An example of a home power supply project. Household power supply
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EXAMPLE OF A PROJECT
This project was developed on the basis of the assignment of the Reserve, the design project, technical conditions for power supply and in accordance with the requirements of PUZ ed. 7, SP31-110-2003, G0ST-R-50571-94 and other regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation.
The technical solutions adopted in the working drawings comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary and hygienic, fire safety and other norms in force in the territory of the Russian Federation, and ensure safe operation of the facility for human life and health, subject to the measures provided for in the working drawings.
The supply and distribution networks of power electrical equipment are designed with NYM cable with a cross section of 3x2.5 (3x1.5 - lighting) flame retardant with low smoke and gas emission, power supply of devices that do not stop working In fire conditions (fire alarm, video surveillance), NYM-FRLS cable, fire-resistant not spreading combustion with low smoke and gas emission. Estimated wire cross-sections and rated currents of protection and switching devices are selected based on the installed power and operating modes of electrical consumers. A central switch is provided for disconnecting the lighting networks.
Section 1 . Sheets and general instructions
The main power consumers of the facility are:
. working and decorative lighting of zones;
. control panel for heating systems;
. low-current system shield
. boiler;
. television equipment (LCD panels, players, music centers, cinema);
. household loads.
The main light sources are halogen lamps built into the ceiling, chandeliers with incandescent or compact fluorescent lamps and LED backlighting (switching on through a transformer). Luminaires are designed in compliance with the requirements for the characteristics and purpose of the premises. Luminaire installation locations Performed according to the design project. The distribution networks of lighting are designed with a VVG NG LS cable with a 3x1.5 cross-section that does not propagate combustion with low smoke and gas emission, in the sauna with a PKGM cable. The maintenance of the lighting installation is carried out from ladders and ladders (fully de-energized) by qualified electrical personnel.
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1. List of working drawings of the main set |
< 2. List of reference and attached documents |
3. Symbols |
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4. General instructions |
5. General instructions (continued) |
6. General instructions (continued) |
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7. General instructions (continued) |
Section 2 . Lighting control circuit from two, three places
Perform lighting control locally with switches. Switches should be adopted as one and two-pole, install switches in rooms from the door opening side. In addition, it is possible to control the lighting of the hallway, stairs, living room and other rooms with passage switches in two directions from two or more places. Carry out the wiring diagram and connection of devices in accordance with this and the manufacturer's instructions.
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Section 3 . Plans for the location of electric lighting networks
In accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.06-85, the head of these works is responsible for the correct organization and safety of work. Electrical and fire safety in a residential building is ensured by the following measures:
. application in hidden wiring of double insulation and insulation with special properties (cables VVG NG LS, NYM-FRLS);
. the use of residual current devices;
. application of switchboard and wiring equipment and products with a high degree of protection IP44.65.
. implementation of protective grounding, potential equalization and lightning protection (if necessary).
The electrical equipment and materials used during installation must have a certificate of compliance with Russian standards.
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10. Lighting network plan |
11. Explication of premises |
12. Lighting network plan |
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13. Lighting network plan |
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Section 4 . Outlet network location plans
The installation of the distribution and group network should be performed in accordance with the electrical circuit diagram and wiring plans in compliance with the requirements of the PUZ and SNiP-III-93.
Ways of laying distribution and group networks:
. In a flexible corrugated pipe by fastening to structures (see BLO, clause 7.1.32) behind a suspended ceiling;
. Hidden in the wall scaling followed by plastering;
. In reinforced PVC hoses, intended for laying in floor screeds, in floors.
The applied wires (cables) must have insulation of at least 0.4 kV. The color of the core insulation according to GOST R 50462 "Identification of conductors by color or digital designation":
. zero working conductor - blue;
. protective (PE) conductor - two-color combination of green-yellow;
. phase wires - black, red, purple, gray, orange, turquoise.
Wires and cables must be marked; the tags at the beginning and end of the lines must indicate the brand, voltage, section, number or name of the lines.
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15. Outlet network plan |
16. Outlet network plan |
17. Outlet network plan |
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Section 5 . Power network location plans
Arrange fixtures according to plans. Mount switches / switches and sockets at the Height indicated in the design project.
. Fixtures and sockets in bathrooms and toilets should be mounted in the 3rd zone in accordance with GOST R 50571.11-96 at a distance of at least 0.6 m from bathtubs, sinks and washbasins.
. The sockets must have a degree of protection of at least IP44.
. The electrical equipment installed by the Customer in these premises must comply with the requirements of the BLS p. 7.1.47-48. 7.5
. When decorating balconies, use non-conductive materials.
. Extension of the lead-in cable is prohibited.
. Check all cable lengths locally before cutting.
. Provide free access to the board at least 0.8 m.
. Install shield is available for inspection and maintenance. The installation of the shield in the wardrobes is prohibited.
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19. Power network plan |
20. Power network plan |
21. Power network plan |
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Section 6 . Location plans for low-current networks
. The connection and branching of cables should be performed in junction and branch boxes, inside the enclosures of wiring accessories, descents to sockets, ascents to lamps, switches, perform the same cable that is hidden in the grooves.
. Switching, branching and termination of cable cores should be carried out using Wogo and Legrand terminal blocks, crimping, welding, soldering.
. The joints and branches of cables must be accessible for inspection and repair.
. The supply of cable for the connection should allow for convenient maintenance and reconnection.
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23. Information network plan |
24. Explication of premises |
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The development of energy balances is the main method of planning the energy supply of chemical enterprises.Their main purpose is to establish the required sizes and ratios in the consumption, production and receipt of various types of energy and fuel, to take into account the relationship of the enterprise's energy with its production and the energy of the region, to reflect parts of the energy economy, to determine the directions of development and rationalization of the latter in the planned period.
Organization and planning of energy supply.
Energy planning and analysis. A prerequisite for the correct planning of energy supply is the compilation of a fuel and energy balance, which determines the enterprise's need for energy resources and the sources of its coverage. The development of energy balances is the main method for planning energy supply and analyzing energy use. Energy balances establish the required amounts of consumption, production and receipt of various types of energy resources.
PLANNING THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF THE ENTERPRISE
The greatest difficulties arise in the management of energy facilities at mechanical engineering and metalworking enterprises, especially with small-scale and one-off production. At such enterprises, the nomenclature of manufactured products is systematically changed, which leads to the development of new technology, a change in the operating modes of equipment, to changes in the organization of production, etc. This complicates the solution of such problems as the organization of energy management, specialization of power shops, regulation of energy consumption, energy supply planning. and etc.
The development of energy balances is the main method for planning energy supply and analyzing energy use in industrial enterprises. In the course of compiling, analyzing energy balances and optimizing their structure, all the main tasks for accounting and planning the functioning, development and technical re-equipment of the energy sector should be solved, namely, monitoring energy use and calculating products, assessing the achieved level of energy use and determining the reserves for increasing it, determining the optimal directions, methods and sizes the use of primary, converted and secondary energy resources; transferring processes to rational types and parameters of energy carriers; substantiation of the directions of technical re-equipment of the energy supply system and schemes for the use of energy resources; feasibility study of the norms of energy resource consumption.
The planning technique for covering the needs of a chemical enterprise in various types of energy and energy carriers is based on its power supply scheme. If a part of this demand is covered from independent sources of energy supply, calculations are carried out separately for each type of energy and energy carriers without interconnection of operating modes of units of various power plants. In the presence of complex power supply schemes and combined energy production, mutual coordination of the operating modes of individual elements of the power supply system in the daily and quarterly (annual) sections is necessary. In that
One of the most urgent and widespread tasks in the development of district planning projects, design, planning and forecasting of rural energy supply is the task of optimizing fuel and energy supply to rural areas, in particular, to meet thermal needs, including the choice of optimal energy carriers by directions (thermal processes) and zones of use , as well as their distribution schemes.
ENERGY NEEDS PLANNING. POWER SUPPLY SCHEME
Goals should focus on what matters most. The most important goal of an energy enterprise is the reliability of energy supply. If you fail to achieve this goal, look for bottlenecks. They should be clearly defined and named. Fuel supply personnel work planning procedure equipment wear
Until the 1980s, American electric power companies used optimization models in planning, in which the growth of electrical loads, technical, economic and cost characteristics of energy supply sources were considered as deterministic parameters. This approach was not conducive to understanding the impact of uncertainty and risk.
The problems associated with the traditional scheduling approach began to arise in the 1970s, when electrical loads first peaked and then began to decline. As a result of the slowdown in demand growth, many large power plants under construction have become obsolete. This led to a significant increase in tariffs, which included related investment costs. Electricity consumers and environmental social movements, by their active actions, forced energy companies to consider energy efficiency issues from the consumer's point of view. Competitive pressure from large consumers, refusing in this situation from the services of energy companies and constructing energy supplies, was also important.
A progressive and completely new type of planning for domestic energy companies is the method of integrated energy resource planning (IPR), which includes a comprehensive assessment of the expected demand for energy, energy saving potential, specific energy carriers involved in the regional fuel balance, the impact of energy facilities on the environment. The IPR system is based on an integrated approach to realizing the energy saving potential both in the electric power industry and in the field of final energy consumption. The IPR method allows you to take into account and balance the interests of all participants in the energy supply process of the energy company, consumers, and the region as a whole.
The intersection of functions and control areas indicates the elementary functions of the system, for example, the regulation of energy consumption, long-term planning of modes of production and consumption of energy, operational control and regulation of the reliability of power supply, statistical accounting and analysis of losses in power plants and networks, etc.
The most important technological feature of energy production is the practical impossibility of working in a warehouse. At any given time, the production of electricity must strictly correspond to the volume of its consumption. This is associated with a variety of important consequences for the economy, organization, planning of energy production. One of them is that in order to maintain a constant correspondence between energy consumption and its production, to ensure uninterrupted energy supply to consumers in the electric power industry, reserve production capacities are needed (unlike other industries where redundancy is carried out by stocks of finished products).
In structural problems, what is sought is the economically optimal development option (within a certain calculation period) of a certain system of interconnected power plants and transport and power facilities in operation. These include the tasks of long-term planning and selection of the optimal structure of generating capacities in power systems (selection of the type, capacity and number of units of various types in developing power systems), optimal power supply schemes for cities, industrial centers and individual industrial enterprises (see Chap. 10, 11) and etc.
The indicators that serve as the basis for planning energy supply and assessing the work of energy personnel include the normal consumption of energy per unit of production (workshop, plant) and the cost of energy production or the price of its purchase.
As well as when calculating the consumption of heat and gas for cooking, technological needs of utilities and hot water supply, the need for useful heat for heating and ventilation needs of the city (village) economy for
Connecting a private house to external power grids provides for a number of activities. Without them, connection is either impossible, or it will not be secure enough, or it will cost you a pretty penny. We have already discussed the main points of the initial stage, and in this article we give recommendations on what (and in what cases) needs to be done after the owner receives the technical specification for connecting the house to the power grid.
When and why is the project needed?
It is possible to organize the power supply (ES) of a private house in different ways: according to the project or without it, by own or hired forces - it all depends on the building situation, the purpose and complexity of the object and, mainly, on the desire and degree of responsibility of the owner. In some cases, the project is necessary, in some cases, you can do without it.
For summer cottages and individual boxes of cooperative garages obtaining a "personal" technical specification is not required - it is provided for in the technical specification for the power supply of the entire cooperative. It is only necessary to agree with his management, to which of the phase conductors of the overhead line (overhead line) should be connected to balance the total loads in phases.
In the considered options, the installation of the supply single phase line (power transmission lines (power lines) and wiring inside the house can be done by yourself (if, of course, you have at least a minimum of technical knowledge), or with the assistance of a professional electrician. In this case, the installation scheme must still be thought over and sketched on paper.
Visual diagram of the power supply of a residential building
If we are talking about connecting a country house or garage to three-phase current (3 phases + "zero") - you will have to obtain permission from the local power supply organization (usually it is a distribution zone, a regional power grid). In any case: whether such a connection was made according to the project or without it, after the completion of installation work, the RES will check the fulfillment of all conditions, as well as the compliance of the parameters of devices, devices, their connection and grounding schemes, wiring cross-sections, etc. "Rules for Electrical Installations" (PUE). And only after that it will issue a permit to operate the home electrical network.
In all other cases: for residential houses of the estate type, cottages, block (interlocked) single-family houses, erected individually, power supply project is neededthe following reasons:
- without its coordination with the RES and other interested organizations, it is impossible to obtain a permit for construction and installation work (CMP) to connect the facility to the public power grid (except in cases of cooperative responsibility);
- for calculating the loads on the connected networks from the designed power consumers;
- to determine the parameters of devices for protecting networks from overloads;
- determination of volumes and cost of construction and installation works.
What should be the project?
In Belarus, the composition of the project documentation (PD) for the ES of a private residential facility is determined by class of construction complexity buildings and structures determined by STB 2331 “Buildings and structures. Classification. Basic provisions ".
The lowest in complexity is the 5th class (K-5), under which, according to clause 5.5 of STB 2331-2015, fall:
- one-apartment, as well as blocked, consisting of two apartments, residential buildings up to 7 m high;
- garden houses, outbuildings on personal, garden and summer cottages;
- temporary power supply and communication lines, including power transmission, communication and outdoor lighting supports;
- internal and on-site utility networks related to residential buildings and outbuildings of this class of complexity (note 1 to clause 5.5).
If your building is on this list, then:
- you a simplified PD will be enough for buildings and structures under construction, including projects of engineering communications related to them (in this case, an ES project);
- you it is not necessary to carry out a construction expertise the project for compliance with SNIP and Technical Safety Regulations (TR 2009/013 / ВY) .
The composition and volume of design documentation for the power supply of buildings and structures of class K-5 is recommended in Appendix E to TCP 45-1.02-295-2014 "Construction. Project documentation. Composition and content ".
Example of specification of electrical equipment, materials and products
In cases where the power line (power line) connected to the ES of the house crosses utilities or roads - it will be necessary to develop a "General plan with external networks of 0.4 kV" (this is how this drawing is usually called by the designers). This document is subject to agreement with the RES and other interested organizations.
For the attention of the customer... The master plan should be made on a large-scale basis - as a rule, on a topographic survey at a scale of 1: 500
In addition to the master plan, the project documentation is subject to approval with the owner of external power grids, containing:
- connection diagram of the projected power transmission line to the external public network;
- technical characteristics of the device for automatically disconnecting the object from the external (supply) network when the permissible design loads and short-circuit currents are exceeded;
- type and characteristics of the metering device for consumption of electricity.
One type of residual current device (RCD)
For the attention of the customer. Coordination of the project with interested organizations is the responsibility of the designer with the possible (if circumstances require) participation of the customer. If the approval is a paid service provided by the coordinating organization or its representative, then the payment is made by the customer.
How to optimize a project?
The first step when ordering an ES project is the choice of a designer, depending on the declared cost of design work, and subject to a guarantee of their high-quality performance.
Advice: It is better to entrust complex ES projects to a specialized private design organization or an individual entrepreneur, provided that they have a license to design electrical installations (state design organizations are unlikely to take on such a "trifle", and if they do, then the cost of the project will be higher than that of "private traders "). The best option is to order a project in an organization that performs turnkey power systems (design and construction installation): the cost of the project in this case will be insignificant or will not be taken into account at all.
An example of a combined set of working drawings for the internal power supply of a private residential building
The most difficult and time consuming (and, therefore, expensive) for design are cases when:
- according to the technical specifications of the energy supplying organization, to connect the object, the construction of a separate overhead or cable power transmission line passing through the built-up urban area with the intersection of engineering communications and public roads is required;
- heating, hot water supply, cooking and heating of food is provided exclusively with electricity;
- in addition to a residential building, ES of detached or interlocked auxiliary and utility buildings and structures with significant loads are needed;
- a project for an individual step-down substation is required (read more).
Basic rules for project optimization:
- Perform a house power supply project simultaneously with the development of architectural and construction and other sections (heating, water supply and sewerage, etc.). Then the designers of adjacent sections will be able to agree on the solutions and, if necessary, correct them.
- Do not trust the designer with the choice of design solutions for the development of ES! Your involvement should be in a well thought out design assignment and overseeing project execution in strict accordance with it.
- The design assignment must be carefully thought out even before the technical specification is received. Namely:
- Determine the total capacity of portable and stationary electrical receivers (taking into account the prospects for connecting additional equipment);
- Select the phase of the projected connection and input: one- or three-phase. The option with a three-phase connection will entail additional difficulties (see above);
- Give directions (if necessary):
3.3.1. By breakdown of the site facilities by construction stages (with the corresponding sequence of power plant design);
3.3.2. At the place of installation of the input (input and distribution) device - outside or inside a residential building;
3.3.3. At the place of installation of sockets for powering 380 V electrical receivers;
3.3.4. Installation of automatic residual current devices (RCDs) of stationary electrical receivers in the internal ES circuits;
3.3.5. On the minimum required composition of the ES project (taking into account the above comments).
If you are the happy owner of a private house in which there is still no light, then the question arises of how to bring electricity to the building, while not violating any instructions, and to do it with a minimum investment of time and money.
Stages of connecting a private house to the power supply
Electricity supply to a private and any other object is the inclusion of an object in the network of consumers of electrical energy. It is connected to the point of its distribution. If you decide to become a consumer, for this you need:
- conclude an agreement with an electricity supplier (PES);
- get technical specifications (TU);
- execute project documentation;
- perform construction and installation work;
- issue an admission to the operation of the facility from an electricity supplier.
Agreement with (PES)
The list of documents required to conclude a contract for the supply of electricity in a new edition in accordance with the "Rules for the use of electrical energy"
To conclude a contract, you must:
- Application addressed to the deputy. director of the PES regarding the conclusion of the relevant agreement indicating the location, full name the applicant.
- A copy of the document defining the ownership of the object or land.
- Obtain technical specifications at PES. A sample of technical specifications is presented in the APPENDIX Fig. 3 Fig. 4.
- To carry out the project "Electricity supply of a private house" in the design organization and coordinate it with the PES. A sample project is presented in the APPENDIX Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
- Provide acts of delineation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility of the parties, performed in the project "Electricity supply of a private house".
- Provide a single-line power supply diagram, made in the project "Power supply of a private house". An example of a circuit can be seen in the APPENDIX Fig.5.
- Provide information regarding metering devices (type of electricity meter, its class, electrical connection diagram, installation site, anti-vandal protection).
- Provide information about electrical installations for heating, hot water supply, a permit for their use (up to 15 kW of thermal power is issued by Energosbyt PES, over 15 kW of thermal power is issued by Oblenergo) or a certificate of their absence.
- Protocols for checking grounding and insulation of electrical wiring.
- Application addressed to the deputy. chief on those. acceptance and sealing of the meter.
- Receipt for those acceptance and sealing.
- The electricity supplier is PES (electrical network enterprise). PES is a legal entity that represents the owner of generating energy sources and (or) electrical network. On a contractual basis, PES provides electricity to consumers.
Note: If a house is being built on a site where electricity has already been supplied and where an electric meter has already been installed, then you contact the PES to increase the declared capacity, in the event that, according to calculations, you will not have enough supplied electrical power.
If you are going to build a house on a site where electricity was not previously supplied, then you need to start working with a PES from the moment you receive an architectural and construction plan. It is necessary to obtain permission to connect powerful consumers (welding machine, machine tools, etc.) required during construction, and then request an increase in power, if necessary. This way we will avoid penalties of the PES at the construction stage.
The power supply of a private house is carried out on the basis of technical specifications, (TU), an electricity supplier that supplies electricity to the area where our private facility is being built, or TU PES, energy that is beneficial for us to use.
Issuance of technical specifications
Specifications are issued on the basis of your application to the PES based on the power (kW) requested by us to consumers and the voltage level (kV).
The application must indicate:
- the name of the object of private property;
- physical adress;
- voltage value (0.23; 0.38), kV;
- type of supply voltage (single-phase, three-phase);
- the use of electricity in heating systems and water heating is required.
The power consumption for the construction period is obtained based on the total electrical power of the equipment used in the construction; for a permanent period we receive on the basis of the project "Electrical equipment and lighting at home", made taking into account the architectural, construction and design projects.
We obtain the required voltage from the technical characteristics of the electrical equipment used at your construction site and in everyday life and laid down in the project "Electrical equipment and lighting at home".
The type of input is determined by the voltage that is required for our electrical equipment, laid down in the project "Electrical equipment and lighting at home": we choose a three-phase input, if we have electrical receivers for a voltage of 380 V, if we have electrical receivers for a voltage of 220 V, but the total electrical power is large, then it is advisable for us to distribute it in phases. In other cases, we select a 220 V input.
In the application, it is necessary to indicate that we are going to use electricity for heating the house and for heating water.
Note 1: The application must be accompanied by a copy of the decision of the local authorities for the construction of a house, a copy of the general plan for the allotment of a land plot for construction, agreed with the architectural and planning service of the district or city level, or a copy of a building passport, and for a privatized plot - a copy of a state act or a certificate of ownership.
Note 2: You can get the technical specifications without the project "Electrical equipment and lighting at home", if you yourself calculate the capacity of the equipment and lighting.
The calculation of the power, which we are going to indicate in the application, you can preliminarily perform yourself.
We will draw up a list (list) of all electrical equipment that we are going to install in the house and adjacent outbuildings (electric oven, washing machine, air conditioners, electric water heaters, electric motors used in everyday life of machine tools, etc.) at this stage and with a perspective on future, indicating the power and voltage, which we will read in the passport. This statement will be useful to you in the future, when performing a project for electrical equipment, lighting and power supply. All consumers of electricity should be reflected in it. It is at this stage that you need to think about what electrical systems will be installed in the house. Such systems should include:
- indoor and outdoor lighting of the house and the surrounding area,
- air conditioning system,
- artificial supply and exhaust ventilation system,
- electric heating systems,
- "Warm floors"
- installation of an automatic control system for gates, barriers.
We may need:
- fire alarm systems,
- video surveillance,
- communications (Internet, mini-ATS),
- automatic gas and water control systems.
Everything should be reflected in the list. At this stage, there should be no trifles and miscalculations either. You can take the design project of the object to help. The largest consumers of electricity are electric heating and hot water supply. Against their background, the number of bulbs, televisions, computers, telephones is not noticeable.
Here, the criterion is the value of the declared power 10 kW 220 V.
Matching a power of more than 10 kW requires much more effort and cost. Therefore, if the power does not exceed 10 kW, then it is preferable to declare it to the maximum. If you have a capacity of, say, 9.8 kW, then it is economically unjustified to declare above 10 kW.
Note: In the APPENDIX Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, it is clearly seen: the technical conditions were issued for one object, but different capacities are indicated and which follow from this PES requirement to the customer.
Let us single out consumers for a voltage of 380 V (for example, machines, water heaters, water pumps), summing up their powers, we get the power of the power equipment P380. We will perform the same procedure with consumers for a voltage of 220 V and get P220.
You can also calculate the power required for indoor and outdoor lighting yourself up to one watt, and I advise you to do it yourself! Use the Dialux program. It can be omitted if all rooms are of standard size and do not have special requirements for them, and the issue is solved by a standard chandelier and local lamps on the walls, and if your room is classified as "special".
Note: DIALux is a lighting calculation and design program. It was developed by the German Institute for Applied Lighting Engineering. The program is provided free of charge and uses the data of lighting devices from various manufacturers, which are entered in the luminaire database, in a format supported by the Dialux software. Working with the program is intuitively simple and will not cause serious difficulties in work, so try to understand it to save on lighting design. Working with the program begins with drawing a floor plan. Then, having selected the required luminaires from the database and placing them in various places, the level of illumination of the room is checked, achieving the required result. The standardized illumination in living rooms and kitchens is 200 lux, on the street - 30 lux, in the back rooms - 75-100 lux.
We enter the number, types and power of the lamps into the list, add up and get the lighting power Rosv220 Our lighting is designed for 220 V.
The preliminary installed power has been drawn:
at a voltage of 380 V P \u003d (P220 + Rosv220) / 3 + P380;
at a voltage of 220 V P \u003d P220 + Rosv220.
Note: The average consumer-private trader is designed for a power of 5 kW 220 V. This means that the consumers of electricity in such a house are lighting, TV, refrigerator, washing machine, SV-oven and all in one copy. If there are some other consumers, then 5 kW is not enough!
The application has been drawn up, the attached documents are ready and we, with a clear conscience, go to the PES to receive technical specifications.
Development of design documentation
Calculation of power consumption can be accurately and reasonably performed by the designer in the project "Electrical equipment and lighting of a private house" already at the first stage. Moreover, you will still need to complete such a project after receiving the TU.
In this case, we need to take the list of our electrical equipment, the finally agreed architectural and construction plans of the house by floors with explications of the premises and look for a designer who will perform this calculation for us.
The designer will take for the work, depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe building, $ 150-200.
Note: Unjustifiably overpowering can lead to significant costs. Again I suggest paying attention to the APPENDIX Fig. 4 and Fig. five
After receiving an application from a consumer, the PES within two weeks issues technical specifications, in which it indicates:
- place of connection to the general electrical network;
- voltage, kV;
- coordinated load of the connected private property, kW;
- requirements for the input device, automation, isolation and overvoltage protection;
- requirements for the electricity meter;
- the need to obtain permission from the State Energy Supervision Authorities for the use of electricity for heating and hot water supply;
- validity period of these technical conditions;
- the obligatory approval of the power supply project with the PES and the local authority of the State Energy Supervision Agency;
- data on the perspective of the network development;
- recommendations for attracting a design organization and the use of standard projects;
- recommendations for organizing the operation of electrical installations.
Again I suggest paying attention to the APPENDIX Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
At the same time, the PES that issued the technical specifications is responsible for their sufficiency in ensuring the possibility of safe operation of the electrical installation of a private property connected to its networks.
We are starting to implement the project "Electrical equipment, lighting and power supply of a private house." Without the involvement of specialists, it will be quite difficult to implement and coordinate the external power supply of the house, but knowing what should be in the project, what is attached to the contract, and what the homeowner faces will help avoid many pitfalls.
Now you can return to our designer again, or contact the design organization using the recommendation of the PES, or start searching for the design organization yourself, to conclude a contract for the implementation of the project "Electrical equipment, lighting and power supply" of your private building based on technical specifications.
The qualities of the projects of the designer and design organizations will be equal, but the designer's project will cost less: $ 300-400. A good option is to use the services of a design organization that was recommended by the PES - there will be no delays or complaints in coordinating the project!
The best option for the implementation of the project is to conclude an agreement with a design firm, which will carry out not only the project, but further construction and installation work on this project.
Note:Before concluding a contract for the implementation of the project "Electrical equipment, lighting and power supply", you need to make sure that you have permission to perform design, construction and installation work. Such a permit is a license from the Ministry of Construction, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services of the country with a list of types of work permitted by this license. The license is issued on stamped paper, which indicates its number, series, validity period, the legal entity to which it was issued, and is certified by the official stamp of the head of the state architectural and construction inspection.
In the contract with the designer, we stipulate all the issues that the design solutions should have, and which we must submit for approval to the PES, namely:
If the total installed power is higher than 10 kW, then the following documents should be included in the power supply project
- calculation of the installed capacity of electrical equipment and lighting;
- scheme of input switchgear;
- calculation of the settings of fuses and circuit breakers;
- calculation of an input residual current device (RCD);
- installation of an electricity meter;
- internal wiring diagram, where it is necessary to indicate the types of wires and options for their laying;
- external power supply scheme based on the general plan;
- internal power supply scheme;
- balance of ownership delimitation;
- provide a grounding or grounding scheme;
- if necessary, explanations, instructions, notes are given.
If the received total installed power is less than 10 kW, then you can carry out a project drawing, where it is necessary to reflect:
- external power supply diagram, executed on the situational plan (general plan) and the internal power supply diagram, where the types of protective devices with the calculation and settings should be indicated. Here they indicate the cross-section and brands of wires, give the calculation of currents, the place of installation of electricity meters, the place of connection to the supply network;
- a situational plan indicating the location of electrical equipment, the place of laying cables and wires, indicating the points of connection of grounding and neutral conductors;
- a separate document is a balance of ownership delimitation, where networks belonging to different owners are highlighted in different colors;
- a specification of electrical equipment, products and materials must be provided, which indicates the quantity, type and supplier of this equipment and materials;
- if necessary, explanations, instructions, notes are given, see Fig.2;
- the power supply project (drawing-project) must be agreed with the power supply organization that issued the technical specifications and the local authority of the State Energy Supervision Authority. It is desirable for the designer to carry out the approval, and the customer controls the timing of the project and approval by the designer. Reconciliation is paid $ 10-20.
All design solutions must comply with:
- DBN V.2.5-23-2003 "Design of electrical equipment for civilian facilities";
- SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings";
- ДНАОП 0.00-1.32-01 Electrical Installation Rules. Electrical equipment of special installations ";
- DBN В2.5-28-2006 "Natural and artificial lighting"
- SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures"
- RD 34.21.122-87 "Instructions for the arrangement of lightning protection of buildings and structures"
- PUE Electrical Installation Rules: chapters 1.7, 3.1; sections 2, 6, 7.
Links to these documents must be in the project provided by the designer. An example can be seen in Figure 1.
Several important points to consider during the design process:
- The project must necessarily provide for the separation of power circuits and lighting networks. This is necessary in order to correctly select the types and brands of cables. For power networks, the cable is selected with a large cross section. You can check the correct choice of cable based on the expected loads. Nowadays, aluminum wires are practically not used for wiring, although they are cheaper than copper ones, they serve less and are very impractical in operation.
- Pay particular attention to checking the types of wires and cables laid in rooms with high humidity. These are baths, saunas, bathrooms. The insulation of these cables and wires must comply with the requirements of 413.2 GOST 30331.3 - the use of equipment of class II or with equivalent insulation. This measure of protection is used to prevent the appearance of dangerous voltage on parts of electrical equipment accessible to touch during insulation breakdown.
- When concluding a contract with a design organization, enter the item "Coordination of the project by the design organization itself and issuing you a finished project with approval", but at the same time we must remember that responsibility for the technical condition and safe operation of the wiring and electrical appliances of our house rests with you and me - the owner houses.
According to the technical conditions, the project completed by the designers, you must agree with the TPP that issued the technical conditions and the local Gosenergonadzor authority.
We carry the completed project with technical conditions to the PES. Having received a receipt for payment and paid for the approval, we will try to use our personal merits in order to shorten the waiting period for approval! The approval period is usually indicated by the PES immediately - this is usually two weeks, but no more than a month, depending on the complexity of the technical specifications, but if all the points of the technical specifications are fulfilled, then you should not worry - the documents will be returned only with approval.
Note: This article presents prices for 2009. Be careful.
ATTACHMENT
Figure 1. An example of a private house power supply project
Figure 2. An example of a private house power supply project
Figure 3. Specifications for power 4 kW
Figure 4. Specifications for power 48 kW
Figure 5. One-line diagram of power supply to the act of balance sheet
Electricity supply is a process involving the connection of an object in need of electricity consumption to the network. The supply of energy is a function of a special structure - electrical grid enterprises (PES). The conclusion of an agreement with this instance provides for the submission of an appropriate application, where it is necessary to indicate information about the applicant and the address at which the object is located. After that, you should get technical conditions in this structure and develop documentation.
Typical home power supply project... It involves the external supply of electrical energy resources to industrial institutions and residential buildings. This type of project has a number of disadvantages for the consumer:
Individual type of project development is more convenient for the consumer, as it provides for the placement of electrical wiring, a network, an electrical panel diagram and the selection of appropriate materials depending on needs. The cost of such a project is slightly higher than the price of a typical project. But the convenience it provides justifies its cost. Reasons for making a plan
Design featuresThe scheme for the flow of electricity into the house includes three parts:
The outer part provides for the provision of electricity to the personal plot - street lighting and power supply for irrigation installations. When developing the internal part of a house power supply project, the location of wiring and equipment is provided. The economic part is necessary to ensure the functioning of communication systems, as well as air conditioning.
Registration procedureThe basis for creating a project is technical specifications. They are provided by the electricity supplier. To obtain technical specifications, an application must be submitted to this organization. It should include the following points:
Now let's see how to get the required data:
In addition to the application, copies of the following documents should be attached:
A prerequisite for the development of a project for the power supply of a country house is the compilation of a list of electrical equipment located in the house and installed in household buildings. This list should indicate the power and voltage indicators of electrical appliances. You can get this information from your passport. The most significant amount of energy is required for water heating and space heating. In comparison with these factors, the consumption of electricity by household appliances is insignificant. Important! The implementation of the project requires certain professional knowledge, therefore it is recommended to contact the project company or PES. In addition, project development is an activity that requires a license. Therefore, it is not recommended to do the design yourself There are the following project components that you can provide to the organization:
The description of these features assumes information regarding the external and internal power supply plan, the location of the wires and equipment, the cross-section of the wires and the brand of the manufacturer.
Possible design variationsOriginal lighting project. Lamps in the house can be placed based on the owner's wishes. By creating such a lighting design, you can add individual features to the interior of the room and thereby create a unique interior. Heating rationalization project. At the moment, it is a well-known fact that in winter, heating costs absorb the overwhelming majority of funds for maintaining a house. Heating costs can be significantly reduced by drawing up the appropriate project documentation. There are many options for developing such a project. For example, you can install heat recovery systems, heat pumps or underfloor heating. As an option, you can also highlight the design, providing for the power supply of alarm systems, video surveillance systems, electronic locks. And if there are power outages, full or partial autonomy can be designed.
ConclusionIn order to correctly calculate the amount of electricity required for the structure, you need to draw up a project for the power supply of a country house, which will contain all the nuances of power supply. The presence of such a plan will help to avoid an emergency in the form of a power outage at home, perform a safe replacement of electrical wiring and avoid damage to hidden wiring during repair work. This design requires high qualifications and specific knowledge, as well as a license. For these reasons, for this purpose, you should contact an organization specializing in this matter. |
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