Is it possible to cure cataract in the initial stage. Starting stage Cataract: Treatment, what to do

Physiology of the visual apparatus provides for the presence of a special structure in it - lens. This is a kind of optical lens through which light rays are passing and focused on the retina.

Most ophthalmological diseases arise from people over forty years. The most common pathology is cataract. The basis for the development of this ailment is a complete or partial closer of the lens. The accumulation of a large number of crust fibers leads to its dehydration and seal. This directly reflects on sharpness and quality of view.

Lounge lens can occur both on one and both visual organs. The person begins to see a fuzzy picture in front of him. Cataract is a chronic disease that will certainly progress.

Pathology can lead to the development of serious complications, up to the complete loss of the visual function. To avoid this, you need to pay attention to the characteristic symptoms. Some signs may say that the person develops the initial cataract OU. At this stage, the disease has not yet had time to spread wide, so it is much easier to treat it.

What it is?

The initial stage of the cataract is characterized by hydration, or a flood of lens. The liquid inside the eye accumulates between fibers in the cortical layers. This leads to the formation of water slots. Over time, larger areas are added to these vacuoles, which are located in deeper zones.

Optical lens increases in volume. Change its refractive abilities. In patients with presbyopia (elderily frequency), an illusion of vision improvement can be created.

The next step of the pathological process is peripheral changes of the lens, as well as the formation of clouds. The refractive properties of the optical lenses are gradually deteriorating. In the absence of proper treatment, the initial stage of cataract will be steadily progress.

IMPORTANT! The initial cataract is most often developing in people after 60 years.

First, the cloues are formed on the periphery of the lens - outside the optical zone. For a long time, the central part retains its transparency. Most often occurs cataract of both eyes.

The disease is congenital and acquired. The first version of the pathology is fixed immediately after the birth of a child or under the age of the year. The progression pace of acquired cataracts is largely dependent on the lifestyle, external factors, as well as the individual characteristics of the body.

One of the subspecies of pathology is the old cataract. First, it is manifested in the form of a slight improvement in view, after which there is a sharp deterioration in the quality of the vision. The initial stage of clouding lens is amenable to drug therapy, but over time the patient still offers surgical intervention.

Allocate four main degrees of leaning lens:

• Initial. Cataract just begins. Vision worsens only if the clouding applies to the pupil. At this stage, treatment includes the use of eye drops that slow down the development of alert.
• Immature, or swelling. The crystal increases in size, overlapping the pupil. Patients lose the ability to vision even those subjects that are very close.
• Mature. The substantial vision is almost lost. Immediate treatment requires.
• Overrear. In addition to the operation, it is impossible to stop the development of the disease.

At the initial stage, the closet zone is captured by the periphery and the region of the equator, which goes beyond the optical zone. Noticeable reduction in vision at the initial cataract phase is not observed. From time to time, signs of patients are inclined to write off on fatigue or other available ophthalmological disorders. To identify the disease at this stage is not easy. This requires the use of special equipment.

With immature cataract, they move to the optical lens capsule. If at the previous stage, patients do not experience visual discomfort, then the immature form is characterized by a decrease in visual acuity.

With mature cataract, the entire area around the lens is filled with clouds. The lens becomes muddy and acquires a gray shade. The quality of the vision drops to the level of light sensation.

The overripe of cataract is the stage of complete degeneration and decay of lens fibers. Lens acquires a characteristic dairy-white shade.

Among all types of cataracts, the most common is the old form. Due to the natural aging of the body, the initial turbidity of the lens occur after forty years. With age, the number of natural antioxidants is reduced, which are simply necessary to combat free radicals - organic molecules, the number of which is becoming more and more due to natural aging.

Exchange processes in the lens are violated. The composition of the intraocular fluid changes. The number of amino acids, enzymes is reduced, and the number of insoluble proteins is also increasing.

The old cataract of both eyes can progress not synchronously. In the elderly, the symptoms of the disease can not be manifested for a long time due to the slow development of pathology.

Starting cataract is very easy to miss, so you need to carefully treat all changes in vision

The reasons

Despite the fact that people of old age are more susceptible to the disease, the initial cataract may occur among young patients. This can be facilitated by working conditions, injury, poor ecological situation, bad habits, visual overwork, chronic pathology, spinal diseases.

ATTENTION! In the risk group for the occurrence of the disease there are patients with endocrine disorders, as well as having a hereditary predisposition.

Other reasons may also serve as a catalyst for the development of ophthalmic disorder:

• influence of radiation;
• infectious pathology: syphilis, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis (complicated cataract);
• long-term corticosteroids;
• eye diseases: glaucoma, myopia;
• avitaminosis;
• reserves conflict mother and child;
• intrauterine abnormalities;
• intoxication;
• angiopathy;
• alcoholism, smoking;
• skin pathology;
• anemia;
• dauna disease;
• eye burns.

Symptoms

Each person must be familiar with the initial manifestations of cataracts:

• appearance of spots, circles or specks before your eyes;
• diplopia - Two of the image;
• the appearance of the halo around the light source;
• temporary return of the ability to read without glasses (in older patients);
• worsening twilight vision, appearance in the dark glare and outbreaks;
• photophobia;
• drop view;
• lack of lighting when reading;
• fog in the eyes, lack of clear outlines of objects;
• patients often have to change diopter when ordering points or contact lenses.
• colors become dull.

Clinical symptoms are largely dependent on the stage, but also the localization of the pathological process. The age cataract in most cases begins with the cortical part of the lenses and is gradually developing to the center. The closer the defeat moves to the central part, the stronger the symptoms will be manifested.

For age cataracts, such signs are characterized by:

• general reduction in visual acuity;
• increased sensitivity to light;
• shots in the eyes;
• falcastness is replaced by myopia;
• clouding pictures;
• deterioration of brightness and clarity of the image;
• the appearance of halisol when translating a view to the light source;
• worsening the quality of vision in bad lighting;
• the appearance of spots and flies in front of the eyes;
• difficulties in working with small details;
• changing the color of the pupil.

REFERENCE! The first signs of cataracts are rarely pronounced, so patients rarely turn to the oculist at this stage of the disease.

Externally, early symptoms of pathology is impossible to determine. However, when painting pain, burning or irritation, it is necessary to seem an ophthalmologist.

With a congenital form in a child, a squint is observed. He does not have a reaction to objects. Pupil acquires white color.

It is quite difficult to identify the disease independently, since transparency is maintained in most of the lens and does not indicate the development of pathological changes. In general, in each individual case, the symptoms can manifest themselves in different ways. One can disturb the appearance of points before our eyes, others do not complain about anything.

Diagnostics

Cataract detection problems usually do not occur. Difficulties are associated with the determination of the stage, localization, causes of turbidity, as well as the choice of therapeutic tactics.

The diagnosis is made by an ophthalmologist on the basis of the results of the studies (the photo shows the vision of visual acuity)

Ophthalmologic diagnosis includes conducting such surveys:

• visometry;
• perimetry;
• tonometry;
• biomicroscopy;
• refractometry.

Laboratory studies will also be required. Ophthalmologist prescribes general blood and urine analysis to patients, biochemistry, glucometrium.

If the doctor was identified by cataracts, treatment should begin as soon as possible. Due to the fact that the lens increases in the amount, the outflow of intraocular fluid is disturbed. This leads to glaucoma. Cataracts can cause atrophic changes in the optic nerve.

What to do?

Cataract can be treated with medicines and folk remedies. However, it is possible to hope for full cure only with the help of the operation.

Medical therapy

Conservative initial cataracting therapy includes the use of eye drops saturated with vitamins, as well as drugs, which is presented by Lanosterol. This substance contributes to the dissolution of protein clusters of the lens.

Leading ophthalmologists agree that it is not worth waiting for the ripening of cataracts, but to start treatment as soon as possible

The use of medicines is rather preventive or preparatory measure. Only in extreme cases it helps prevent clouding. Consider a list of the most famous and effective means at the initial Cataract:

• Taufon. Drops restore the lens metabolic processes and improve regeneration processes. The drug suspends turbidity processes and additionally protects against infectious agents;
• Cataracts. The drug affects the protein reaction, suspending the degeneration of the lens. Katarax is allowed to use during pregnancy and lactation;
• Quenax. Droplets protect the lens from oxidation, improve the metabolic processes, and also increase its transparency.

ATTENTION! Cataract It is impossible to cure eye drops. Such preparations are capable only for a while to slow down the pathological changes in the lens.

Operational intervention

The best method of treatment of cataract is facoemulsification. The crystal closer substance is removed, while its capsule is preserved. The procedure is carried out under local anesthesia. The patient bury the eye drops with anesthetic, after which the surgeon makes microscopic cuts and inserts a probe into a crystal.

With the help of ultrasound exposure, the modified lens softened. Lounge are removed. The washing procedure is carried out using irrigation solutions. An intraocular lens is put to the location of the lenses. It is an optical system that is equipped with fixing elements. The incision is sealing independently, so the seamping is not required.

Focoemulsification is carried out using the latest equipment. The procedure is carried out for twenty minutes. There is no need for hospitalization. The ability to see returns only a few hours after surgery.

ethnoscience

Often among non-traditional recipes from cataracts mentioned honey. The product of beekeeping can be used in the form of eye drops. For their preparation, you can use filtered water or caustic juice. Also, honey can be taken inside in combination with fresh onion juice.

IMPORTANT! The populists assure that the regular consumption of blueberry berries contributes to the improvement of visual acuity.

For the preparation of therapeutic beam, the dried sage will be required. One teaspoon of raw materials should be pouring two glasses of water. The solution needs to be boiled within a few minutes. Phuned and the effects of decoction take half a glass before meals. The reception rate should be at least a month.

When cataracts, populists are recommended to prepare compress. The teaspoon of honey is poured with a glass of water and put on a large fire. After the solution boils, it is still necessary to peck for five minutes. The cooled mixture is laying out on the gauze and are applied to closed centuries for five minutes. This procedure is best done before bedtime.

Summarizing

Initial cataract is the first closer block phase. At this stage, the disease is easiest to be treated. Patients often do not pay attention to the symptoms of the initial cataract, written them by fatigue. The only method of treatment is the operation. Preparations are not able to heal from the ailment, they can only suspend the progression of clouds.

Cataract is considered one of the most common diseases of vision, every second person over 60 years old is ill, but not only the elderly people are subject to the disease. Cataract may also have a congenital and acquired character.

The initial stage of cataracts may not be shown on external signs and not affect vision, so it is easy to skip the moment, how the cataract of the eye begins. A hard stage can lead to complete loss of vision.

Treatment of illness includes the use of droplets, applying ointments to the eyes, and at a running situation, surgery is allowed, but this operation is being done in one day and does not provide difficulties.

What it is?

How does cataract begins? Source: Bolvglazah.ru.

Cataract (Greek. Katarrhaktes) translated into Russian means "waterfall" - so the ancient Greeks called the cloud of lens, the very "live lens". This eye disease is also characteristic of older people.

The lens lens consists of water and proteins, and the protein molecules are arranged in such a way that the light is fluent in them through them and is assembled at one point - in the central foss of the yellow spot.

The first signs of cataracts are a violation of transparency of crustal fibers or, much less often, crystal capsules. At the beginning of the disease, only small turbid plots appear, and then the whole crystal becomes muddy.

If changes appear in the lens proteins, the vision begins to gradually deteriorate; A person ceases to distinguish persons around others, experiences difficulties when reading and writing. At the last stage, with full turbidity lens, the patient distinguishes only light and color, and the contours does not see the objects.

To at least help the patient to distinguish the surrounding items, doctors prescribe when cataracts glasses with yellow lenses. Today, cataracts is called the most common elderly disease, and the cataract removal is the most frequently performed operation.

Methods of cataract treatment are constantly being improved, new technologies and high-precision equipment for conducting operations are invented. But still the operation is an operation, and each of us would prefer to do without it.

Therefore, scientists continue to study the causes of cataract developments, create new drugs that delay the development of this disease and return the transparency of the lens. As studies have shown, crystal changes were discovered in 27% of people under 65 years old and 65% of people over 75 years old.

In Europe, approximately 5% of the number of people aged 70 years and 10% of the 80-year-olds are forced to go to the operation. It is good that only a few develops the so-called mature cataract - it is it accompanied by a complete loss of vision and requires surgery.

The cloud of a lens, which leads to blindness, occurs not only due to the aging of the body. For example, cases of clouding lens as a result of strong physical effects (so, strong heat causes thermal cataract, or, as it is also called, the "cataract of glass-powder", X-ray radiation causes radiation cataract, etc.).

Influence of sun rays

The cause of the development of cataracts can also be an effect on the eyes of the sun's rays, so it is necessary to protect the eyes with protective glasses. Cataract also often develops with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is very important to abide by hygiene of vision at any age to avoid eye disease occur.

But be that as it may, above all, the clouding of the lens occurs as a result of aging, and therefore it received the name of age-related, or elder cataracts.

Features of the disease

The reason for appeal to the cataract ophthalmologist is not only among the elderly. Often the disease develops in a rather young age. If in the first case the disease is a sign of changes in the fundus, based on the natural process of aging.

That young people, it is a consequence of injuries, infectious lesions or inflammatory pathologies of organs of vision. The eye lens can be compared with the lenses, thanks to which the rays of light are refracted and skipped.

A healthy lens allows you to instantly focus objects and switch from close to distant, and vice versa. The lesion process begins when the active fibers of the lens are disintegrated and become opaque.

Crystal becomes muddy, skipping light rays decreases, as a result, significant loss of vision. These are signs of cataracts and glaucoma in general terms. And they develop for several years.

Cataract, which occurs within two months has a more difficult course and hazardous consequences for vision. The disease can be defined even by external sign. To the "foggy" eyes in the elderly, many are adequately.

However, such manifestations look very unnaturally when it comes to a young man. In a medical environment, many scientific theories have been developed on the formation of the cultivation of lens. However, the exact mechanism of cataract behavior in the modern context of medical developments is not yet known.

The pathological process can develop very slowly. Some people live with the initial stage for many years. It also happens that the sudden clouding of the lens can lead to blindness literally in two months.

Development mechanism

Cataract is a disease of the eye, the main sign of which is the clouding of a lens, a transparent body having a spherical shape of a lens of the lens with different radii of the front and rear curvature.

Located between the vitreous body and the iris for the pupil. Covered with an elastic transparent shell that protects against external damage. Crystal, refracting light rays, concentrates them on the retina.

The impulses from physico-biochemical processes causing irritation of nervous endings are sent to the bark of the brain in the visual nerves, where the clear image of objects in front of a person is formed.

The physiological state of the lens is its elasticity and transparency. Depending on the distance to the loose item, instantly changes its form. As a result, the refractive force of the light beam and the radii of curvature increases or decrease.

Thus, focusing the subjects under consideration on the retina occurs. Thanks to these continuous processes, a person can consider objects at the remote and close distance.

The chemical composition of the lens, which is washed by intraocular fluid is mineral elements, proteins, water. It is not equipped with nerve cells, blood vessels. Constantly in the eye is produced intraocular fluid. It is with its help "Exchange processes are carried out in lens.

Different causes lead to a violation of this biochemical process of exchange, accumulation of decay products and radicals, the destruction of protein transparent lens structures. His elasticity is worse, the accommodation process, the ability to skip adequately light rays. This leads to a deterioration of vision.

Medical statistics suggests that almost 20 million people of the whole world have been diagnosed. After 80 years it is difficult to find a person who would not suffer from this disease. Many of them are arrested as a result of ineffective treatment or its absence.

The development of the ailment can be minted for a while, but the older man, the greater the likelihood of the development of pathology. Today, the disease has grown up significantly and already 40 summer people, regardless of gender, suffer from this ailment.

Only over the year in the world more than 15 million cataract operations are performed. The number of children with congenital pathology has grown. The study of longevity and mortality rates in patients with cataracts were conducted.

The results of the study showed that in patients who had an operation was made - mortality and progression of the disease by 40% lower than in patients who did not pass through surgical intervention. The results have proven that the human life correction has proved on the longevity and quality of human life.

Types of lesion of lesurance

The specificity of symptoms of cataract depends on the morphological features and localization of turbidity, which are characterized by a large variety. The greatest reduction in view occurs when the clouding is located opposite the pupil.

Less affect the vision of turbidity located on the periphery. Depending on the localization and the degree of clouds, the oculist is observing a variety of clinical pictures, accompanied by the following pathologies:

1. Nuclear - characterized by minor turbidity of the central part of the lens, looks like a white spot having sharply defined boundaries. When progressing, the lens becomes dense. The vision is reduced.
2. Subcapsular - location location Rear area of \u200b\u200blens, has the appearance of a white muddy ball. Prevents the reading process and causes light-free. It can be bilateral, but unilaterally pronounced symptoms.
3. Cortical - localized around the kernel of the lens, has a layered structure with transparent and muddy layers. As progressing, gradually moves to the center of the lens. There is a violation of vision and distance, and near.
4. Soft - characterized by turbidity of the entire lens, over time it occurs its absorption and discharge.

Types of among themselves can be combined, which is most traced in the people of old age. Incorrect diagnostics and non-timely started treatment leads to complications: complete loss of vision, shifting of lens, secondary glaucoma, retinal atrophy.

Types of cataracts

Depending on the factors that caused the occurrence and development of cataracts, several types of its species are distinguished. The secondary cataract is a type of cataract, which manifests itself as a result of another disease: diabetes, or avitaminosis, or due to the already transferred eye disease or surgical operation in the eyes.

Congenital cataract

The type of cataracts characteristic of people sick with it since birth. In children, she may not even manifest themselves and not bring special inconvenience, that is, vision can be almost normal even with cataracts in both eyes.

But in the event of a change in the "visual state" for the worse, it should be removed immediately by surgical intervention to remove the lens. Traumatic cataract - arises due to injury obtained, can manifest even after several years after it.

Radiation cataract is the category of cataracts that occurs under the influence of any radiation. Cataract Eyes It usually begins with the appearance of "blind spots". That is, the person begins to distinguish the items as if fragmentary, and in order to see their real appearance, you need to "fright".

Then, in the course of the deterioration of the state, there is a vagueness. It becomes more and more difficult to read, as the letters begin to swim in front of the eyes, it is harder to distinguish faces. The ability to see well in the evening and night almost comes down to zero, and in the daytime or when the space illumination often remains only sensitivity to the light.

This means that a person can see anything can no longer, he distinguishes only light or dark indoors or on the street. The view rushes a white paddle, which is also called the "dairy film". All this can lead, if you do not apply to the hospital, to a complete loss of vision.

There is no general malaise or physical pain. Cataract does not hurt, but comes gradually and unnoticed, the fact and dangerous. The only source of serious physical discomfort can be an increase in pressure inside the eye. In this case, the eye affected by the cataract, of course, hurts.

Clinical Stages

The diseases of the cataract eye, the symptoms of which are manifested in varying degrees depending on the progression of the disease, in its development has 4 main stages:

• Starting or ripening - appearance before the eyes of the strokes, points, black flies; Two items; photophobia; Reducing vision in the dark day; Temporary return opportunity to read without glasses from myntic people.
• Immature or swelling - the increasing volume of the lens leads to an increase in intraocular pressure; Image of items acquires yellow colors; feeling before the eyes of fog; Changes a penny of pupil and iris; Increases cloudy area.
• Formed or mature - ceases to distinguish the surrounding items of the patient; During this period, for him only hands close to the face; Only light sensations are perceived.
• Overright - the pupil is completely covered with a milky white film; Complete irreversible loss of vision.

For the transition of the disease from the first to the fourth stage, it takes from 6 to 20 years. It is very important to pay attention to the early symptoms of cataracts, in this case it is possible to cope with the disease and without resorting to surgical intervention.

Initial cataract

It should be noted that in ophthalmology gradually obsolete the classification of the stage. The reason is in the aforementioned tendency to early appeals for help and, accordingly, to the early diagnosis of cataracts.

In addition, modern microsurgical technologies allow you to radically eliminate the problem already in the initial stages, and more and more often patients prefer not to launch pathological processes of turbidity, preserving them at the very beginning.

This is especially true when the localization of turbidity turns out to be mixed and visual disorders are not limited to peripheral optical zones - sharpness and quality in this case fall sharply and quickly, and patients are forced to take decisive steps to restore it.

Regardless of the "starting" causes of the cataract, in the initial stages, hydration (saturation of the lens of the liquid) is possible, as a result of which the crystal increases in the amount and its optical properties (refractive refractive ratio, refraction of light).

During this period, - on the background of the so-called. Myopcling facility, - Many patients with Presbyiopsy note even some improvement in vision, but this is only an illusion that is soon replaced by the full-scale symptomatics of cataracts.

After the first biochemical transformations in the fiber structures of the crustal substance and minor, lateral vision problems, the process is gradually generalized and accelerated.

Unripe Cataract

If the closet of the lens is developing gradually, and not a congenital pathology, cataracts in the early stages of turbidity are called "immature". The age changes in tissues in most people after 60 years lead to a decrease in one degree or another, transparency and elasticity of the lens.

Age cataract is the most common cause of appeal to an ophthalmologist. In its development of the cataract, four stages take place:

1. initial;
2. immature;
3. mature;
4. overrear.

Secondary Cataract

Secondary cataract is a complication that can develop after surgical intervention in eye lens. The most secure and efficient method of cataract treatment is the implantation of an intraocular lens into the place of remote natural lens.

In the course of such an operation, the lens is removed from its capsule containing its capsules (elastic thin bag). Modern technologies allow you to maintain a lens capsule and place an implant in it. However, even the most successful operation does not exclude the risk of the development of secondary cataracts.

The successful replacement of the lens can be complicated by turbidity and sealing the posterior wall of its capsule. As a result of cellular and immune reactions to the operational intervention of the capsule pouch, it starts to grow, its tissue loses transparency, passes less light rays and, as a result, the reactive, secondary impact of view develops.

This process depends not on the quality and accuracy of the manipulations carried out, but from the individual physiological characteristics of the patient, so it is impossible to predict and prevent the development of secondary cataracts.

Complicated Stage

Cataract is a pathological process, with the development of which a lens of the eye gradually loses its natural properties (transparency, elasticity, etc.) and the specific impairment of vision increases.

In a free translation from the Greek term "Cataract" (Ambol. "Waterfall") can be translated as "look through water": it means the characteristic turbidity and vagueness of the image, the tendency to the cooler, light haloes around the objects.

The most obvious and reliable cause of cataracts are age-related metabolic shifts (metabolism) and the corresponding changes in the tissues and structures of the eye; Over 90% of people over 60 years old detect symptoms of the cataract process.

However, the aging of the eye fluids and tissues is not the only possible cause of clouding of the lens. In some cases, cataract develops against the background or due to infectious-inflammatory processes affecting, incl., Various structures of the eye - tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, etc.

One of the features of complicated cataract is the localization of turbidity mainly in the zone of the rear capsule and on the periphery of the rear bark. In this case (rear cup of cataract), cloues looks like a "cloud", slowly growing over the entire surface of the rear capsule.

Causes of appearance

Source: Diagnos-med.ru.

Since the leaf fabric is devoid of vessels and nerves, inflammatory processes in the lens do not occur. But in it, as I said earlier, a dystrophic change may arise, which are associated with the metabolic disorder.

Among these changes, the first place is just occupied by the closet of the lens - cataract. Modern science found out that free-radical reactions play the main role in the occurrence of cataracts.

As for the fabrics of the eye, the most stimulates the formation of free radicals in the cells of free radicals. As a result of the effects of light, complex biochemical reactions occur, which lead to the formation of extremely toxic compounds.

Their accumulation is just leading to irreversible changes in lens proteins. Unfortunately, with age, the activity of protective processes is reduced, which protect the lens proteins from the destructive effects of free radicals, and the lens transparency.

In most cases, the development of cataracts in old age is not accompanied by other diseases.
Thus, the reasons for the development of cataracts are connected and directly with the disruption of the power of the eye, and with the deterioration of immunity.

Development of cataracts

In healthy people, age cataract usually occurs after 45 years. Over the years, the frequency of this disease increases (over the age of 65, up to 60% of people suffer from cataracts). However, in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver of cataracts may occur already at 35 years of age.

Thus, if you suffer from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, the risk of developing cataracts is significantly increased. In addition, the factors contributing to the development of cataracts include:

• drinking alcohol and smoking; S reception of some drugs;
• long stay in the sun without protective glasses;
• harmful effects of the medium (chemical, mechanical, radial);
• diabetes;
• small lung life;
• adverse ecological situation.

To eliminate some risk factors you can not (it depends on many objective reasons), but think about what you can change in your life to delay the disease.

The first signs of the disease

When a person begins Cataract, he may notice that the objects in the field of view begin to double, spots and "flyers" appear before their eyes, the items acquire a yellowish shade, reading is difficult due to contrast breaks between text and background.

First manifestations

At the initial stages of the development of cataracts, visual acuity has not yet suffered. This period can last from 1-3 years to 10-15 years. At the initial stage of the cataract, it is manifested in the form of a change in the form, the thickening of the lens, the bulge of which increases, the rays of light are refracted from a different angle.

As a result - the aggravation of the near view and the development of myopia (myopia). This is particularly surprised by the elderly people who have suffered a farewell to it - they suddenly have surprise that they can now read without glasses. But this is only a temporary phenomenon, after which the vision again begins to weaken.

Symptoms of Cataract

A characteristic symptom of the development of cataracts of the eye is the exacerbation of twilight view - when a dim light, a person begins to see better than in bright illumination conditions. This indicates the cloud of the central area of \u200b\u200bthe lens, which is located directly for the pupil.

With bright illumination, the pupil is narrowed, and most of the light fall on this closest part of the lens and do not reach the retina. In the twilight, the pupil is expanded and the light can reach the retina through the transparent unclined part of the lens.

Cataract patient with a look at a bright light source (electric light bulb, car headlights, a bright illuminated window or any other source emitting bright light) notes that a halo arises around it.

This arises due to the fact that the light falls on the retina not directly, in the form of a compressed beam, and in the scattered state. Some patients note the appearance of lights.

Depending on the localization and scale of the area of \u200b\u200bclouding, the lens is dependent on how long a person will not pay attention to the appearance and development of the cataracts of the eye. Peripheral cataracts can not be noticed for quite a long time.

The centrally and large turbidity, the brighter the cataracts appears, the problems with vision are faster. The outline of objects is seen blurred, they lose clarity, generation appears.

As a compensation of poor vision, patients resort to more frequent change of glasses to new, stronger or use alternately different glasses - for reading and for long-distance vision. Normally, the black pupil can acquire a yellowish tint, and in severe cases even whiten.

What to pay attention to? The cataract of the eye is manifested in different ways, there are several signs for which this disease can be determined:

1. When reading, sewing, performing any small manipulations, a person needs a brighter light.
2. The patient tries often to wipe glasses, it seems to him that they are fucked or contaminated.
3. The feeling appears that the film is formed in the eyes, I want to constantly wipe my eyes.
4. When reading, the letters begin to merge, and then the whole text entirely. As a result, it becomes difficult to even consider major lettering on signs or a bus number.

If these or similar symptoms began to cause anxiety with you, then this is a reason for an immediate visit to the ophthalmologist. Only an oculist will be able to produce the necessary research and determine the diagnosis on which the plan for further treatment will depend.

Is it possible to cure cataract?

Despite the fact that cataract is a serious illness, in modern medicine it is quite simply treated. It is only worth understanding: no exercises or medicines will help. Cataract can be cured only surgically.

The lens is a natural lens, it has no vessels or nerve endings. When surgery, the doctor changes a turbid lens to a new, transparent. Almost immediately after implantation, a person can see normal.

In addition, thanks to modern technologies, the new lens can be selected so as to adjust the problems already available in humans with vision - save it from hyperopia or myopia.

The implantation of an artificial lens is possible only at the stage of the disease, when the vision is not yet completely lost, therefore it is impossible to slow down with the appeal to the doctor and the operation. Especially since it passes under local anesthesia and easily tolerated by patients of any age.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made on the basis of complaints of the patient, anamnesis and clinical picture. Small cloues in lens are detected by focal lighting, research in the transmitted light and biomicroscopy method. With focal lighting, cloues are visible in a gray or gray-white lens.

In the passing light, the cloues are drawn in the form of black stripes, spokes or stains on the red background of the eye dna. The biomicroscopy method makes it possible to most fully determine the clouds of lens, their character, magnitude, localization. Studies should be carried out with an expanded pupil.

The short-term increase in the pupil can be installed in the conjunctival bag of the following solutions: 1% homatropine hydrochloride, 2-5% ephedrine, 0.1% hydrochloride adrenaline, 1-2% of the phenamine, 1% mesaton. In patients over 40 years after that, 1% pylocarpine solution should be inserted into the eye for narrowing the pupil.

If you have a decrease in visual acuity, the clarity of the image, other symptoms appear, then you need to immediately contact an ophthalmologist. In order to diagnose the disease, it follows in modern equipment to undergo a comprehensive examination, including:

• Visometry - determination of visual acuity;
• Computer ceraphractometry - determination of the degree of hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism; measurement of the refractive force and radius of curvature of the cornea;
• Biomicroscopy - the examination of the front segment of the eyeball, the state of the iris and lens;
• Gonoscopy - research using a special angle of an angle of the anterior chamber;
• Tonometry - measurement of intraocular pressure;
• Computer perimetry - research field examination;
• Ophthalmoscopy is the inspection of the eye bottom and determination of the state of the optic nerve and the retina;
• Scanning or ultrasound study - measuring the thickness of the cornea and lens, determining the status of the retina and the vitreous body, the front-rear size of the eyeball, the depth of the front chamber of the eye;
• Keratotopography - according to indications for a comprehensive examination of the front segment of the eye. According to the results of studies, the optical force of the artificial lens of the eye is calculated. Absolutely all types of surveys are completely painless and high-precision.

Principle of treatment

Drug and surgical methods are used in the treatment of cataracts. The development of cataracts in the initial stage may prevent some drugs - Vicein, Vitaiodurol and Vitafolov. They are injected in the form of instillations in a conjunctival bag of 1-2 drops 2 times a day for a long time.

Instillations of drops containing riboflavin, ascorbic acid and nicotine acid (riboflavin - 0.002 g, ascorbic acid - 0.02 g, nicotinic acid - 0.003 g, distilled water, 10 ml) are prescribed.

Preparations

With the rear cups of subcapsular cataracts, Vitafolov is prescribed; The use of cysteine \u200b\u200band vitaodurgol is contraindicated. Also used electrophoresis with freshly prepared solution of free cysteine \u200b\u200bdaily from a negative pole (current 2-2.5 mA) with an eye glass bath.

The first session lasts 8 minutes, the subsequent extend for 2 minutes (up to 20 minutes). A total of a course of treatment - 40 procedures. Cysteine \u200b\u200bsolution can also be used for eye baths.
In the treatment of cataracts associated with common body violations, general treatment is important.

First of all, this refers to a diabetic cataract. With the Tetanic Cataract, the drugs of the thyroid gland and calcium are used. The effective method of cataract treatment is surgical.

With congenital cataracts, operations are required in cases where the intensity and magnitude of turbidity can significantly worsen vision. If the age of the child allows to investigate the functions of the organ of vision, then the main criterion for solving this question is visual acuity: the operation should be considered to be shown in the sharpness of 0.2 or less.

With complete and semi-resource cataract, it is recommended to operate at the age of 1 to 2 years, with a film - from 2 to 3 years, with a layered - depending on the diameter of turbidity and visual acuity at the age of 2-6 years and complicated - no earlier than 4 years. The intervals between operations on one or another eye are 2-B months.

Cataract intracapsular extraction in children is almost not carried out, they usually use extracapsular cataract extraction in various modifications. With complete soft cataracts, it is carried out by a discrote and aspiration of crustaceous masses.

In the case of layered cataracts and a noticeable increase in visual acuity, optical iridectomy is carried out with a wide pupil. When acquired by cataracts often conduct intracapsular extraction. The turbid lens is removed using a cryoxtractor, eryzofak, tweezers or a squirrel.

This type of operation gives the best visual outcome. The operation can be carried out without waiting for full ripening of cataracts. With complicated cataracts, especially accompanied by a diffusion of a vitreous body, preference is often given to extracapsular extraction.

In recent years, the method of facoemulsification is also used. Its essence is to dismiss the content of the lens using ultrasound and sucking liquid content.

Intraocular correction by introducing an artificial lens to the eye mainly according to professional testimony only in middle-aged persons with one-sided Alfa region in cases where there is reason to believe that the contact lens will not help.

Forecast. Due to the fact that the reduction of vision with congenital cataracts is associated not only with the closet of the lens, but usually changes in the neuro-receptor apparatus of the eye, the high acuity of view after the operation is rare.

Visual outcomes of surgical intervention are often improved as a result of treatment of obscurantation. The forecast is most favorable with a layered cataract. With the acquired cataracts, the prognosis is favorable, after surgery, vision is restored and often - the disability of the patient.

Postoperative mode

6805 09/18/2019 5 min.

Cataract is a very dangerous disease. It develops gradually, so a person may not immediately notice any problems with vision, and, accordingly, the trip to the ophthalmologist is delayed. Some time ago, Cataract was considered a sentence. But now everything has changed, and thanks to modern methods of diagnosis and treatment you can help a person can cope with this ailment. To be prepared, you need to know what symptoms of cataracts in the early stages manifests itself. This will help not "watch" the disease at an early stage.

What it is

Cataract is an irreversible process of changing the transparency of the crystal. He mutters, which leads to. In the distant times, the ancient Greek healers believed that the cataract appears when the turbid liquid flows between the iris and lens and accumulates, so Katarrháktes is translated as a "waterfall".

In the norm, the lens is a transparent lens that skips through itself the rays of light focusing on the retina.

And in pathological changes leading to cataracts, water-soluble lens proteins become water-insoluble. This leads to swelling and inflammation of the lens. He loses its transparency, so the items become fuzzy and blurred. Changes occurring with vision during cataracts are irreversible.

Cataract species:

• One-sided and bilateral;
• Initial, mature and mature;
• Congenital and acquired (senile, traumatic, radiation, secondary);
• Front and rear, nuclear and cortical, total.

Cataract may be a complication of many other diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, glaucoma, hypertension, and so on.

A large proportion of the probabilities of the development of cataracts exists in those people having obesity.

Symptoms

Cataract symptoms at an early stage:

• Objects are two ways before their eyes;
• It becomes difficult to read;
• A yellow tint appears near the items;
• Flies and stains appear before your eyes;
• Items become stupid.

Other signs of progression of this disease:

• In the evening appears;
• Items are surrounded by halo;
• Flies and stains appear even in the dark.

Early stage when symptoms are preserved, but do not progress, can last up to fifteen years. Vision begins to decline at the stage of ripening cataracts. And the mature stage manifests itself as a loss of substantive vision, but the light is preserved. Thus, the cataract can lead to complete loss of vision.

Diagnostics

There are two types of diagnostics of cataracts:

1. Primary diagnostics. It is carried out for diagnosis. If a person came to a specialist in time, the early stage of the disease is diagnosed. Methods of primary diagnostics: outdoor inspection, study of the overall history of diseases, identifying symptoms, physical examination of the lens.
2. Secondary diagnostics. It is assigned to determine the condition of the cataract. Secondary diagnostics can be carried out as planned or with a deterioration in the patient's condition. Such diagnostics is required before carrying out a surgical operation.

What perimetry can be found in.

In addition, standard and special methods are used to diagnose cataracts. Standard methods include: biomicroscopy (using a slit lamp), vision testing and its fields, measurement of intraocular pressure and the study of the eye don. And the group of special methods includes densitometry.

Treatment

Main methods How to treat cataract:

1. Conservative treatment;
2. Surgery.

Conservative

In the conservative treatment of cataracts, various drops are applied. For their bases, amino acids, antioxidants, and so on are usually used.

Surgical methods:

• Cataract extraction. Currently, this method is practically not used. Extraction is a bandwidth operation at which there is no inclination at the scene of the cornea connection and a sclera size from ten to twelve millimeters. A crystal is removed through it, and an implant is put on his place. Then the seams are superimposed. The operation is carried out under general anesthesia. Rehabilitation lasts up to several weeks.
• Ultrasonic. This method is considered the most efficient. The essence of ultrasonic facoemulsification is that ultrasound affects the micro-section on the lens. As a result, the lens turns into an emulsion, and it is removed from the eye. A flexible intraocular lens is installed in its place. Viscoscolastics are introduced inside the eye, which help the doctor to carry out all manipulations, as well as they protect their eyes during surgery. Facoemulsification is carried out under local anesthesia. After the operation, the sight is improved after a few hours, and the most well-well man begins to see about a week. This operation has no age limitations.
• Laser treatment. The use of a laser for the treatment of cataract allows access to the internal structures of the eye. The laser allows you to carry out very accurate operations and get a good effect as a result. The operation is carried out under local anesthesia and lasts about twenty minutes. The patient sees well after the operation, the maximum recovery will occur after a few days.

Complications

Cataract complications may occur during surgery or after it. Postoperative complications are early and late. After the operation, only 1-1.5% of patients may have complications.

Early complications after surgery:

1. Inflammation (, iridocyclite);
2. Hemorrhage;
3. An increase in intraocular pressure;
4. Change in the position of the implanted lens;

Late complications after surgery:

1. Swelling of the macular (central) field of the retina;
2. Secondary cataract.

Prevention

To minimize the risk of development of cataracts:

• Refuse smoking and alcohol.
• Enable fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet.
• Limit the time spent on the open sun.
• Wear glasses with a special spraying that protects eyes from ultraviolet.
• Take preparations with lutein.
• Treat all ophthalmic diseases.
• Attend an ophthalmologist for prevention.

And also see how treat cataract without surgery drugsby .

Preventive measures can not guarantee the one hundred percent probability that the cataract does not occur. But such a concern for vision can help preserve vision for many years.

Video

conclusions

Without proper cataract treatment, a person can completely lose sight. Therefore, you need to regularly visit an ophthalmologist to detect the disease at an early stage. It should be remembered that the sooner the cataract is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment. And preventive measures will allow support to support eye health and may prevent dangerous diseases.

Read the treatment of cataracts in.

The early staging of the lens is known as the initial cataract, which can manifest itself not only in patients aged, but also in middle-aged people. Against the background of pathology, the normal ability of light rays falls on the retina, as a result of which visual perception is disturbed. Even the initial form of the disease negatively affects the visual function, leading to a decrease in visual acuity. If you reveal the development of cataracts in time, then it is possible to suspend the pathological process and prevent complications.

Why develops?

Mostly in adulthood appears the disease to one degree or another is practical in every person. Lounge lens - an inevitable process caused by age-related changes. At the same time, in some patients, pathology stops at an early stage and does not progress further, in others, when creating certain catarakt factors, it develops, leading to more severe symptoms and complications. At the initial stage, the patient is dried in a patient, as a result of which its volume increases and changes occur in the ability to refract light rays. The pathological manifestation of starting cataracts can manifest itself in childhood, which is associated with intrauterine anomalies. More often there is a sedenive (age) form of illness or acquired, on the development of which such reasons affect:

• broken exchange in eye structures;
• prolonged influence of radiation or ultraviolet rays;
• mechanical damage to the eye of the penetrating nature;
• eye contusion;
• diseases of infectious nature;
• autoimmune diseases;
• thyroid dysfunction;
• ophthalmological pathologies to which glaucoma belongs, a dystrophic process in an enhancement path and another;
• long-term drug therapy;
• effect on eyeball of toxic substances.

The initial stage of cataracts may be a consequence of the influence of harmful habits, a bad environmental situation or insufficient use of vitamins.

What symptoms are observed?

One of the first manifestations of pathology may be the presence of points before your eyes.

Signs of cataracts of the eyes in early pores are unnoticed, since Neyarko is expressed. In some patients, the beginning pathology has been asymptomatic. The person at this stage does not have a reduced visual acuity on the periphery. Against the background of the disease, a slight decrease in the visual function is possible - up to 1.0-0.3 diopters. Other symptoms of cataracts in the early stages are distinguished:

• appearance of points before eyes;
• two pictures;
• short-term restoration of the ability to read without means of correction in presbyopia;
• problems with vision in the dark day;
• reinforced sensitivity to bright light;
• reducing the early brightness of the image.

Diagnostics

Starting cataract is not always easy to recognize yourself. As a rule, the initial stage of the disease is determined by various diagnostic manipulations. In violation, it is recommended to refer to an ophthalmologist, which will help diagnose the initial cataract. The specialist performs a survey of visual organs by means of a slit lamp, with which the clouds of different sections of the eye structure are noticeable. If the patient only begins the disease, then additional consultation may be needed at the endocrinologist, traumatologist and other narrow-profile specialists. Comprehensive diagnostics include such manipulations:

When the patient is examined, he must check the visual sharpness.

• change of visual acuity;
• clarification of refraction;
• survey of field fields;
• measurement of intraocular pressure.

How is it treated?

Effective drugs

The beginning of the disease is easier to be drugized measures, rather than launched forms of illness. The initial senile cataract is usually treated with complex, including using medicines. It is impossible to completely eliminate the deviation through pharmaceuticals, but it is possible to stop clouds for a while. Without surgery, you can cope with the symptoms of starting cataracts using such drugs:

The initial cataract is accompanied by partial closet of lens. Such a disease provokes a decrease in visual acuity and without proper treatment can lead to blindness. Most often, the cataract appears in the elderly. At the initial stage, this pathology is to be treated the easiest way, so when the first symptoms are found to see the doctor. In order for you to identify this disease at the first stage of development, we will consider it more.

At this stage of the development of cataracts, lens hydrotation occurs. Because of this process, it becomes more and disrupted the refractive abilities of the eye. It creates a temporary illusion that vision has improved. After hydrating lens, peripheral changes begin, which lead to the development of turbidity. As the disease progressing, education is becoming more and sent to the axis.

Such changes lead to a violation of crust properties and a gradual decrease in visual acuity.

Symptoms

Cataract in the initial stage can be revealed to deteriorate acuteness. However, in the early stages of progression, it can not be detected from all patients. The first manifestations of pathology will be splitting objects in the eyes and lights. People also periodically observe small spots or strokes.

In addition, the initial stage of cataract is accompanied by other symptoms. These include:

Considering the fact that cataract is the initial is the first stage of the development of pathology, all listed symptoms may be implicit.

Causes of disease

This pathology most often appears due to the natural aging of the body. In the elderly, the lens becomes larger and dense, so there is no dysfunction of the microelements of its tissues. In rare cases, an asymmetric cataract occurs (there is a violation only on one eye), it is most often provoked by the reception of certain medicines or general intoxication of the body.

We list the most common causes of clouding lens:

• severe injury, contusion or penetrating eye injury;
• prolonged impact of ultraviolet or infrared radiation;
• reception of corticosteroids or phenothiazinam for a long time;
• uve or iridocyclitis, which for a long time were not treated;
• congenital imagination of the retina;
• diabetes, hypocalcemia, as well as dystrophy.

Congenital diseases and chronic disorders negatively affect the state of the whole organism and the eye apparatus.

Medicia treatment

If the patient, when detecting symptoms of cataracts in time, wondered about what a doctor was visited, then the vision correction can be made by medicines. Due to the fact that pathology has not yet progressed greatly, ordinary eye drops will help improve blood circulation in the eyes and normalize the patient's condition.

We list the main drugs that are prescribed in the diagnosis of initial cataracts:

The reception of therapeutic drugs must necessarily be agreed with the doctor.

Operational intervention

Only a doctor after complete diagnosis and examination of the patient may be argued about how to treat cataract. Unfortunately, medicines do not always help people with cataracts, so you have to resort to other methods of therapy.

In some cases, medicines only stop the progression of the disease, but after a few years it continues to develop. Most doctors insist on surgery to replace the lens even when the treatment has given effect. The fact is that the relapse takes place in 99% of cases, so the earlier the replacement of the lens will be carried out, the safer it will be for your health.

You can treat the cataract in a surgical way without any concerns, since such a procedure is carried out quite often and modern methods cause minimal damage to the eye apparatus. As a result, the patient can see well without glasses and contact lenses.

For this purpose, the surgeon will make a small incision through which a lens crystal and remove it. Next, the installation of an artificial intraocular lens is performed. For such manipulations, a specialist goes no more than an hour. Local anesthesia is made before operation, therefore, the patient does not feel pain or discomfort. Improving visual acuity can be noticed in a few hours after surgery.

Cataract treatment must be complex, therefore, ophthalmologists are most often prescribed, and then a lens removal operation. To avoid complications and achieve full recovery of vision, you need to regularly visit the doctor and follow all its recommendations.

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