Contraindications for dental implantation. What is a dental implant, indications for implantation

As you know, one of the most convenient, aesthetically attractive and sometimes even indispensable methods of restoring teeth is implantation. As part of this operation, an artificial “root” made of titanium is installed in the jaw bone tissue. Dental implants are used to support crowns or dentures, whether they are removable or not.

Like any surgical medical intervention, dental implantation has indications and contraindications. The question of the possibility of performing a dental implant operation is decided by the dentist on the basis of a carefully conducted medical examination of the patient.

The following classification of contraindications for implantation is distinguished:

1. Absolute contraindications.
2. Relative.
3. Are common.
4. Local.
5. Temporary.

Among the absolute contraindications are:

• blood diseases;
• diseases of the hematopoietic organs;
• disorders of the central nervous system;
• tumors;
• immunopathological conditions;
• diseases connective tissue;
• tuberculosis;
• mucosal diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, pemphigus, etc.;
• diabetes, not amenable to correction with drugs;
• bruxism, nocturnal grinding of teeth associated with hypertonicity of masticatory muscles;
• rheumatoid arthritis, endocarditis.

Relative contraindications to dental implantation are:

• unsatisfactory level of compliance with the rules of oral hygiene;
• inflammation of the gums;
• pathological bites;
• marginal periodontitis, that is, inflammation of tissues, surrounding teeth;
• diseases of the temporomandibular joint;
• defect bone tissue alveolar process;
• pregnancy;
• the patient's age is up to 16 years;
• such bad habits as alcoholism, drug addiction and even smoking.

General contraindications for implant placement include the following:

• general surgical grounds for refusing intervention of any kind;
• contraindications to the implementation of analgesic measures;
• mental disorders;
• the passage of certain types of treatment that can adversely affect the healing process and the safety of the implant, on the surrounding tissues of the implant;
• being under stress for a long period of time;
• general depletion of the body;
• lack of proper level of compliance with the rules of oral hygiene.

Local contraindications for dental implantation:

• the propensity of a particular patient to non-compliance with the rules of oral hygiene;
• unsatisfactory state of the bone tissue structure or its insufficient amount;
• unfavorable distance to the nasal, maxillary sinuses;

There are also such temporary contraindications as:

• stage of rehabilitation;
• acute stage of any disease;
• pregnancy;
• condition after irradiation procedures;
• drug addiction;
• peculiarities professional activity: traumatic, extreme sports, heavy physical activity.

If the patient has a desire to install an implant, all contraindications for implantation of teeth, except for absolute ones, can be overcome. The joint efforts of the doctor and the patient are able to bring the state of the body as a whole and the oral cavity in particular back to normal, eliminate relative contraindications and get a remote favorable prognosis for successful dental implant surgery.

Enough fast treatment the presence of foci of infection in the oral cavity, the unsatisfactory state of oral hygiene, periodontal disease, smoking, etc. lends itself. In these matters, much depends on the patient and his willingness to solve the existing problems that prevent dental implantation. There is no need to be afraid of difficulties along the way, the main thing is the willingness to overcome them.

The main thing is that contraindications for implantation should be identified at the stage of preparation for surgery, since otherwise the risk of unwanted complications increases significantly. Therefore, the preoperative examination should be thorough, and the preliminary examination oral cavity- detailed. An experienced dentist will find contraindications and develop ways to eliminate those that are treatable.

Contraindications for dental implants oncological, immune, cardiovascular and other diseases. In this regard, before carrying out the procedure, it is advisable to undergo full examination organism.

Contraindications for dental implants

TO contraindications dental implants are many diseases. Some of them require separate consideration.

With periodontal disease

Periodontitis - common disease oral cavity, which is accompanied by tooth mobility and their subsequent loss ( periodontitis).

Besides heavy bleeding from the gums and strong mobility of dental units, there is a discharge pus from dental pockets pain and burning in the gums volume reduction jaw bone and strong bad smell from mouth.

Is it possible to do implantation with periodontal disease?

Unfortunately, periodontal disease in almost all cases leads to to tooth and bone loss. Removing units which cannot be saved, and the subsequent implantation of implants is considered by dentists appropriate tactics treatment for periodontal disease.

Since in periodontal disease, unlike periodontitis, there is no inflammatory process, then no need prepare the oral cavity in a special way for the implantation of dental implants. Most of doctors remove teeth and put dental implants behind once. It helps quickly return habitual load on tissues and stop destruction bone tissue and alveolar processes.

Important! Partial or complete removable prosthetics after tooth extraction for periodontal disease not prevent bone tissue to atrophy further. Moreover, such prostheses can will aggravate the situation.

If bone tissue not enough for the introduction of pins into the jaw, first carry out sinus lift.

Even with periodontal disease and periodontitis, the installed dental implants can serve a person for about 25 years, if it will be right the scheme of dental implantation was selected and implemented.

Photo 1. Elimination of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. As soon as periodontal disease goes into remission, you can proceed to implantation.

Restoration of the dentition in periodontitis or periodontitis consists of the following stages:

• Training. This is a very important step, as it helps to minimize the occurrence of complications during and after dental implantation. The preliminary program includes all kinds of measures for the treatment of the disease. The treatment plan is drawn up individually. If the dentist wants to save a group of teeth, he will include professional tartar cleaning, therapeutic, surgical and orthopedic measures in the program. If the teeth cannot be saved, he will remove them.
• Choice of implant scheme.
• Implantation.
• Installation of a prosthesis on implants.

Important! In the area of ​​implantation of pins must not be inflammatory process.

With complete edentulous

With complete adentia, dental implantation is the most effective method restore the ability to chew food with high quality, speak and smile without fear that the prosthesis will fall out, and the shape of the face will change.

Do not perform implantation in this case only when serious cardiovascular, immune, mental, pulmonary, hepatic and kidney disease, as well as with allergies on metal and anesthesia. If this ignore, the course of ailments can only intensify after dental implants.

For thyroid diseases

For various diseases thyroid gland there is a violation in the structures of bone tissue. The level of mineralization decreases and its restructuring increases with an excess thyroid hormone.

If the hormone, on the contrary, lacks, restructuring processes oppressed. In both cases, this fraught with rapid rejection metal screws.

For rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a serious autoimmune disease that affects the dental units in the following ways:

• causes deformation heads of the temporo-inferior joint;
• promotes education cysts and interdental gaps;
• starts the process bone destruction;
• causes pain and disturbance in work parotid glands;
• promotes disocclusion dentition;
• provokes an inflammatory process in the trigeminal nerve.

Implantation for this disease possible, but after passing a series of analysis, which will determine degree of engraftment implants. This degree already depends on the state immune system. The healing process can take from 3 to 9 months depending on whether it is the lower or upper jaw. At the last osseointegration lasts longer.

The procedure will be undertaken with the following conditions:

• more bone not destroyed;
• length bone structures from the beginning of the gums to the bottom of the maxillary sinus is at least 4 cm;
• missing serious illnesses that are considered absolute contraindications.

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Smokers

Smoking extremely negative affects the healing process after surgery with implants. Inhaled hot air leads to burn oral tissues and increases risk of developing peri-implantitis.

And also from smoking, the membranes of the oral cavity become dry, which leads to reproduction pathogenic bacteria, and inflammation of the gums is fraught with rejection. Nicotine negatively affects blood vessels- they experience spasm. As a result, nutrients do not enter the tissues - the healing process drags on.

Reference! Statistics show that the frequency of implant rejection in smokers twice as high. However, the risk of developing peri-implantitis is high. However, this does not mean that smoking and implantation completely incompatible.

With bone atrophy

Full edentulous and the subsequent wearing of a conventional removable prosthesis leads to destruction bone tissue and its atrophy. If the bone is much smaller than the implant itself, the latter will be easy to fix impossible. The long implant tip will be "pierce" maxillary sinus or ternary nerve, and thick split narrow bone.

To implant implants, it is necessary to carry out sinus lift(restoration of bone structures). In case of insufficient bone volume, the method of implantation with immediate load. After implantation of the implant, a light metal-plastic prosthesis is immediately fixed on it. Thus, the usual load again begins to flow to the bone - activated metabolic processes, through which rapid natural extension bone tissue around the implant.

Photo 2. Sinus lift - a type of bone grafting, which is performed before implantation of teeth, if the thickness of the bone tissue is insufficient to implant the prosthesis.

Possible complications when installing dental implants

After the introduction of metal pins into the jaw, such complications:

• Pain at injection sites: appear when the anesthesia wears off. The syndrome goes through 3-4 days, this is considered a natural reaction of the body to the presence of foreign bodies.
• Bleeding. Blood may be released from the tissues around the pins during 2-3 days.
• Edema: occurs immediately after the introduction of the pins and may persist for several more days, that is, in the healing process. Ice or something cold will help reduce it.
• Divergence of seams. A rather rare complication because dentists use very strong threads during implantation. The discrepancy may be due to mechanical damage or inflammatory process.
• Heat . This is also the normal state of the body after implantation, but only during 2-3 days. If body temperature stays higher 37 degrees on the fourth day it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
• Reimplantitis- a serious condition that manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the gums around the implants. It can occur due to non-compliance with the rules of hygiene - the infection enters the mouth and spreads in the weakest tissues at the moment.
• Implant rejection. May occur due to lack of proper oral care, improper installation of units, or individual features organism.

Photo 3. Placement of dental implants. Metal pins enter the gum and jaw bone.

What are the contraindications and restrictions after the procedure

During first 14 days after the procedure important to follow so rules:

• Refuse from cigarettes, alcohol, spicy and hot foods.
• Dishes should be semi-liquid and finely divided in order to reduce the load on the implants as much as possible.
• Do not practice sports, to avoid stress, so that the blood does not rush sharply to the head.
• Refuse from flying in an airplane and don't climb to high points.
• Do not go in swimming pools, baths and saunas.
• Nothing don't spit and not to drink nothing through a straw.
• Instead of rinsing, apply antiseptic solutions.
• sleep on high pillow.
• When brushing your teeth don't touch brush to the area with implants. It is treated with a swab dipped in saline solution. On the second day oral baths are already used.

33.2. INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR DENTAL IMPLANTATION. CHOICE OF IMPLANT DESIGN

Testimony to dental implantation are:

Partial defects in the dentition in the frontal or end sections;

Complete absence of teeth in patients without atrophy and with atrophy of the alveolar processes of the jaws;

Persons who cannot use removable dentures (increased gag reflex, allergic reactions to plastics, congenital and acquired jaw deformities).

Dental implantation is performed in young and middle-aged people. However, in elderly patients, with good general condition and the absence of contraindications, it is also possible to perform it.

Contraindications for dental implantation can be absolute and relative, general and local.

Absolute contraindications are:

Chronic somatic diseases of the body (tuberculosis, collagen autoimmune diseases - rheumatoid arthritis or Sjögren's syndrome, etc.);

Severe diseases of the cardiovascular system;

Endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus, toxic goiter, dysfunction of the pituitary or adrenal glands, etc.);

Diseases of the skeletal system (dysplasia, osteodystrophy, osteoporosis);

Systemic connective tissue diseases (lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, etc.);

Diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs (leukemia, agranulocytosis, coagulopathy, anemia, etc.);

Mental illness (psychosis, neurosis, etc.);

Radiation sickness;

chronic alcoholism;

Addiction;

The presence of malignant tumors (inoperable tumors, chemotherapy treatment, high doses of radiation therapy).

Relative general contraindications :

Diseases associated with a lack of intake of vitamins in the body (avitaminosis);

respiratory diseases;

Specific diseases (syphilis, actinomycosis);

Preoperative radiation therapy of malignant tumors at their early stages of development in organs and tissues located far from the maxillofacial region;

Dysproteinemia due to inadequate protein nutrition;

Dysmenorrhea;

Pregnancy;

Infectious diseases;

During the period of deterioration of the general condition of the body, due to various reasons (increased blood pressure, etc.);

Exacerbations of the chronic course of inflammatory diseases in various organs and tissues;

Absolute local contraindications for dental implantation can serve:

Malignant tumors of soft tissues and bones of the facial skeleton;

Benign tumors and tumor-like formations (dysplasia) of the jaws;

Radiation necrosis of the jaws (osteoradionecrosis);

The presence of precancerous diseases of the red border of the lips or the mucous membrane of the oral cavity;

The presence of clinical symptoms of metal intolerance (applies to metal structures of implants);

Severe form of generalized periodontitis and periodontal disease;

Idiopathic diseases with progressive damage (lysis) of periodontal tissues (Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, etc.);

Systemic connective tissue diseases with their manifestation in the maxillofacial region;

Low hygienic culture of the patient or his unwillingness to maintain high oral hygiene.

Relative local contraindications :

Exacerbation of chronic (periodontitis, periostitis, etc.) and the presence of acute (abscess, phlegmon, etc.) inflammatory processes in soft tissues and jaws;

Destructive processes in the jaws of non-tumor origin (osteomyelitis, cysts), provided that filling of postoperative bone defects with osteoplastic materials (bioinert or bioactive ceramics, etc.) is included in the complex of their treatment;

Gingivitis, stomatitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis;

When treating diseases of the peripheral nervous system (neuralgia, neuritis, etc.);

Diseases of the temporomandibular joint (arthritis, arthrosis, dysfunction);

Pathological bite;

Poor oral hygiene.

Of course, this short list cannot take into account all possible diseases and conditions that can cause complications during dental implantation. Therefore, the doctor needs to be especially careful and thoughtful when preoperatively examining the patient and choosing him for dental implant surgery.

After making a positive decision on dental implantation, the doctor needs to justify the choice of material and design of the implant. The design of the implant is selected based on the topographic and anatomical features of the patient's dentition and jaws. In frontal section cylindrical implants are used, and in distal- plate and cylindrical implants.

According to G.M. Weiss (1992) the choice of implant design also depends on type of alveolar process of the jaw. At wide alveolar process both cylindrical and plate implant designs can be used. If alveolar process of medium width, This is the advantage of plate implants over cylindrical ones. At narrow alveolar process not endosseous, but subperiosteal implantation is shown.

According to K.P. Konstantin (1997) when implanting, it is necessary to take into account thickness of the mucoperiosteal flap, located along the crest of the alveolar process of the jaw, the width of its bone and size of loops-lacunae of cancellous bone at the intended injection sites. The author noted that in patients with a thickness of the mucoperiosteal flap located along the crest of the alveolar process of the jaw of 1-5 mm and a width of its bone part of 3.5-5.5 mm, X-ray revealed medium looped(1-2 mm) spongy bone. With a thick (5 mm or more) mucoperiosteal flap along the crest of the alveolar process and narrow (up to 3.5 mm) of its bone part - small-looped(up to 1 mm), and with a thin (up to 1 mm) mucoperiosteal flap of the alveolar ridge and a wide (more than 5.5 mm) of its bone part - large-looped(more than 2 mm) spongy bone structure (Fig. 33.2.1).

Rice. 33.2.1. Large - (a), medium - (b) and small-loop (c) structure of the bone tissue of the jaw at the site of the planned implant insertion (according to K.P. Konstantin).

1 - almost the entire thickness of the jaw consists of a homogeneous compact bone;

2 - a thick layer of compact bone, placed around a dense trabecular bone;

3 - a thin layer of compact bone covers dense trabecular bone;

4 - a thin layer of compact bone surrounds loose trabecular bone.

V.P. Protasevich (1998) believes that three main types should be distinguished architectonics jaw bones:

Type I - bone of increased density. The spongy layer is thin and is represented by powerful trabeculae. The ratio of compact and spongy layers can be expressed in a ratio of 2:1;

Type II - bone of medium density. The spongy layer is represented by a well-developed network of strong trabeculae and is surrounded by a compact layer of bone 2–3 mm thick. The ratio of compact and spongy layers is 1:1;

Type III - the spongy layer is represented by a few thin trabeculae and is surrounded by a compact layer, the thickness of which does not exceed 1 mm. The ratio of compact and spongy layers is less than 0.5: 1. This type of architectonics corresponds to the state of regional osteoporosis.

With the structure of the jaw bone tissue, which corresponds to types I and II, the author prefers screw and cylindrical implants, because. with these types of architectonics, there are conditions for achieving osseointegration.

According to R.A. Levandovsky (1996), the implant should be of such thickness that after its introduction into the alveolar process of the jaw, the thickness bone walls should not be less than the thickness of the implant itself. That is, the thickness of the implant should be no more than 1/3 of the width of the alveolar process of the jaw.

Indications

At the moment, implantation is the most progressive method of restoring teeth. According to international statistics, the reliability and efficiency of the installed structures is several times higher than the results of well-known orthopedic procedures. But, doctors all over the world strictly warn that dental implantation, like any other operation, cannot be performed without certain indications, which include:

1. Single defect of the dentition. With such a diagnosis, doctors simply will not allow healthy teeth that are next to the patient to “disappear”.
2. Limited defects in the dentition. In the absence of not one, but several teeth in a row, the dentist will be forced to resort to restoring them using any of the types of implants.
3. End defects of the dentition. The absence of final teeth practically excludes the possibility of using classical methods of prosthetics, since most of them require a “support” in the form of an adjacent tooth to establish a prosthesis. Implants are easily installed anywhere in the dentition.
4. Complete absence of teeth. Such a defect can be included in the list of indications for implantation only if the patient is not mentally prepared to remove the prosthesis from the mouth.
5. Denture intolerance. With the complete rejection by the human body of acrylates, which are the basis removable dentures, the establishment of an implant remains the only way to restore teeth.

The absence of one tooth is a clear indication for implantation

The main advantage of implantation over prosthetics is that there is no need to grind teeth and remove nerves.

Contraindications

Most people, deciding on dental implantation, are guided only by their desire, forgetting that this is a full-fledged operation that has both indications and contraindications. The main indications were mentioned earlier, now it is worth remembering the groups of contraindications for dental implantation.

Dental implants have many contraindications

Absolute contraindications

• heart disease;
• disruption of the endocrine system (for example, diabetes mellitus);
• diseases of the peripheral and central nervous systems;
• the presence of tumors;
• poor blood clotting;
• kidney failure;
• allergy to the components of painkillers;
• chronic drug addiction or alcoholism.
• pathology of the immune system;
• too young age (implants are installed for people who have reached the age of 22);
• bone disease (solved by bone augmentation or sinus lift);
• mental deviations (neurosis, schizophrenia, psychosis, dementia, paranoia).

Relative contraindications

They indicate the need to take certain measures in order to eliminate the risk of an unsuccessful procedure. This group of contraindications includes:

• diseases of the endocrine system;
• the presence of other implants in the body;
• severe stress;
• poor nutrition;
• the presence of venereal diseases.

It should be noted that such contraindications do not exclude the possibility of installing dental implants, however, they emphasize the need for certain preparation for the procedure (treatment chronic diseases, psychological consultations, enhanced nutrition).

Local contraindications

They suggest pathologies and diseases of the oral cavity and teeth that require prior elimination. So, dental implants should not be installed if the patient:

• insufficient amount of bone tissue;
• increased abrasion of teeth;
• malocclusion;
• jaw defects;
• low level of oral hygiene.

General contraindications

This group consists of prohibitions that can be divided into two parts: those that completely exclude the possibility of installing dental implants and those that can be eliminated over a certain period of time:

• intolerance to anesthesia;
• diseases of systems and organs that may be affected by implantation;
• the use of certain types of drugs (for example, antidepressants);
• disorders of the nervous system;
• depletion of the body;
• severe stress;
• poor oral health.

Possible Complications

In order to prevent complications after implantation, it is important to monitor oral hygiene and follow the recommendations of the attending physician.

Despite the fact that the procedure of dental implantation is not among the dangerous surgical operations, it can lead to various complications, such as:

1. Painful Syndrome. It should be attributed to a completely normal reaction of the body to the presence foreign body. Often, pain appears immediately after the anesthesia wears off and should disappear 3-4 days after the procedure.
2. Edema. It may appear immediately after implantation and last for several more days. Cold ice can significantly shorten the healing process.
3. Bleeding. Weak bleeding around the implant for 2-3 days should not cause any concern, as it is a completely understandable reaction of the body to surgical intervention. If the blood does not stop oozing on the 4th day, you should immediately consult a doctor.
4. Heat. It can last 2-3 days without causing discomfort to the patient. However, the presence elevated temperature(over 37) for more than 4 days, is an anomaly and requires seeking medical help.
5. discrepancy seams. This phenomenon can be attributed to extremely rare, since doctors use very strong threads during implantation. It may indicate both the onset of inflammatory processes, and mechanical damage.
6. Reimplantitis. This is the name of inflammation of the tissues around the implant, which is a serious complication. It can occur due to an infection in the wound around the artificial tooth or a banal non-compliance with hygiene rules.

In most cases, implants do not take root in human body not at all due to insufficient qualifications of the doctor, but due to the lack of necessary care behind the teeth and oral cavity.

Before you go to the dentist, you should carefully study all the indications and contraindications for dental implantation, as well as familiarize yourself with the complications that may arise after the procedure.

Implantation is a very common procedure for implanting an artificial root into the jawbone. This article presents the main indications and classification of contraindications for this operation, as well as the complications that may be encountered after its implementation.

Dental implantation is a complex surgical procedure that requires compliance with a number of conditions. It may not be suitable for people suffering from certain diseases. In the presence of absolute contraindications to implantation of teeth, another option for their restoration is considered. If there are relative limitations, then after careful preparation, implants can be placed.

Implantation is one of the most reliable ways to restore teeth. The technique involves the implantation of implants into the jaw, on which crowns or entire orthopedic structures are then fixed.

Implantation requires healthy bone tissue and oral mucosa. If the bone is of insufficient thickness or the patient has chronic inflammatory diseases, then such treatment will not work. Implants can always be installed, but if the oral cavity does not meet a number of criteria, there is a high probability of their rejection and the appearance of various complications.

Absolute contraindications for implants in dentistry include conditions that do not allow for any stage of the procedure. At the same time, even careful preparation and high professionalism of the doctor will not be able to change the situation. Contraindications to (diseases and conditions):

• metal intolerance;
• mental disorders;
• oncological diseases;
• immunodeficiency;
• venereal diseases and AIDS;
• cardiovascular pathologies;
• severe connective tissue diseases;
• bone pathology.

It is strictly forbidden to carry out dental implantation when the patient has severe blood and heart diseases (heart failure, a previous heart attack, a bleeding disorder, a tendency to bleed). It will not be possible to place implants in such pathologies as systemic lupus erythematosus, poliomyelitis, hypoplasia of the thyroid gland and thymus.

Local absolute contraindications to the procedure are pemphigus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Schoegner's syndrome. Some pathologies of the central nervous system also do not allow the procedure. These include dementia, alcoholism, paranoia, neurosis, psychosis, and drug addiction.

Absolute contraindications are also osteoradionecrosis, pathologies of the pituitary and adrenal glands, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and rheumatism. Implantation is not carried out in patients suffering from serious malfunctions in the immune system.

Relative limits

In addition to absolute contraindications, there are also relative contraindications to implants. This includes pathologies and conditions that, with special treatment and proper preparation, will not interfere with the procedure. Dental implants have the following relative contraindications:

• During pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• pathological abrasion of enamel;
• irregular meals;
• poor oral hygiene;
• the presence of carious cavities;
• acute inflammatory diseases;
• engaging in potentially traumatic sports;
• diseases of the joints and bones;
• insufficient bone thickness;
• malocclusion.

Relative limitations also include beriberi, general poor health of the patient, a tendency to allergic reactions. considered individually in case of pathologies of the temporomandibular joint.

With insufficient bone thickness, the option of osteoplasty or bone augmentation is suitable. This takes several months. Another method is immediate loading implantation using the all-on-4 method. In this case, specialists place 4 implants in the area of ​​the second and fifth teeth, where there are no weak areas, which excludes significant bone damage.

Preparation for installation, taking into account contraindications

When there are relative contraindications, you need to carefully prepare the body and oral cavity for the upcoming operation. It includes a complete reorganization and examination by specialized specialists. Depending on the existing pathologies, the attending physician must give permission for a complex dental procedure. You may need to undergo treatment first. General preparations for implantation:

• blood and urine analysis;
• radiography of the jaw and surrounding tissues;
• analysis for thyroid hormones;
• complete sanitation of the oral cavity;
• professional dental hygiene.

At the stage of rehabilitation, the dentist treats existing diseases of the teeth and mucous membranes. It treats caries, inflammation, restores normal blood flow to the gums, and, if necessary, cleans and fills the root canals.

If there are no contraindications to the procedure, then the preparation includes only professional oral hygiene. If teeth need to be extracted prior to implantation, it may take time for the socket to heal and prevent infection.

The procedure itself is carried out in several stages. First, the doctor assesses the condition of the teeth and determines the treatment regimen. Then a series of diagnostic procedures are carried out, during which the condition of the bone is assessed. Implantation itself involves drilling the bone to a certain depth and installing implants.

With instant implantation, fixation of the prosthesis is possible already on the second day after the implantation of the pins. The standard procedure requires prior tissue healing, which usually takes about six months.

Myths and reality

Modern dental reconstruction is associated with various myths that often scare patients and force them to choose other methods of prosthetics. The most common controversial opinions:

1. The process of implantation is very long. In fact, installing a metal root takes as much time as removing a single tooth. This procedure lasts 15-40 minutes. But the time required for the final completion of all dental activities is really long. Before crowns can be placed, implants must be placed. This may take 3-6 months. At this time, a person can wear a temporary structure that allows the smile to look aesthetically pleasing. Osseointegration ends in 1.5-2 years. During this period, you should take care of your teeth and follow the doctor's advice (there are contraindicated measures and conditions).
2. Implants are very expensive. This method of restoring teeth is indeed one of the most expensive. However, this price is fully justified. The method has many advantages over alternative ways. When installing an implant, adjacent teeth are not affected. After the procedure is completed, the artificial tooth will be no different from the real one.
3. These are the same prostheses, only expensive ones. Such an opinion is a myth. Most often, crowns on prostheses look unnatural and differ in the overall row of teeth.
4. Implantation requires a long preparation. In reality, the procedure does not need to be prepared for a long time. It is necessary to pass tests, undergo a small examination and prepare the oral cavity. modern medicine allows you to do this in a short time.
5. Dentistry in Russia is at a low level. This opinion is false, modern equipment and highly qualified doctors allow serious procedures to be carried out with the same quality as abroad. In addition, the price of installing implants in domestic clinics is much lower than in foreign medical institutions.
6. The addiction takes a long time. In most cases, the addiction process takes 1-2 days and does not cause severe discomfort.

Possible Complications

Negative consequences after implantation may occur if the patient has ignored contraindications. Also, complications can occur when a doctor makes a mistake, improper implantation, neglect of the recommended care for implants, or a jaw injury.

As a rule, edema appears due to tissue and bone damage and is formed in the implantation area. Most often, their occurrence is a normal reaction of the body. In the first few days, swelling is most pronounced, after 5-7 days they disappear. If they do not subside after a week, then, most likely, a complication has arisen.

The most common complication after implantation is peri-implantitis. This inflammatory disease tissue surrounding the implant. The causes of its occurrence are systemic pathologies, non-compliance with oral hygiene, overload of implants, poor-quality fixation of the prosthesis.

The divergence of the seams is very dangerous, because bleeding can begin, contributing to the appearance of infection. Most often, the seams begin to diverge after damage or injury to the area of ​​intervention. In such a situation, you should immediately contact the dentist.

Doctors note several more complications that can develop as a result of implantology. These consequences include:

1. Loss of sensation, partial numbness of the cheeks and tongue. The cause of such symptoms is implantation near the nerves.
2. Paresthesia is a loss of sensitivity of soft tissues, in which a person feels tickling and tingling. Most often, this condition occurs immediately after the installation of implants, when the effect of anesthesia ends. This is due to the fact that the body rejects a foreign structure.
3. Hematoma formation. The result of severe tissue trauma. Hematomas are caused by muscle bleeding. In such cases, doctors prescribe dental ointments and gels, which allow to eliminate the problem in a short time.
4. Bleeding due to damage to blood vessels or with their atypical location, a complication can also occur with pathologies of the circulatory system.
5. Mobility of the implant and its rejection, which happens due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the bone and its low density;
6. Pain resulting from resistance to anesthesia, as well as in case of infection (then the implant will have to be removed).
7. Exposure of the implant after fixation, which is associated with pathologies of the gums or bone tissue, as well as non-compliance with the rules during the rehabilitation period and excessive tension on the gum flap.

Prevention of unpleasant symptoms

There are simple rules to reduce the risk of complications. Do not neglect the advice and appointments of the dentist. After medical intervention, the doctor prescribes a number of drugs with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. These drugs must be taken in accordance with the instructions.

Special antiseptic solutions for rinsing the mouth should be used. The use of these funds will help relieve swelling and pain. Oak bark-based products have an excellent effect.

It is necessary, as for your own teeth. A thorough cleaning is required, and if necessary, the use of dental floss. It is worth visiting the dentist at least once a year.

Installation of implants is a high-quality and convenient way to restore the dentition, which very rarely causes harmful consequences and complications. Avoiding unpleasant symptoms is quite easy. To do this, you must take into account contraindications and follow the simple recommendations of the doctor.