Dysgraphia: when a child writes with mistakes

When oral speech suffers, everything is clear, a speech therapist is required. When written language suffers - it takes ... what? Severe punishment for lack of diligence? Or "should you just teach better," as liberal parents say?

Sometimes it's better to teach. And sometimes - and teach, and a little bit of treatment. And in general, you will have to contact a speech therapist (yes, and with a written speech too) so that he can figure out if an ambulance speech therapy is needed. Some parents are very surprised when they are advised at school to check with a speech therapist. And they are even more surprised when a speech therapist advises to work out. And in no case use a belt and other medieval methods of influencing a person. Another speech therapist says the word - dysgraphia, which means a disorder of writing.

Dysgraphia diagnostics

By what signs can you guess that a child has dysgraphia? First of all - if he makes mistakes when writing ... let's say, strange. They are not related to breaking grammar rules. It is impossible to find rules for these errors. There are mistakes in completely innocent words, the spelling of which does not allow for ambiguity.

Instead of "house" writes "don" or "volume", instead of "for" writes "dyal", instead of "cat" - "who", instead of "came" - "sat down", "squirrel" turns into "bloka" and so Further. The child may not finish writing words, insert extra letters or skip them.

One 11-year-old boy wrote during the examination: "The girl hid in the same way." The phrase was dictated to him: "The squirrel hid in a hollow." When asked how, they say, we write prepositions, the sufferer answered correctly - "separately." He knows the rule, but in practice he cannot apply it.

But this child is not bad, not stupid, he is very nice. It's just hard for him to write. Only special exercises and self-confidence can help.

Dysgraphics often have very poor handwriting - small or very large, illegible. It is difficult for a child to observe the line, words drive into the fields, on top of each other, slide off the line or suddenly fly over it, the word is free birds. Also, young dysgraphs do not finish the endings. They can write in a mirror image, turning the letters over, they may not add individual elements of the letter or add unnecessary ones.

When a child is just learning to write, he may still have such strange mistakes at the very beginning of learning, but they quickly fade away. And dysgraphics is very slow to master the correct writing. One gets the feeling that he is uncomfortable with writing, he does not like to do it. And indeed it is. Often the volume of what needs to be learned, read, and written is scary to the student. And when they are also scolded for failures, their hands are completely discarded.

Dysgraphia treatment

Better not to try to deal with all the problems at once. You have to choose one - and focus on it. For example, a child confuses b-p, d-t, and also confuses prepositions with prefixes. If you take on everything right away, the amount of work can be daunting. But if you try to cope with only bp, and then draw the attention of the schoolboy, that, they say, there are fewer mistakes, then you can wake up enthusiasm. And then the fight for universal literacy will go much more fun.

A speech therapist in a polyclinic will be able, upon a timely visit (at three years old, at five years old and in front of the school itself), to determine if there are speech therapy problems, which will then come back to haunt, if necessary, will advise special classes. A neuropsychologist and neuropathologist can join a speech therapist.

Often at the reception I have to see very sad children. They frown when they are asked to write a dictation, they immediately admit that they "study badly." Then, to cheer them up, I begin to remember various famous people who were also not friendly with writing and reading. Maybe a modern child will not be interested to know that Sergei Rachmaninov, Nikola Tesla, Albert Einstein, most likely, were also dysgraphics, but I think almost any boy will be touched by the information that the great Neo, the winner of the scary Smith agents from The Matrix ", also had a hard time coping with letters and words in childhood. Well, rather, the actor Keanu Reeves. I usually tell girls about Agatha Christie. Despite the fact that the creator Poirot and Miss Marple studied poorly and wrote with mistakes, she became a famous writer. The main thing is to believe in yourself.

Briefly about the main thing

Dysgraphia is a specific and persistent violation of the writing process, caused by deviations from the norm in the activity of those analyzers and mental processes that provide writing.

The disorder occurs in both children and adults. In children, the defeat or underdevelopment of the corresponding parts of the cortex is most often associated with the pathology of pregnancy or childbirth in the mother, trauma.

Symptoms: specific and repetitive mistakes in writing, not related to ignorance of grammar rules. The peculiarity of these errors is as follows: they are allowed where the spelling of words does not seem to cause any difficulties.

Five types of dysgraphia

1. Articulatory-acoustic form of dysgraphia

The child writes as he hears. If all sounds are not delivered by the school period, problems with writing may arise.

For example, a child replaces "p" with "l" in oral speech. And he writes instead of "rum" - "scrap", instead of "gunpowder" - "polokh". Or, if the sound is completely absent in speech, it can be skipped altogether. For example, write "koshun" instead of "kite".

2. Acoustic form of dysgraphia

The child can pronounce all sounds cleanly, but at the same time replaces the letters denoting phonetically similar sounds. In the letter, pairs of letters d-t, b-p, zh-sh, v-f, g-k or s-sh, z-z, h-sh, h-t, c-t, c-s are most often mixed ...

3. Dysgraphia on the basis of violation of language analysis and synthesis

Most often occurs in children with writing impairments. With this form of dysgraphia, children skip letters and syllables, rearrange them, do not add words, write prepositions together or separately prefixes. Sometimes you can find such a violation as contamination: when syllables from different words are found in a word. For example, "crabs" are crab sticks.

4. Agrammatic dysgraphia

As the name implies, it is associated with the underdevelopment of the grammatical structure of speech. There are no grammar rules for such a child. Harmonization of nouns and adjectives, nouns and verbs suffers ("Masha fled", "blue coat").

5. Optical dysgraphia

The elements that form the letters are few in number: mainly sticks, circles, hooks ... But they are combined in different ways in space, forming different letters. But for a child who has insufficiently formed visual-spatial representations, visual analysis and synthesis, it is difficult to grasp the differences between the letters. Either he will add an extra stick to t, or he will not add a hook to w.

If the child does not catch the subtle differences between the letters, then this will certainly lead to difficulties in mastering the outline of the letters and to their incorrect depiction in writing.

Forewarned - almost forearmed

It is better to prevent dysgraphia at an early age, without waiting for problems in the second or third grade, and the child will have an aversion to learning. You should look at both the child, closely observe the process of mastering written speech:

if the child attended a speech therapy kindergarten;
if there was a delay in speech development in 2-3 years;
if the child has problems with memory and attention;
if the child left-handed or a retrained left-hander;
if the child has had head injuries;
if by the age of seven the violations of sound pronunciation have not been corrected.

Discussion

OK! All clear!. Tell me, is it possible to correct these violations at the age of 10? Just answer yes or no. There is no need to ask and ask questions, why haven't you studied before and what else is it !!!

Hello Larisa111!
I really want your article, my son suffers from dysgraphia, at school they completely showered with deuces and the gap is not visible.

There are good notebooks and albums for dysgraphia correction
ID "Litera", "GNOM I D", etc.
"Young clever men and clever girls" O. Kholodov (Informatics, logic, mathematics - 1st grade) - are also very good aphids for training spelling vigilance, phonemic hearing (dictation according to the manual).

I can’t say that I “finished” with dysgraphia 100%, but there are some successes. No longer confuses letters. Errors usually appear due to haste, due to carelessness. Now we are fighting for handwriting, so that letters can be written quickly, but at the same time they remain understandable and more or less accurate. And in other subjects, you constantly need to additionally explain, "pull up", train spelling, solving problems and examples in a column ... Based on my experience (I am just a mother, not a specialist, experience - only my son with dysgraphia and books from the Internet) wrote an article HOW we fought with her, WHAT exercises we did. Anyone interested?

To defeat dysgraphia requires a lot of time, a lot of patience, exercises to train spelling vigilance and phonemic hearing.

09.10.2012 11:34:00, Larisa111

To study with a teacher additionally, if the child is in the third grade, and in the fifth grade too. At home, writing more little dictations and reading more - this develops visual memory.

Sorry, I did not rate the usefulness correctly. I accidentally poked one apple, but I wanted 5. The article is useful, it inspires hope.

And we were engaged with a speech therapist and knows the rules inside and out, but cannot write. We are 13 years old, I don't know what to do - tears ...

And if it's too late - and the child in the third grade skips syllables - go to the speech therapist again, what should the children who are already schoolchildren do? have general recommendations? read more?

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