children are taught the ability to carry out sound synthesis, with pronunciation the Russian language is better mastered and literacy is taught.
Need to write phonetic transcription... Making out the graphic sounds of words, you will need to take into account some features of the sound of sounds. For example, the letters Y, Y, E, Y do not have a separate sound. They are designated by two sounds, but in weak positions the iotated sound disappears.
Each of the words will need to be divided by the available number of syllables. Keep in mind that the number of syllables in a word will be equal to the number of vowels. Syllabic analysis must be done using phonetic transcription.
After highlighting the syllables, you will need to stress. So it will be possible to determine the main ones in a weak and strong position. If the main one is in a strong position, then it contributes to the fact that the sound will be clearer and the speech will be beautiful.
All sounds will need to be characterized. A vowel can be stressed and unstressed, a consonant can be soft, voiced, hard or voiceless.
You will need to indicate the number of sounds and the number of letters. Their number is often not the same. For example, b and b are not formed by sounds, and letters such as I, U, E, E are usually denoted by two sounds.

Phonetic analysis

Children should know that in order for speech to be beautiful, it is necessary not only to learn spelling and literacy, but also to try to make phonetic syllabic analysis and sound synthesis. The language is quite complex and children are best suited to parsing syllables, synthesis and all kinds of rules in literacy, if they are presented as an educational game.

Sounds A, O, U, Y, E indicate a solid consonant sound. A soft consonant is indicated by I, E, Yu, I, E. Studying language, speech and phonetic synthesis, children should understand that such a learning process is a kind of game, where the language is first decomposed into components and its synthesis occurs. Sounds L, M, N, R, Y - unpaired calls are consonant sounds. Х, Ц, Ч, Щ are soft consonants. B, C, D, D, F, Z - paired voiced consonants, P, F, K, T, Sh, S - paired voiceless consonants, F, Sh, Ts - hard, and Ch, Sh, Y - soft.