What does a defectologist do with a child? What is the difference between a speech therapist and a speech therapist

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What is a defectologist?

A defectologist is a specialist who is involved in the development, education and upbringing of "special" children (children with physical and mental disabilities). We're talking about child differences like latency speech development, delayed psychomotor development, mental retardation, autism, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, etc. "Special" children need increased attention parents, and specialists who work with them - a certain qualification. These children need an integrated approach to education, behavior correction, and learning. That is why the work of a defectologist is closely related to the areas of work of other specialists: psychology, medicine, pedagogy, etc. The concept of "defect" comes from the Latin word defectus, which means a flaw, a defect. In turn, the word "defectology" contains two parts ("defect" and "logic") - this is a pedagogical science that studies the features of the development, training and upbringing of abnormal children. It includes speech therapy, oligophrenopedagogy, deaf-pedagogy and typhlopedagogy. Medicine, pedagogy and psychology study children with developmental disorders. The peculiarities of the development, education and upbringing of abnormal children began to be actively studied at the beginning of the 20th century, since only timely diagnosis can help a child with disabilities develop in almost the same way as an ordinary child. Defectologist using special means, correctional work can achieve significant compensation - restoration or replacement of the child's impaired function.

What are the areas of work of a defectologist?

• Help with uneven development of HMF. (For example, memory is good, but speech lags behind in development; thinking is good, but attention is weak.)
• Development problems in a number of diseases: PEP, MMD, ZRR, ZPR, RDA, ADHD (speech disorders, insufficient attention, memory, restlessness, learning difficulties, etc.).
• School performance problems due to impaired development in preschool age.
• Helping children with mental and physical disorders.

How is the work of a defectologist organized?

The work of a defectologist is dominated by such a form of training as individual sessions... This allows you to maximize individual characteristics each child, to see only his inherent specific deviations in mental development and find effective methodological techniques to overcome and reduce them. A comprehensive examination of the development of higher mental functions is aimed at identifying the level of the child's mastery of the most important types of activity (subject, play, visual, elementary labor), the development of perception, the ability to carry out simple mental operations. Special attention is given to the analysis of the child's speech development, the establishment of its level, the identification of possible violations of sound pronunciation, the construction of logical and grammatical structures, phrasal speech.

What are the methods of work of a defectologist?

• the lesson method (looks like a regular lesson with a specific purpose)
• game method (developing, teaching, educational game lessons)
• method of monitoring achievements (includes tasks and subsequent monitoring of their implementation). It is especially good at helping children who do not know how to achieve results in learning, to overcome difficulties and their own laziness.

What are the main directions of defectology?

• speech therapy - the study of various disorders and speech defects and methods of their correction
• surdopedagogy - education and training of people with hearing impairments
• typhlopedagogy - education and training of people with visual impairments
• deaflopedagogy - education and training of deaf-blind people
• amblyology - adaptation and social rehabilitation of blind and visually impaired patients
• oligophrenopedagogy - education and training of mentally retarded people and issues of their social rehabilitation

Several mothers are talking on the set.
- My Misha does not speak at all, - one mother says sadly. - Yesterday he was four years old. Guests came, asked him about different things, and he mutters something to them in his own language. Girls, recommend good speech therapist, you are welcome. And then we already missed all the deadlines.
- No, here you just can't get by with a speech therapist, - a more experienced mother answers her. - There is already a real problem. At four years old, not saying this is very, very serious. You do not need a speech therapist, but a speech therapist-defectologist.
- What are you talking about ?! - another mom was indignant. - Why mix everything in one heap ?! Everyone must do their job! You have a serious problem and one specialist is no longer enough. I would recommend finding both a good speech therapist and a good defectologist. After all, these are different specialists.

Have you ever heard such conversations? Have you caught yourself thinking that you don't really grasp the difference between a speech therapist and a defectologist?

I'll start, perhaps, from the very beginning, namely from the institutions from which most speech therapists come, from institutes and universities.

For example, I studied at the Russian State University named after A.I. Herzen (Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen) at the faculty of correctional pedagogy. By the way, not so long ago he began to be called that. Previously, it was called much simpler - the faculty of defectology (do you already understand where I am heading?). And at this very defectological faculty they taught four specialties. Someone studied at the Department of Surdopedagogy, someone at the Department of Typhlopedagogy, someone at the Department of Oligophrenopedagogy, and someone (including myself) at the Department of Speech Therapy (I want to stop here, remember Lyudmila Vladimirovna Lopatina and mentally convey greetings to her and words of gratitude).

Well, and, accordingly, at the exit we received a deaf teacher (a specialist who teaches children with hearing impairments), a typhlopedagogue (a specialist who teaches children with visual impairments), an oligophrenopedagogue (a specialist who teaches children with intellectual disabilities) and a speech therapist (a specialist who deals with children with speech disorders).

And in general, all these specialists defectologists .

Accordingly, the choice of the teacher depends on which disorder the child has leading. If the main ones are hearing or visual impairments, then I guarantee you that "specialized" defectologists know the methods of developing the speech of their wards. There is even a saying in our midst that there is no better speech therapistthan a deaf teacher. If he can teach a hearing impaired child to speak, then what to say about children with normal hearing.

It is more difficult to decide on a child who, in addition to speech disorders, also has intellectual disabilities. It is very important here on initial stage understand what comes first. A very large percentage of children with intellectual disabilities have speech delays. And this is easy to explain. After all, speech is the highest mental function. Good developed speech indicator of well-developed thinking. Therefore, if a child has difficulties in the intellectual sphere, then his speech simply has nothing to "rely on." In this case, your defectologist is an oligophrenopedagogue.

And there are children whose psychomotor development proceeds as in a textbook, but speech development is delayed or does not start at all. In this case, your speech pathologist is a speech therapist. And you shouldn't be late with classes, since even in an intellectually safe child, the lack of speech can lead to a decrease in mental activity.

Now a little legislation
There is a single qualification reference book. So, of all that I have listed above, it contains only the specialties "speech therapist" and "defectologist". They go under the same number, separated by commas, and the requirements for them are the same. The specialties “deaf teacher”, “typhlopedagogue” and “oligophrenopedagogue” do not exist. That is, you will not find a specialist with such an entry in the work book (do not worry, you will see this entry in the diploma). All of them were united under the capacious name "defectologist". By the way, there are also speech therapists, "recorded" by defectologists (me for example). There is also no specialty “speech therapist-defectologist”. So, if someone tells you that he is a speech therapist-defectologist, it means that in front of you is a speech therapist who is tired of proving and explaining something to someone, gave up and called himself the way mothers want it (just kidding).

I hope I was able to bring some clarity to these deeply confused concepts and you will soon find your defectologist.

Our children are our hope, because the innermost dreams of every parent are associated with them. That is why mothers and fathers try to provide their beloved child with everything necessary for proper growth and development. Many parents, whose children require speech correction, are often tormented by the question: "What is the difference between a speech therapist and a speech therapist?"

Who is a defectologist and speech therapist

Defectologist has such specialization as defectology. And this is, first of all, work with mental and physical disabilities of children. The training program for defectologists includes such fundamentals as neurology and psychiatry, psychology and pedagogy. These specialists study those sciences that may be useful to them in the process of work, namely, deaf-pedagogy and oligophrenopedagogy.
Unlike a defectologist, speech therapistdeals with ordinary children, without mental retardation and disruption of the central nervous system. He works on the correct pronunciation, on the formulation of sounds and syllables.

Difference between speech pathologist and speech therapist

So, the defectologist deals with problem children who have impaired hearing or diseases of the central nervous system... A defectologist works, first of all, on the child's thinking, on his ways of knowing the world, or rather, on attention and speech perception. Unlike a speech therapist, he does not correct pronunciation defects, but only helps the baby express his thoughts. That is, in fact, defectologists do not stage speech, but only struggle with problems caused by mental disorders.
A defectologist can start working with children of one year of age, and a speech therapist begins to work with children from three years of age. The speech therapist corrects and develops speech, sets sounds and pronunciation, while the speech therapist deals with the lag in the development of the child caused by various disorders and helps the baby to learn about the world.
So, for example, a speech therapist will not teach colors with a child, he will pronounce their names, striving for correct pronunciation, while the task of the defectologist is to familiarize the baby with the flowers and learn the name of each of them. That is, in fact, a defectologist is a wide-profile specialist, while a speech therapist is responsible only for correcting speech disorders.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between a speech therapist and a speech therapist is as follows:

A defectologist works with problem and sick children, a speech therapist deals exclusively with healthy children.
A defectologist starts classes with one-year-old babies, a speech therapist starts working with children when they reach three years old.
A defectologist is a general specialist, a speech therapist is a narrow-profile specialist.