Sociological study of the attitude of young people. Summary: Sociological research Youth attitude to reading
1. Methodological section.
1.1. Relevance of the topic.
1.2. Definition of the problem.
1.3. Scientific development of the research topic.
1.4. Logical analysis of concepts.
1.5. Purpose of the study.
1.6. Research objectives.
1.7. Object of study.
1.8. Subject of study.
1.9. Hypotheses.
2. Methodology - procedural section.
2.1. Methods for collecting primary empirical information.
2.2. Place, time of the research. Toolkit name.
2.3. Characteristics of the instrumentation.
2.4. Sample.
2.5. Methods for processing social information.
2.6. The practical significance of the study.
Applications:
2.7. Application form.
2.8. Research work plan.
2.9. Bibliography.
3. Analytical section.
1. Methodological section of the program.
1.1. Relevance of the topic.
At the present time, the problem is that people of different ages, social backgrounds and nationalities are beginning to read books less and less. mostly use the Internet or listen to music.
Personally, I was prompted to choose this topic, the fact that all people began to read less and the level of colloquial speech is getting worse, and some do not even know very famous writers.
At the moment, the number of people who like to read is getting smaller. This phenomenon is associated with the increasing penetration of Western culture into our country and with its growing pressure on the consciousness of our compatriots, especially on young people. That is why I am interested in the opinion of people, not so much the elderly as the young.
Let my social research program be the impetus for all of this. After all, reading various literature is useful, each time you can learn more and more.
1.2 Problem definition.
Nowadays there is a huge problem that people do not want to read. I think this is due to the fact that some do not have time, others after work or study get very tired and therefore can no longer read, while others prefer the Internet or listen to music.
1.3. Scientific development of the research topic.
Reading culture of youth: myths and reality.
Anna Akimova
1) The respondents also answered the question about their attitude to the school curriculum in literature. 42% answered that it needs to be supplemented with modern literature. In second place is the answer “it contains the best literature” - 32.2%. But mostly those who are still in school answered this way. Those who are already working, which means they have the opportunity to read more for themselves, have a very skeptical attitude to the school curriculum - 21.1% answered that it needs a complete revision.
The most famous contemporary writers for the respondents were Boris Akunin, Sergey Lukyanenko , as well as authors of ironic detective stories. Only 19 people could answer the question about the modern British writer, all of them named the author of the Harry Potter series (Joan Rolling) . The rest named either old English writers, or even American ones.
According to the responses of young people, it is clear that they have home libraries: 38.6% answered that they have more than 200 books at home, 43.6% - from 50 to 200 books. But, despite this, young people prefer to buy books for reading in bookstores (42.9%), in third place after home libraries were public libraries (18.7%). Of course, the source of obtaining a book strongly depends on age: schoolchildren borrow books from libraries (39.4%), among those who work, only 2.8% use libraries.
80% of librarians are sure that today's youth reads less than in the 1980s and 1990s. Although analysis of sales and reader activity shows that young people now read more than in the 1990s, when acute social problems pushed young people onto the streets, in addition, there were no new well-known authors to act as “locomotives”. Now books like Harry Potter, Coelho's books , Lukyanenko, Akunina, attract young people more and more, and well-known film adaptations only fuel this interest. It is difficult to say anything definite about the 1980s due to the fact that the official statistics of those years provide very distorted information.
What interferes with reading? 45% of respondents answered that television is the most important obstacle to reading for young people; more than 50% - what interferes with the Internet and computers. The high workload at school is also among the leaders here - 25% of librarians see this as the main obstacle for young people to read.
Vishnikina Katya (source "Gazeta ALTERNATIVA")
The address : http://www.kalitva.ru/2007/06/14/chto_chitaet_molodezh.html
2) The most popular now is modern philosophy. It turned out that for the most part, teenagers choose the "advertised" authors of philosophical action games - Angel de Cuatier and Paulo Coelho. Also popular today are the Japanese philosopher Haruki Murakami, Richard Bach, who wrote the famous (and no less complex) "Jonathan Livingston Seagull." It turned out that after the publication of Dan Brown's book "The Da Vinci Code" in 2006, she was instantly swept off the shelves, and in libraries this book is always "on hand". A very fashionable piece! Fiction is usually in second place. Many young people prefer it. Science fiction can be divided into two branches - fantasy (fairy tales) and horror. The king of horror is invariably Stephen King ("The Colorado Kid"). No matter how you scold King, dear teachers of literature, his books will always be popular, people of all ages read them.
Dean Koontz, a modern wonderful science fiction writer, is somewhat inferior to King.
The most widely read books are the Harry Potter series by writer Joan Rolling. They are read by everyone - young and old. The theme of the beloved fairy-tale world is continued by the books of the famous French director Luc Besson. The magical adventures of the boy Arthur even began to be filmed. Unfortunately, only a few people read books with interest and enthusiasm. About 70 percent of schoolchildren borrow only school literature and materials for reports from libraries. Of the classical works, young people prefer The Master and Margarita. This work has attracted the younger generations for a long time. And, finally, magazines are the most entertaining literature. Their "divorced" a lot of the most different. For example, "YES!", "Liza", "GLAMOR". I think we shouldn't complain about the fact that we have become less reading. Yes, the facts are very deplorable: 52% of Russians do not buy books at all, 37% do not read them, 79% do not use libraries.
About literary evolution.
Yu. N. Tynyanov
3) The position of the history of literature continues to be, among the cultural disciplines, the position of the colonial power. On the one hand, it is largely owned by individualistic psychologism (especially in the West), where the question of literature is inappropriately replaced by the question of author's psychology, and the question of literary evolution by the question of the genesis of literary phenomena. On the other hand, a simplified causal approach to the literary series leads to a gap between the point from which the literary series is observed - and this always turns out to be the main, but also further social series - and the literary series itself. The construction of a closed literary series and the consideration of evolution within it runs up against neighboring cultural, everyday in a broad sense, social series and, therefore, is doomed to be incomplete. The theory of value in literary science has caused the danger of studying the main, but also individual phenomena and brings the history of literature into the form of "history of generals". The blind rebuff to the "history of the generals" in turn aroused interest in the study of mass literature, but without a clear theoretical understanding of the methods of its study and the nature of its meaning.
Finally, the connection between literary history and living contemporary literature - a connection that is beneficial and necessary for science - turns out to be not always necessary and beneficial for developing literature, whose representatives are ready to accept literary history as the establishment of certain traditional norms and laws and the "historicity" of a literary phenomenon is confused with "historicism" in relation to him. As a result of the last conflict, a desire arose to study individual things and the laws of their construction on an extrahistorical level (the abolition of the history of literature).
Evgeny Leshchinsky (source "Our World")
Address: http: // www. knigi .ru / lilit / .html
4) In a similar way, the most difficult, least studied question is solved: about literary genres. The novel, which seems to be a whole, within itself over the centuries developing genre, turns out to be not a single, but variable, with material changing from literary system to system, with a changing method of introducing extra-literary speech materials into literature, and the very signs of the genre evolve. The genres "story", "story" in the system of the 1920s and 1940s were determined, as is evident from the very names, by other features than in our country. We tend to name genres according to secondary performance characteristics, roughly speaking, by size. The names "story", "story", "novel" for us are adequate to the definition of the number of printed sheets. This proves not so much the "automatism" of genres for our literary system, as the fact that genres are defined in our country by other criteria. The size of a thing, speech space is not an indifferent sign. In a work isolated from the system, we are not at all able to determine the genre, because what was called an ode in the 20s of the 19th century, or, finally, Fet, was called an ode not on the basis of those characteristics that during Lomonosov's time.
On this basis, we conclude that the study of isolated genres outside the signs of the genre system with which they relate is impossible. Tolstoy's historical novel is not correlated with the historical novel by Zagoskin, but correlated with contemporary prose.
Strictly speaking, literary phenomena cannot be considered outside the correlation. This is, for example, the question of prose and poetry. We tacitly consider metric prose - prose and non-metric free libre - as verse, not realizing that in a different literary system we would be put in a difficult position.
But prose differentiates, evolves, and verse evolves at the same time. Differentiation of one correlated type entails or, better said, is associated with the differentiation of another correlated type. Metric prose appears (for example, Andrei Bely). This is due to the transfer of the verse function in verse from meter to other signs, partly secondary, productive: to rhythm as a sign of verse units, special syntax, special vocabulary, etc. The function of prose to verse remains, but the formal elements that perform it are others.
Further evolution of forms can either fix the function of verse to prose over the centuries, transfer it to a whole series of other features, or violate it, make it insignificant; and just as in modern literature the relativity of genres is insignificant (in terms of secondary, productive characteristics), so a period may come when it will be insignificant in a work, whether it is written in verse or prose.
Anna Skvortsova
Address: http: // gazeta. ru /
5) If we agree that evolution is a change in the ratio of the members of a system, that is, a change in functions and formal elements, evolution turns out to be a "change" of systems. These changes are either slower or leapfrogging from epoch to epoch and do not imply a sudden and complete renewal and replacement of formal elements, but they presuppose a new function of these formal elements. Therefore, the very comparison of certain literary phenomena should be carried out by function, and not only by form. Apparently completely dissimilar phenomena of different functional systems can be similar in function. and vice versa. The question is obscured here by the fact that each literary trend in a certain period is looking for its support points in the previous systems - that which can be called "tradition".
So, perhaps, the functions of Pushkin's prose are closer to the functions of Tolstoy's prose, rather than the functions of Pushkin's verse to the function of his imitators in the 1930s and Maikov.
To summarize: the study of the evolution of literature is possible only when one treats literature as a series, a system correlated with other series, systems conditioned by them. Consideration should go from a constructive function to a literary function, from a literary to a speech one. It should clarify the evolutionary interaction of functions and forms. Evolutionary study should go from the literary series to the nearest related series, and not further, albeit the main one.
The dominant significance of the main social factors is not only not rejected by this, but should be fully clarified, precisely in the issue of the evolution of literature, while the direct establishment of the "influence" of the main social factors replaces the study of the evolution of literature by studying the modification of literary works, their deformation.
Young people in the new century will read less and less, no excuses. Young people now read a lot, and on their own, without pressure from the school and parents. Different genres and authors fall into the circle of interests of young readers, the book business industry makes it possible to learn more and more new names. Reading has not suffered from the development of new information technologies, while only television competes with reading. Over the years, reading has become primarily entertainment; detective stories and fantasy are now among the most popular genres. This is what worries most of all: after all, in the Russian tradition, fiction for a long time shaped life values \u200b\u200band raised the younger generation. Libraries in such a situation should foster taste and critical thinking among young readers. Reading in our time is really prestigious!
1 .four. Logical analysis of concepts.
1.4.1. Interpretation and operationalization of concepts.
Key concepts:
3. Literary genres;
4. Youth.
Theoretical interpretation of key concepts:
1. Books - a selection of sheets of paper, parchment or other sheet material containing text and (or) illustrations transferred to them in any way, fastened on one edge and protected by a cover. Each side of a sheet in a book is called a page. Sometimes a book refers to a large section of a document or piece of literature. A book written in electronic format is also called an e-book or e-book.
2. Genre - a set of formal and substantive features of a work. Genres are shaped by sets of conditions; many works use multiple genres by borrowing and combining these terms. The possible definitions of genre are sometimes limited to art and culture, especially literature, but a long history of use of the term is also observed in rhetoric. In genre studies, a concept is not compared to its original meaning. Rather, all existing works reflect certain conditions, while participating in the creation of a definition of the concept of a genre.
3. Literary genres: epic, drama, ode, elegy, story, story, novel, poem, poem.
Epic is a heroic narrative song.
Drama - The main difference between drama and other literary genres is its purpose for the stage.
Oda is a solemn pathetic poem. In the V - IV centuries. BC. performed only with music, singing, dancing. In ancient Greece, sporting events were glorified with odes. In ancient Rome, Horace separated the ode from music. A great master of odes was considered in the 16-17th century in France by Malerbo. At the same time in Russia the best odes in the genre were Lomonosov, Trediakovsky, Derzhavin.
Elegy is a genre of lyrics that arose in the 7th century BC in ancient Greece.
The story is a small form of epic prose literature.
The story is the oldest genre of Russian literature.
The novel took place in Romance languages \u200b\u200bin the ancient and Middle Ages, but had only some of the features of a modern novel.
The poem is a variety of subjects of this poetic genre.
A poem is a large form of a lyric-epic genre, a poetic work with a plot-narrative organization, a story or a novel in verse. The flourishing of this genre is associated with romanticism. Poems were written by Byron, Shelley, Mitskevich, Pushkin, Lermontov.
4. Youth is a specific socio-demographic physical group characterized by a period of social adaptation, the formation of social maturity and psychological characteristics.
1.5. Purpose of the study.
To identify which genres of literature are most preferable among young people, since I believe that nowadays it is very important to read.
1.6. Research objectives.
1) determine the attitude of young people to reading books;
2) find out the dependence of the choice of the genre of the book on age;
3) to reveal the dependence of the choice of the genre of the book on gender;
4) identify favorite places to read books;
5) what books are of interest to today's youth.
1.7. Object of study.
The object of the research is the full-time students of the Moscow State University of Economics and Technology, who give preference to various genres of literature.
1.8. Subject of study.
The subject of the research is the genres preferred by students of various ages.
1.9. Hypotheses.
- Most students think that reading books is a waste of time. (The question in questionnaire # 5 was used for verification).
- The older a person is, the more he begins to read scientific books. (The question in questionnaire # 1 was used for verification).
- Girls prefer novels, and young people prefer stories and stories. (The question in questionnaire # 3 was used for verification).
- Most people prefer to read in public transport, on vacation, at home, at work and at university. (The question in questionnaire # 11 was used for verification).
- The obstacles to reading are lack of books, lack of time, family life cycle, lack of interest. (For verification, the question in the questionnaire No. 6, 7 and 8 was used).
2. Methodical section of the program.
2.1. Methods for collecting primary sociological information.
Survey in the form of a questionnaire.
2.2. Place and time of the study. Toolkit name.
Location: Moscow.
Time: November, 2008.
Toolkit: Questionnaire.
Toolkit name: Literary genres of literature.
2.3. Characteristics of the toolkit.
There are 12 questions in the questionnaire, including:
1. Questions about the content:
1.1. About the personality of the respondent - №1-3.
1.2. About the facts of behavior - №10.
1.3. About the facts of consciousness - №5.
2. Questions about the form:
2.1. Open - No. ---.
2.2. Closed - No. 6,7,8,11.
2.3. Semi-open - No. 10.
3. Questions about registration:
3.1. Linear - No. 1-12.
3.2. Tabular -No ---
4. Questions-filters -No. 1-12.
5. Trap questions -No ---.
6. By function:
6.1 Basic - 10.
6.2 Minor - 2.
2.4. Sample.
This sociological study involved 50 people aged 17 to 25 years.
2.5. Methods for processing sociological information.
This case study provides for a manual method of processing empirical information.
2.6. The practical significance of the study.
This sociological study is of great practical importance. The processed data can be used as existing libraries for the further development of certain areas or the development of an absolutely new one that has not previously attracted attention.
In addition, the results of the study can show which genre of literature is the most preferable in the Russian Federation.
Attachment 1.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear survey participant! We are asking you to express your preference in literature.
The survey is anonymous. The results of the survey will be used in a summary form.
Filling technique: after reading the questions, underline (circle) the answer code that is closest to your personal opinion or write your own version.
2nd year student of FU
Trubitsyna Natalia
1. Your age.
a) under 18
b) from 18 to 20
c) from 20 to 23
d) from 23 to 25
2. Your occupation.
a) student not working
b) student working
If your answer is b) indicate the profession _______________
3. Your gender.
a) male
b) female
4. Your education.
a) average
b) secondary special
c) incomplete higher
If you answered NO, go to question number 12
6. What do you prefer more domestic or foreign literature?
a) Russian literature
b) foreign literature
7. What are you reading? (there are two possible answers)
a) classic
b) modern books
8. What genre of the book do you prefer?
a) epic
b) drama (tragedy, comedy)
d) lyrics (elegy)
e) story (essay, sketch, short story)
f) story
h) poem
9. How much time do you usually read a day?
a) less than an hour
b) from 1 to 3 hours
c) from 3 to 5 hours
d) other ______________
10. How long did you take to read your last book?
a) per day
b) in a week
c) for a month
d) other _________________
11. Where do you usually read? (several answers are possible)
b) at the institute
c) at work
d) in public transport
e) on vacation
f) other ______________
12. If you have a home library?
Thanks for answers!!!
Appendix 2.
Research work plan.
| Name of events | Deadlines | Responsible |
| Development of the CSI program | 05.11 – 07.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Tool development | 08.11 – 10.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Development of instructions for organizers and questionnaires | 11.11 – 12.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Replication of the toolkit | 13.11 -15.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Briefing of organizers and questionnaires | 16.11 – 18.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Collection, processing and preparation of questionnaires | 19.11 – 21.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Analysis of the information received, its generalization and display | 22.11 – 23.11 | Trubitsyna N.D .. |
| Preparation of analytical notes and reports | 24.11 - 27.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
| Presentations and implementation of the research results into practice | 28.11 – 30.11 | Trubitsyna N.D. |
Appendix 3.
Bibliography.
1. Reading culture of youth: myths and reality. Anna Akimova.
2. Vishnikina Katya (source "Gazeta ALTERNATIVA") http://www.kalitva.ru/2007/06/14/chto_chitaet_molodezh.html
3. About literary evolution. Yu. N. Tynyanov.
4. Evgeny Leshchinsky (source "Our World") http: // www. knigi .ru / lilit / .html
5. Anna Skvortsova http :// gazeta . ru /
3. Analytical section.
1. Do young people read (in%):
Conclusion: young people now read a lot, and on their own. Different genres and authors fall into the circle of interests of young readers. So far, only television competes with reading. Over the years, reading has become primarily entertainment; detective stories and fantasy are now among the most popular genres. This is what worries most of all: after all, in the Russian tradition, fiction for a long time shaped life values \u200b\u200band raised the younger generation.
2. The choice of a literary genre, depending on age (in%):
| Epic | Drama | Oh yeah | Lyrics | Story | The story | Novel | Poem | Poem | |
| <18 | 0 | 14 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 36 | 14 | 22 |
| 18-20 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 17 | 26 | 13 | 5 |
| 20-23 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| 23-25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Conclusion: a novel that seems to be a whole, within itself over the centuries a developing genre turns out to be not a single, but variable, with material changing from literary system to system, with a changing method of introducing extra-literary speech materials into literature, and the very signs of the genre evolve. It is most preferable among young people under 18 years of age. Basically, young people aged 18 to 25 years old prefer: "story", "story". On this basis, we conclude that the study of isolated genres outside the signs of the genre system with which they relate is impossible.
3. The choice of a literary genre, depending on gender:
Conclusion: in a similar way, the most difficult, least researched question is solved: about literary genres.
The fact is that prose and poetry are related to each other, there is a mutual function of prose and verse. The function of verse in a certain literary system was performed by the formal element of the meter.
The table shows that young people love poetry, and girls love novels.
4. Most preferred reading places:
5. What books do young people prefer most of all:
Conclusion: nowadays such modern books as "Harry Potter", Coelho's books , Lukyanenko, Akunina, attract young people more and more, and well-known film adaptations only fuel this interest, foreign literature is also a success.
General conclusion.
During the study, many hypotheses were proven, some were refuted.
As a result, we can conclude that many students like to read, while others do not.
Most students read in a public place, on the way from college or college, it turns out that in the subway and on buses.
The fact is that prose and poetry are related to each other, there is a mutual function of prose and verse. The function of verse in a certain literary system was performed by the formal element of the meter.
The novel, which seems to be a whole, within itself over the centuries developing genre, turns out to be not a single, but variable, with material changing from literary system to system, with a changing method of introducing extra-literary speech materials into literature, and the very signs of the genre evolve.
* This work is not a scientific work, is not a final qualifying work and is the result of processing, structuring and formatting the collected information intended for use as a source of material for self-preparation of educational work.
1. THEORETICAL SECTION
1.1 Formulation and justification of the problem, its relevance
A problem is a complex issue that requires study, research and solution. The problem of this sociological study is to study the spread of drugs in the life of modern youth.
Drug abuse, known since ancient times, has now spread at a rate that worries the entire world community. Even with the narrowing, from the point of view of narcologists, the boundaries of drug addiction to legal acceptable in many countries, drug addiction is recognized as a social disaster. Narcotic mafias run states (Latin America), have their own armies (Southeast Asia). The revenues of the clandestine drug dealing corporations exceed the known revenues from the oil trade and are close to the global revenues from the arms trade. The abuse in the youth environment is especially disastrous - both the present and the future of society are affected. From the point of view of narcologists, the complete picture of the spread of abuse, including the forms of substance abuse, is even more tragic. Substances and drugs not included in the drug list are usually even more malignant, resulting in even more damage to the individual. In the international anti-drug center in New York, there is a document indicating the number of drug addicts in the world - 1,000,000,000 people. Drug addiction, as the experts of the World Health Organization emphasize, is a major threat to public health on a global scale. Each state takes measures to prevent abuse among the population, and Russia is no exception. The scale and rate of the spread of drug addiction, the wide scope of illicit drug trafficking testifies to the low effectiveness of the drugs taken
measures. Until now, doctors and psychologists have not developed effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts. An effective anti-drug propaganda system has not been created.
Over the past 8 years, the number of drug treatment dispensaries has decreased by 1.5 times, the number of drug treatment beds - by 2.3 times. A serious obstacle to increasing the effectiveness of therapy for drug addicts is the lack of rehabilitation centers and departments in the country designed for long-term stay of patients. The issue of the use of specially trained psychologists and sociologists in narcological institutions has not been resolved.
Thus, today the issue of the abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is still relevant, and its final decision remains with legislators, doctors and society. Not only society should fight this problem, but also each person should be aware of the great harm of drug addiction and try to fight it. Only then can we talk about solving this problem. And so we decided to conduct this sociological study in order to clearly see the spread of drug addiction among young people, because youth are the foundation of our society.
1.2 Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to identify the state of this problem at a given point in time, in our city.
1.3 Research Objective: Collect as much information as possible on this issue using a sociological survey.
1.4 Object of research: Youth aged 17 - 23 years.
1.5 Subject of research: The attitude of young people to the problem of drug addiction.
1.6 Respondents of the sociological survey were 2-year students of the Faculty of Law of the VVAGS in the amount of 30 people.
1.7 The method of sociological survey was the questionnaire.
1.8 Formulation of the hypothesis.
As mentioned above, drug addiction is one of the most pressing problems now, and the later we start closely, at the level of state regulation, to deal with this problem, the more difficult it will be to defeat and overcome this misfortune. In our opinion, the negative consequences of this defect are, first of all, harm to health. In addition, drugs destroy the spiritual world of a person, faith in something good, pure, holy. They cover his soul with mud, which makes it very difficult to see something positive. There are many factors that can influence a person's addiction. These are, first of all, social, economic, psychological. In our country, this is especially important, because Russia is far from being in the first echelon of countries in terms of people's well-being. Our questionnaire is designed in such a way that after analyzing the answers to it, we can conclude: "What exactly prompts people to take drugs?" Also, by analyzing the data, you can get information about how young you are aware of the available narcotic drugs, and about its attitude towards drug addiction in general. Of all the questions in the questionnaire, I would like to single out two of them, by which it is possible to determine what determines whether a person is inclined to use drugs or not. THIS IS:
2. Where do you live?
Since only a few of the respondents admitted that they had tried drugs, we would like to put the question differently. Those. correlate the answers to these three questions with the answer to the following question: "Are there any people close to you who use drugs?" This is primarily due to the fact that the question "Have you ever tried the taste of drugs?" the majority of respondents answered biasedly, although the questionnaire was anonymous. And to the question: "Are there any people close to you who use drugs?" there were no reasons for biased answers.
We believe that the more financially secure a family is, the more likely it is that a person has acquaintances who use drugs. It may be against his will, because money is needed to buy drugs, therefore, drug addicts prefer to communicate with wealthier people, so that in case of a lack of money they have people who can, for example, lend them this money. It can also be assumed that if a family lives from paycheck to paycheck, then the person, not finding an understanding of the house, the desired mental disposition, goes to the “street”. Those. the street seems to him to be a more favorable environment for spending time, and there he meets drug addicts.
We also believe that a person's place of residence also affects his environment. Living at home with his parents, he has difficult access to drug addicts. Since at home it is monitored. If a person lives, for example, in a hostel, then he has more opportunities for acquiring drug addicts-acquaintances.
Our further research is intended to test this hypothesis.
2. PRACTICAL SECTION
2.1 INFORMATION PROCESSING
1. In your opinion, how serious is the problem of drug use today?
Extremely serious 14 46.67
generally serious 11 36.67
not very serious 2 6.67
completely frivolous 1 3.33
find it difficult to answer 2 6.67
As you can see from the histogram, the majority of respondents answered that this problem is extremely serious or serious. It is gratifying to see that young people understand the importance of this problem.
2. For what reasons, in your opinion, some young people start using drugs?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
under the influence of the company 7 23.33
after drinking alcohol 2 6.67
from idleness 1 3.33
from ignorance of the consequences 0 0.00
from the desire for pleasure 4 13.33
out of curiosity 3 10.00
due to the desire to look older 1 3.33
from a desire to forget troubles 6 20,00
due to inability to control their behavior 1 3.33
due to lack of supervision by elders 2 6.67
by external compulsion 0 0.00
out of interest in the "forbidden fruit" 1 3.33
to become "your" 2 6.67
other reasons 0 0.00
As you can see from the bar graph, young people believe that the main reasons why young people start using drugs are: the influence of the company and the desire to forget the troubles. In our opinion, both are manifested primarily as a consequence of the fact that parents pay little attention to their children, do not discuss their problems with them, and they find the solution to their problems in drugs.
3. Have you ever been in a situation where drugs were used in your presence?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
As you can see from the bar graph, the majority of the respondents answered “No”.
But the situation is darkened by the fact that 30% answered “Yes”. Which once again confirms the fact that drugs have a strong position in our society.
4. Have you been asked to “join”?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
Since in the previous question only 9 respondents gave an affirmative answer, this question was asked only to them, and we drew a conclusion from 9 respondents. As in the previous question, the majority answered “No”.
But there are two people who answered “Yes”. This once again confirms that one of the main reasons why young people start using drugs is the influence of the company.
5. Have you ever observed a person under the influence of drugs?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
don't remember 3 10,00
Most of the respondents answered “no”. But about 27% answered “Yes”. From this we can conclude that at least a third of us have seen a person who is in a state of drug intoxication and can imagine the consequences of drugs. But on the other hand, some might think that this is a state of relaxation, which, on the contrary, is the propaganda of drugs. The state must ensure that people who are "high" do not appear in public places, and thus do not affect the psyche of children and adolescents.
6. Have you ever tasted drugs?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
no 30 100,00
As can be seen from the histogram, all respondents unanimously answered “No”. But in our opinion, some were deceiving, thereby not exposing themselves to suspicion.
7. Have you ever encountered drug traffickers?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
regularly 0 0.00
sometimes 9 30.00
once 10 33.33
never 11 36.67
As can be seen from the histogram, more than half of the respondents have encountered drug traffickers at least once. I am glad that none of the respondents answered the question “Regularly”.
8. How often do you discuss drug problems and drug use with your friends?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
regularly 11 36.67
sometimes 14 46.67
never 5 16.67
As you can see from the histogram, more than two thirds of the respondents discuss this problem. This means that the problem of drug addiction worries young people and they pay close attention to it, and do not leave it unnoticed, they say, “This does not concern me, let it be, it will be!”.
8. From what sources and how often do you get information about drugs and the consequences of their use?
Most of the respondents answered that they mostly get information about drugs from the media and from friends. I am glad that the media are actively involved in anti-drug propaganda. It was disappointing that parents pay little attention to this issue, and practically no one reads special literature.
9. Do you need such information at all?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
badly needed 12 40.00
basically need 14 46.67
hardly 4 13.33
absolutely unnecessary 0 0.00
find it difficult to answer 0 0.00
As can be seen from the histogram, the overwhelming majority of the respondents believe that such information is needed. I am glad that none of the respondents answered that such information is not needed. Those. it is clear that young people are interested in the problem of drug addiction and this problem is not indifferent to them.
10. There are many drugs. To what extent are you aware of them?
The most popular among the respondents were such drugs as: extract of poppy straw, hashish, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy. Some people also know such drugs as: anasha. barbiture, LSD, tranquilizers. Unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately, no one has heard of such drugs as: amphetamine, ketamine, codeine, crack, methadone, morphine, pervitin, plan, phenamine, khanka, ephedrine.
11. To what extent do you agree with the statements below?
From the answers to this question, we can conclude that young people believe that drug addicts are outwardly unpleasant, look repulsive, they think that it is dangerous to communicate with drug addicts due to the fact that they are prone to crime. No one thought that they make life more interesting, no one felt sorry for them, tk. not a single respondent agreed with the statement "Drug addicts are defenseless and pitying." From all this, we would like to conclude that drug addicts cause negative emotions and associations in students.
name of the feature number of respondents share%
male 13 43.33
female 17 56.67
Most of the respondents are female, but we believe that this indicator does not affect anything.
13 you are learning
name of the feature number of respondents share%
on the budget 12 40.00
on a commercial basis 18 60.00
As can be seen from the histogram, most of the surveyed students study on a commercial basis. But we think that this indicator does not affect anything either.
2.2 hypothesis testing
Are there any people close to you who use drugs?
name of the feature number of respondents share%
Most of the respondents answered “no”, but there is a third who answered “yes”. Those. this once again confirms the urgency of the problem of drug addiction, and confirms that drug addiction must be fought immediately. But let's correlate the answer to this question with the answer to the question:
Where do you live? The general answer table and histogram look like this:
name of the feature number of respondents share%
at home with parents 16 53.33
in the hostel 9 30.00
in a private apartment 4 13.33
from relatives 1 3.33
Judging by the histogram, most live at home with their parents. At first glance, this does not affect anything, but let's return to our hypothesis:
5 out of 9 respondents living in a hostel: "Are there any people close to you who use drugs?" answered "Yes". And this is 50% of all those who answered “Yes” to this question. Consequently, part of our hypothesis turned out to be true that students with less control have easier access to people who use drugs. 3 out of 4 respondents living in a private apartment answered “Yes” to the same question. And this is another 30% of those who answered “Yes”. Adding these two numbers together, we get 70%!
From this we can conclude that the student's place of residence greatly affects his social circle. And if we add to this the fact that 75% of those who live in a private apartment have acquaintances of drug addicts, then the situation is generally awful. On the other hand, 2 out of 16 people living at home with their parents answered “Yes” to this question, which is only 20% of the total.
Therefore, we have proved the first part of the hypothesis.
Now let's check the dependence of the financial situation of people and the question "Are there any people close to you who use drugs?"
First, consider a general table and a histogram of answers to this question.
name of the feature number of respondents share%
we live paycheck to paycheck 6 20.00
enough for daily expenses, but serious purchases are difficult 4 13.33
money, in principle, but savings are no longer enough to buy expensive durables 10 33.33
buying most durable goods is straightforward 7 23.33
we can hardly deny ourselves anything 3 10.00
As can be seen from the pie chart, the financial condition of most families is average, in second place are families with a low financial condition and an above average condition.
And now let's correlate these data with the answer to the question: "Are there any people close to you who use drugs?"
4 out of 6 respondents, whose families live from paycheck to paycheck, answered this question: “Yes”, i.e. this is 40% of all who answered “Yes” to this question.
I would also like to note that 2 out of 3 respondents, whose families practically do not deny themselves anything, also answered “Yes” to this question: this is 20% of all who answered “Yes”, 66% of all those whose families are not in what they do not deny themselves.
I would like to note that only 10% of the respondents, whose financial condition is average, have drug addicts.
If we add up the indicators of the poorest and the richest, we can observe the following picture:
The majority of people, namely 60%, who answered “Yes” to this question, are those who either live richly or poorly. This once again confirms our hypothesis. The material condition of the family greatly influences the circle of the students' environment.
CONCLUSION
The state pays great attention to the problem of drug addiction, developing various programs and methods to combat this pernicious ailment. The main goal of the programs is to halt the growth of illicit drug consumption and trafficking, and, subsequently, to gradually reduce the prevalence of drug addiction and related offenses to a level of minimal danger to society. Priority attention is paid to improving the activities and building up the efforts of society in the fight against illegal drug trafficking, prevention of drug addiction and related offenses.
So we decided to contribute to this business by conducting a sociological study on the topic: "Students and drugs"
In the course of our sociological research, we learned the attitude of students to the problem of drug addiction. It is known that many young people are in close contact with drugs, and there are mixed opinions about whether this is good or bad. This is what we tried to figure out. We looked at the dependence of the material condition of the families of students, their residence and their circle of environment. We learned about how common various drugs are among young people. I would like to note that young people are quite well aware of this issue. We have proven that the problem of drug addiction is one of the most urgent today. It was pleasant to note that students are not indifferent to the fate of society, and they are ready to actively participate in anti-drug propaganda. In the course of the study, we learned from what sources young people get information about drugs. Proved that the media makes a huge contribution to a good cause, encouraging young people to stop using drugs.
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Ministry of Education and Science of the Khabarovsk Territory
KGBOU SPO
"Komsomolsk - on - Amur Metallurgical College"
Students' Attitude Toward Marriage: A Case Study
Completed: 2nd year student
Petrova Ekaterina
Introduction
I. Research program
1.4.1 Analysis of basic concepts
1.4.2 Main hypothesis
1.6 Research work plan
II. Results of the research
2.1 Passport
Conclusion
application
Introduction
Study type: one-time, selective
General population: students of KGBOU SPO "Komsomolsk-on-Amur Metallurgical College"
Total sample size: 259 people
Sampling type: nested sampling
Methods of collecting sociological information: personalized individual questionnaire filled in by the respondent.
Methods for the analysis of sociological information: elementary statistical analysis.
Purpose of the study: to identify the attitude of young people to marriage and the values \u200b\u200bof family life.
Research objectives:
Identify the main motives for marriage of today's youth;
Find out which marriages young people consider the most lasting;
Reveal the attitude of student youth to the values \u200b\u200bof family life;
Determine the attitude of young people to adultery, as well as to the problem of leadership in the family.
Research report.
The position of youth in society, trends and prospects of its development are of great interest and practical importance for society, primarily because they determine its future. An essential place in this is occupied by the attitude of young people to marriage and the values \u200b\u200bof family life.
The family has always occupied one of the most important places among the values \u200b\u200bof human life. At the same time, the development of the family and changes in its functions are gradually changing the value attitude of people towards it. According to the data obtained, the family remains one of the more significant values \u200b\u200bfor today's youth.
marriage divorce youth
I. Research program
1.1 Statement and justification of the problem
Now is the time when most young people get married without thinking about their decision as seriously as this issue requires. Many people believe that having received a passport, they can consider themselves adults and live by their own rules and principles, regardless of their parents. Some young people get married before reaching the age of majority, having lived for some time, for many of them this leads to divorce.
Therefore, it is necessary to search for other approaches to the disclosure of family problems. One of these is value-based. Its essence lies in considering the family as a value chosen by humanity, realizing the real attainability of this value today and foreseeing its further spread as a component of progress.
The value-based approach to the family as a socio-cultural phenomenon is feasible within the framework of sociology. It is known that the family is aspect-wise included in the consideration of many sciences - philosophy, psychology, ethics, demography. Sociology sees the family as a special value, and this interest in the study of the family as a whole, as a system, puts sociology in a special relation to it. systemic, holistic consideration involves the integration of all knowledge about the family, and not the isolation of its aspect.
Family life is characterized by material and spiritual processes. Through the family, generations of people are replaced, a person is born in it, the race continues through it. The family, its forms and functions directly depend on social relations as a whole, as well as on the level of cultural development of society. Naturally, the higher the culture of the society, therefore, the higher the culture of the family.
The concept of a family should not be confused with the concept of marriage, since it unites not only spouses, but also their children and other relatives.
Currently, there are about 40 million families in Russia. Approximately 69% of families consist of spouses with children, 2.7 million marriages are concluded annually and at the same time 900 thousand marriages are dissolved. About 300 thousand children are left without a father every year.
Intra-family relationships can be both personal (the relationship between mother and son) and group (between parents and children or between married couples in large families).
The essence of the family is reflected in its functions, in the structure and in the role behavior of its members. The most important functions of the family are: reproductive, economic and consumer, educational and reproduction.
Now the average family in Russia consists of 3.2 people. This figure varies significantly depending on the region. The presence of an only child is typical for most urban families. Thus, even simple reproduction is under threat. Until this process is stopped, there remains a very real possibility of depopulation of the population in a number of regions of the country.
What is most important for a marriage to become stronger and more romantic? According to the latest data, couples whose marriage is successful, and the spouses have become really close to each other, do not at all seek to spend all evenings and weekends together. They just happen to be together at different times, meeting sometimes for only five minutes, but these meetings bring joy.
Facts are well known that indicate an increase in the number of divorces, a deep crisis in the institution of the family and a decrease in the birth rate. Moreover, family problems increase the risk of mental and physical ailments in both adults and children. Family problems and tensions affect all of us. It is difficult to argue that many of the troubles of society are rooted in negative factors generated by marital conflicts and the breakdown of families.
So what is the reason for early marriages, how do young people today feel about marriage, are they ready to start a family and what do they consider to be the main thing in its existence - we tried to find answers to many of these questions in the study.
1.2 Definition of the object and subject of research
Object: the object of my research is student youth. There is an opinion that the majority of young people do not take marriage seriously, as a result of which this leads to frequent divorces.
Subject: Students' attitudes towards marriage.
1.3 Goals and objectives of the study
The purpose of this sociological study is to find out the reasons leading to frequent divorces and short marriages.
Research objectives:
· Find out the reasons for marriage;
· Explore the specifics of attitudes towards marriage on the part of girls and boys;
· Find out the alleged reasons for the dissolution of marriages.
1.4 Preliminary analysis of the research object
1.4.1 Analysis of basic concepts
Studying the contradiction between fundamental social interests includes clarifying the content of the following concepts:
Marriage is a family union of a man and a woman, giving rise to their rights and obligations in relation to each other and to children.
In most modern states, the law requires the appropriate registration of marriage, in special state bodies; along with this, in some states, legal significance is also attached to marriage contracted in accordance with religious rites. In many countries, it is not uncommon for a marriage contract to be entered into during marriage.
A marriage contract is a written agreement between the spouses on the treatment of their property after marriage.
The age of marriage is the legal minimum age for marriage (18 in Russia). In some cases, it is allowed to reduce the marriageable age by 1-2 years. However, in any case, the age of marriage cannot be lower than 16 years.
A family is a small group based on marriage or consanguinity, the members of which are linked by a common life, mutual assistance and moral responsibility.
Dissolution of marriage (divorce) - the termination of a marriage during the life of the spouses. In Russia, it is carried out at the request of one or both spouses in court, and with the mutual consent of the spouses who do not have minor children, in the registry office.
1.4.2 Main hypothesis
Students take marriage lightly
1.4.3 Auxiliary hypotheses
1.Most students have a positive view of marriage.
2. Many students find marriage and study incompatible.
3. Almost everyone considers 20-30 years old to be a suitable age for marriage.
4. According to the majority, the head of the family should be a man.
5. Marriage at an early age is denied by almost everyone.
6. The main reason for divorce is treason.
1.5 Definition of the sample
Students of the Komsomolsk - on - Amur Metallurgical College, representatives from I to IV courses, technical and humanitarian specialties, full-time department were randomly selected. Thus, the total number of respondents is 259 people.
1.6 Research work plan
The research includes the following stages:
1) determination of the field and object of research;
2) development of a research program for the subject of analysis, hypotheses;
3) drawing up a questionnaire;
4) replication of questionnaires for respondents;
5) collection of primary information and its processing without the help of a PC;
6) analysis of the results;
The timing of the study is to be determined in October-November 2011.
II. Results of the research
According to the results of the survey, those who have a positive attitude towards marriage, in percentage terms, is 52% of all respondents. It is worth considering that the percentage of those who have a negative attitude towards marriage is 11% among all respondents.
80% of the respondents believe that the most acceptable age for marriage is 20 \u003d 30 years, and an insignificant part of 9% - from 30 years and older. It is also positive that only 2% of respondents answered positively - from 16-18 years old. This means that most students consider marriage at an early age unacceptable.
We got an interesting answer to the 5th question: "When did you meet your first love?" 43% answered that at school, but the answer is saddening 30% of the respondents - have not yet met. An insignificant part, the first love met in a technical school - 14%. This suggests that the process of socialization of adolescents does not go beyond the permissible norms.
Thus, this sociological study shows that the main hypothesis was not confirmed, this is indicated by questions 2, 3 of the Questionnaire. All auxiliary hypotheses were confirmed within 80-90%.
2.1 Passport
Question 20: Your gender.
answered by 259 people (100%)
Male 180 (69%)
Female 79 (31%)
21 questions: your age.
answered 259 people (100%)
16-18 years old 133 (51%)
18-20 years 102 (39%)
20 and over 11 (4%)
Question 22: Your place of birth.
answered by 259 people (100%)
city \u200b\u200b194 (75%)
village 38 (15%)
2.2 Histograms of one-dimensional distributions
1 question: How do you feel about marriage?
answered by 259 people (100%)
positively 134 (52%)
negative 28 (11%)
haven't thought about it yet 73 (28%)
find it difficult to answer 21 (8%)
Question 2: Do you consider it normal to get married while studying at a secondary school?
answered by 259 people (100%)
yes, that's ok 40 (15%)
no, marriage interferes with studies 128 (49%)
maybe 73 (28%)
don't know 17 (7%)
Question 3: At what age do you think you need to get married?
answered by 259 people (100%)
from 16-18 years old 5 (2%)
from 18-20 years 22 (9%)
from 20-30 years 208 (80%)
30 years and older 22 (9%)
Question 4: How do you feel about early marriage (before the age of 18)?
answered by 259 people (100%)
normal 28 (11%)
this is normal, but not for long 56 (22%)
negative 147 (57%)
find it difficult to answer 27 (11%)
Question 5: When did you meet your first love?
answered by 259 people (100%)
in kindergarten 28 (11%)
at school 112 (43%)
in technical school 37 (14%)
did not meet 78 (30%)
Question 6: What is the most normal reason for you to get married?
answered by 259 people (100%)
love 213 (82%)
by flight 19 (7%)
by calculation 23 (9%)
Question 7: Do you want to get married at all?
answered by 259 people (100%)
yes, but I will finish my studies first 121 (47%)
don't know 34 (13%)
Question 8: Will you be planning a lavish celebration or a modest registration?
answered by 259 people (100%)
magnificent wedding 114 (44%)
modest registration 15 (6%)
if possible 125 (48%)
Question 9: Does the social status of your half matter to you?
answered by 259 people (100%)
don't know 28 (11%)
maybe 63 (24%)
Question 10: At what social level should a young person be for you to pay attention to him?
answered 79 people (100%)
student 26 (33%)
businessman 33 (42%)
bandit 15 (19%)
intellectual 13 (16%)
worker 27 (34%)
Question 11: Who do you think should be the head of the family?
answered by 259 people (100%)
husband 134 (52%)
wife 23 (9%)
together 96 (37%)
didn't think about it 4 (2%)
Question 12: Who in the family should earn money?
answered by 259 people (100%)
wife 15% (6%)
both 163 (63%)
by circumstance 22 (8%)
13 question: Because of what can the family break up?
answered by 259 people (100%)
did not agree with the characters 101 (39%)
cheating 128 (49%)
boredom 45 (17%)
no money 28 (11%)
other reasons 66 (25%)
Question 14: Do you think it's okay that many guys stick to the rule: "My girlfriend should be like my mother"?
answered by 259 people (100%)
normal 17 (7%)
primitive 143 95550
maybe, but not overused 88 (34%)
Question 15: Are you married?
answered by 259 people (100%)
no 243 (94%)
Question 16: For what reason?
answered 11 people (100%)
love 6 (55%)
by calculation -
by "flying" 5 (45%)
Question 17: Do you have married friends?
answered by 259 people (100%)
Question 18: Do you approve of their act?
answered by 259 people (100%)
approve 73 (28%)
do not approve 14 (6%)
it's their business 114 (44%)
didn't think about it 22 (9%)
Question 19: How do you feel about marriage with different nationalities?
answered by 259 people (100%)
it doesn't interest me 100 (39%)
negative 40 (16%)
for me there is no difference, but parents are against 21 (8%)
never thought about it 95 (37%)
2.3 Histograms of bivariate distributions
Table 1. Question 1: How do you feel about marriage?
Table 2. Question 2: Do you consider it normal to get married while studying at a secondary school?
Table 3. Question 3: At what age do you think you need to get married?
Table 4. Question 4: How do you feel about early marriage (before the age of 18)?
Table 5. 6 question: What is the most normal reason for you to get married?
Table 6. 7 question: Do you want to get married at all?
Table 7. 8 question: Will you be planning a lavish celebration or a modest registration?
Table 9 11 question: Who do you think should be the head of the family?
Table 10 12 question: Who in the family should earn money?
Table 11 13 question: What causes a family to break up?
Conclusion
The main objective of our study was to find out the reasons why young people marry at an early age. And for what reasons there are frequent divorces. According to the results of the obtained data, the main hypothesis was not confirmed: students are frivolous about marriage. Of the KMT students surveyed, the majority take marriage seriously. All auxiliary hypotheses were confirmed.
application
1. How do you feel about marriage?
a) positively c) haven't thought about it yet
b) negative d) find it difficult to answer
2. Do you consider it normal to get married while attending college?
a) yes, this is normal c) maybe
b) no, marriage interferes with studies d) I don’t know
3. At what age do you think you should get married?
a) from 16-18 years old c) from 20-30 years old
b) from 18-20 years old d) from 30 years old
4. How do you feel about early marriage (before the age of 18)?
a) normal c) negative
b) this is normal, but not for long d) I find it difficult to answer
5. When did you meet your first love?
a) in kindergarten c) in technical school
b) at school d) did not meet
6. What is the most normal reason for you to get married?
a) love c) by calculation
b) by "flying"
7. Do you want to get married at all?
a) yes c) no
b) yes, but first I’ll finish my studies d) I don’t know
8. Will you be planning a lavish celebration or a modest registration?
a) a magnificent wedding c) if possible
b) humble registration
9. Does the social status of your spouse matter to you?
a) yes c) I don’t know
b) no d) maybe
10. At what social level should a young person be for you to pay attention to him?
a) student c) bandit e) worker
b) businessman d) intellectual
11. Who do you think should be the head of the family?
a) husband c) together
b) wife d) didn't think about it
12. Who in the family should earn money?
a) husband c) both
b) wife d) according to circumstances
13. What could cause a family to break up?
a) did not agree on characters c) boredom e) other reasons
b) treason d) lack of money
14. Do you think it's okay for a lot of guys to stick to the "My girlfriend should be like my mother" rule?
a) ok c) maybe, but not overused
b) primitive
15. Are you married?
b) no (do not answer the next question)
16. For what reason?
a) love c) by "flying"
b) by calculation
17. Do you have married friends?
18. Do you approve of their action?
a) approve c) this is their business
b) do not approve d) did not think about it
19. How do you feel about marriage with different nationalities?
a) it doesn't interest me c) it makes no difference for me, but parents
b) negatively against
d) did not think about it
20. What is your gender?
a) male b) female
21. What is your age?
a) 16-18 years old c) from 20 and older
b) 18-20 years old
22. Where was your birth?
a) city b) village
Hello!
I present a case study on the topic "Students' attitudes towards marriage". In the course of studying Sociology, students analyze in detail what a sociological research is, its goals and objectives. For several years they came out with the results of their research on the NSO. Today we are again returning to the institution of the family, tk. it is the most important social institution that forms many of the goals, principles and attitudes of a person. The Year of the Family has passed, and a lot of attention is paid to young families in the state policy of our country. We believe that the topic of our research is relevant at any time.
We presented the results of the study in the form of histograms, both one-dimensional, showing the picture as a whole, and two-dimensional, built on the basis of gender. the vision of some issues is very different for girls and boys.
Key question: "How do you feel about marriage?" showed a positive rating in general. It is good news that students realize the need to get an education first. But if you look at it in the context, then girls are more willing to get married during their studies than boys.
The age range for marriage is postponed for a period of 20-30 years, this is characteristic of the current generation and largely reflects the influence of Western trends.
It is gratifying that students understand the negative impact of such a step as early marriage, both on a physiological level and from a social point of view.
Answers to the question: "When did you meet your first love?" show that the socialization of modern youth fits into the age limits established by sociologists and psychologists.
Love, as the main reason for marriage, is a positive aspect of the overall picture. But if you look at the two-dimensional histogram, you can see that young people are more calculating, and this just reflects the change of roles in relation to the sexes, which is characteristic of modern Russia. The same is true for a higher percentage of marriage “on the fly”.
Let's dwell on the social status of the future partner. If you look at the one-dimensional histogram, the answer is "YES" - 89 and "Maybe" - 63, they say that the social position of a partner is important, especially for girls.
Question: "Who is in charge?", Which will be very relevant in the first year of marriage of a young family. And scientists say: the first crisis of the family is connected with this. In the context, we see that girls are more inclined towards democracy in relationships, while young people prefer house-building customs.
"Who Should Make Money?" - a very acute question today, and in this case the answer is obvious.
But the marriage must also be preserved. Let's see that, in general, the main reason for the breakup is cheating, in second place - they did not agree with the characters, and in third - other reasons. A reason such as lack of money is in last place. What is it: the lack of life experience or the belief that "With a sweetheart paradise and in a hut"?
At the moment, of the 248 people surveyed studying at the KMT, 11 are married and the reasons are obvious.
In general, the results of the study are interesting and informative, because specifically affect the students of our educational institution, and can be used as factual material in the study of social problems of society in the subjects of the humanitarian cycle.
I would like to express my gratitude to the students of gr. GM 9-08: Anna Saffron and Maria Dolzhenkova for their assistance in collecting primary data.
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Date: April - May 2017.
Number of respondents: 500 people.
Age of respondents: from 14 to 30 years old.
The statistical error does not exceed 3.5%.
Family values \u200b\u200bof modern youth
To talk about the image of modern youth, first you need to study the family as the primary institution of socialization of the individual and understand the conditions for the upbringing of a new generation. We will talk about this in our study "The attitude of young people to the institution of the family, which MBU IMC" Chance "conducted in April-May this year. In general, we can say that there is a favorable climate in Togliatti families: the majority of respondents noted that in their home is a good relationship.
Modern girls and boys in marriage prefer equality (59%), when a compromise can always be found. 19% voted for male leadership and 7% - for female leadership.
We decided to find out what traditions exist in Togliatti families. Most of the respondents noted that they are used to getting together at the festive table and celebrating various holidays. Also, during a life together, traditions are formed related to household issues, such as cooking, buying food, cleaning on weekends. An important part in the life of Togliatti residents is occupied by the recreational sphere of life (joint recreation, travel, going to the cinema), as well as maintaining warm relations.
Then we decided to ask young people about plans to create their own unit of society, as 63% said that they would like to create their own family. Moreover, 86% of respondents prefer an official marriage. Data were obtained on the ideal age for marriage, according to young Togliatti residents. For women, the average age was 23.5 years, and for men it is 25.3.
In modern Russia, state policy orients Russians towards increasing the birth rate in the country, as evidenced by various incentive programs. The survey data showed that the majority of young people (52%) consider two children in a family ideal, 23% - “Three children” and 12% answered that it is ideal now when there is one child in the family.
Interesting data was obtained when studying the opinions of Togliatti residents about how they see their family and how they can characterize it. We have proposed a number of adjectives reflecting different types of family. The results show that close-knit families live in Togliatti, as noted by 54% of respondents. 44% and 38% of young people, respectively, described their families as well-bred and calm. 30% of Togliatti families are intelligent and 28% are large. 27% of survey participants said that their family is small. The noise of their families was mentioned by 24%. The honorary title of the family of heroes was awarded to 6%. Also, in Togliatti there are explosive (12%), scandalous (7%) and dysfunctional (2%) families.
For more information, see the Policy Brief below.
Sociological research analysis
Diagram # 1 "Indicate your gender"
The study involved 500 respondents, of which 41% men (205 people), women - 59% (295 people).
Diagram №2 "Age of respondents"
The age composition of the respondents was distributed as follows: the largest part of the respondents represents the age group 14-18 years old - 49% (244 respondents), the second largest group - 19-23 years old - 26% (133 respondents) and the smallest - 24-30 years old - 25% (123 respondents).
Diagram number 3 "Your social status"
I study - 394 (79% of respondents). Of them:
Schoolboy - 171 (44% of respondents)
College student (technical school, vocational school) - 96 (24% of respondents)
University student - 127 (32% of respondents)
I work - 210 (42% of respondents)
I work in the service sector - 164 (78% of respondents)
I work in production - 46 (22% of respondents)
Study and work - 114 (23% of respondents)
Other - 2% (10 respondents). Among the answers are such as: "Ecologist", "I am in the civil service", "Freelancer", "Design engineer", "Maternity leave", "Unemployed".
Diagram # 4 "How would you rate the relationship in your family?"
The family is one of the most ancient social institutions. The family arose much earlier than religion, state, army, education system, market. The institution of the family is considered basic, fundamental in the socialization of the individual. It is in the family that a person learns social roles, receives the basics of knowledge and behavioral skills. Due to the enormous contribution to the development of mankind, many great Western and Russian sociologists were engaged in the study of the institution of the family. To talk about the image of modern youth, you need to study their families, understand the conditions for the upbringing of a new generation, determine the values \u200b\u200bthat the primary institution lays in the minds of the younger generation. To begin with, we decided to ask the respondents a question: "How would you rate the relationship in your family?" In general, we can say that Togliatti families have a favorable climate and a high level of social well-being. Thus, the majority of respondents rated family relationships as “Good” and “Very good” (43% and 37%, respectively). Satisfactory relations among 12% of the families of the respondents. The options "Bad" and "Very bad" were chosen by 4% and 1% of young people, respectively. 2% found it difficult to assess the family situation. And 1% of the survey participants offered their own answer options: “Super cool”, “It depends on whom”, “I have not created my own family yet”, “No family”.
Diagram 5 "Do you have quarrels, conflicts in your family?"
An important part of the family is the psychological atmosphere. In almost every family, misunderstandings and conflicts arise from time to time. And Togliatti families in this regard were no exception. Half of the respondents (47%) noted that sometimes quarrels and conflicts occur in their families. The option "Yes, rarely" was chosen by 34% of young people. Frequent family disagreements occur in 11%. The fact that there are no conflicts in their family was stated by 5% of the surveyed sample. 2% found it difficult to answer. And another 1% of respondents offered their own answer options: “Very, very rarely”, “Too serious conflicts that affect a person happen once a year”, “No family”.
Diagram 6 "What are the ways of resolving conflicts in your family?"
In order to be successful, to have strong relationships in the family or with people close to us, you need to know how to resolve conflict situations. We found out how the controversial issues in the Togliatti families are resolved. 43% of young people noted that when a conflict arises, the situation is discussed and a mutual decision is made. 36% see reconciliation as the main way to resolve conflicts. The help of others is used by 6% of the families of the survey participants. 9% of respondents noted that conflicts in their family are practically not resolved and are of a protracted nature. Also, 5% of young people said that they do not get into such a situation at all, since there are no conflicts in their family. And another 2% offered their own answers: “Humility”, “When how”, “Everything is allowed by itself”, “It happens differently”, “Everyone leaves by themselves”, “Submission to the older generation”, “No family”.
Diagram # 7 "What type of interaction is most acceptable for you?"
The type of distribution in the family determines the nature of the relationship between family members, the distribution of responsibilities and the general family policy. To the question: "What type of family interaction is most acceptable for you?" 59% of respondents expressed sympathy for equal relations, where you can always find a compromise. There are no fundamental differences between the answers of men and women in this question. In second place was the answer “patriarchy,” 19% of the survey participants believe that a man should be in charge. For matriarchy - 7% of young people, they are sure that a woman is able to take responsibility. 14% of all respondents found it difficult to answer this question. Also, 1% of respondents offered their options: “Equality, but let the man think that he is in charge”, “I think that it can be both, depending on the nature of the people,” There is no family yet, but I am for equality - every time should be led by the one who is more versed in a particular case. " There was also such a variant of the answer as: "In different life situations, each of the family members takes responsibility and solves the problem that has arisen: it depends on its direction."
Diagram # 8 "What traditions exist in your family?"
Another direction in the formation of intrafamily culture is the influence of globalization on ritual, household festivals and traditions, i.e. everyday culture. The technical capabilities of everyday life, everyday rituals have significantly increased, in this regard, there is a convergence, and sometimes unification of rituals. So, we decided to find out what traditions exist in Togliatti families. In total, 32% of the respondents told about the traditions in their family. 29% of those who answered this question noted that there are no traditions in their family and 2% found it difficult to answer this question. These answers were systematized, then we compiled a list of traditions that exist in Togliatti families, so, among the answers, there were such traditions as:
1) do everything together;
2) joint celebrations of family and national significant dates;
3) give everyone gifts for the holidays;
4) decorate the tree together;
5) discussion of important issues and what happened during the day;
6) call and talk to family members about the results of an important day (days of sessions, competitions);
7) preparation of certain dishes for certain holidays;
8) cook together;
9) a joint meal;
10) everyone washes the dishes after themselves;
11) whoever ate the last one, he removes;
12) clean up with the whole family on weekends;
13) watching films and TV programs and discussing them;
14) watch a wedding movie on every anniversary;
15) joint spending of the weekend;
16) sauna on weekends;
17) family annual trips for mushrooms, berries, etc .;
18) go fishing and hunting;
19) joint travel, trips to the homeland, to visit relatives;
20) go on family holidays, nature;
21) take a walk every night before going to bed;
22) visit a cafe once a week, go to the cinema;
23) opening of the summer cottage season;
24) the whole family to go around the world, hiking;
25) go to the Grushinsky festival every year;
26) arrange home music concerts;
27) on the day of acquaintance, go to the place where they met;
28) take a family photo on the day of the wedding anniversary;
29) joint prayer;
30) a clear distribution of responsibilities at home;
31) do not enter the room without knocking;
32) wave at the outgoing window;
33) meet household members when they return home;
34) showing caring for each other (wishes for a good day, good night, etc.);
35) respect for each other, love and trust as a tradition. Thus, in most Togliatti families there are certain traditions that develop throughout their life together. For most of the respondents' families, it is typical for the whole family to gather around the festive table, to celebrate family holidays. Also, during life together, traditions are formed related to everyday issues, such as cooking, buying food. An important part in the life of Togliatti residents is the recreational sphere of life, and maintaining warm relations is also of great importance for most families.
Thus, in most Togliatti families there are certain traditions that develop throughout their life together. For most of the respondents' families, it is typical for the whole family to gather around the festive table, to celebrate family holidays. Also, during life together, traditions are formed related to everyday issues, such as cooking, buying food. An important part in the life of Togliatti residents is occupied by the recreational sphere of life, and maintaining warm relations is also of great importance for most families.
Diagram №9 "Would you like to create your own family?"
Next, we decided to ask the respondents about their plans to create their own unit of society. Thus, 63% of young people said that they would like to start their own family. At the same time, 57% of men answered this way, and 67% of women. 17% of the respondents have not thought about it yet. Every tenth survey participant (11%) has already created a family. And 8% of young people do not want to enter into family relations. It is noteworthy that men chose this option 2 times more often than women (12% and 5%, respectively). Another 1% of respondents gave their answers: “Not now”, “Yes, but after I get up from my knees”, “In meditation”, “This is a very extensive and difficult question with discussions for more than one day”, “I am in divorce proceedings ".
Diagram # 10 "What do you think is the ideal age for marriage?"
Then, respondents were asked an open-ended question about what age they think is ideal for marriage. The data obtained showed that the average age for a woman was 23.5 years, and for men it is 25.3. The minimum age for marriage for a woman was 16, which is under the age of majority, the maximum is 55. The maximum age for legalizing a relationship for men is slightly higher - 18 years, and the maximum age indicated by the respondents was also 55 years. No special age and gender were found in this issue. Several respondents expressed their opinion: "It does not matter", "Everything is individual", "For each his own age", "There is no ideal age", "This is a personal choice of everyone", "By the mind", "All ages are submissive to love", "It's not about age, it's about opportunities." There were also options such as: “The one when you realize all the responsibilities in marriage and take responsibility for yourself”, “When they mature mentally (at different ages)”, “Depends on the state, but not earlier than 20”, “For each his own age : all people develop in different ways (depending on their upbringing, character, life experience) "," Then, when a person himself is ready for this: both morally and psychologically (for all this occurs at different ages). "
Diagram 11 "Which marriage is preferable for you?"
The overwhelming majority of young people (86%) prefer an official marriage. For cohabitation - 6%. No marriage attracts 5% of young Togliatti residents. No differences were found between the responses of men and women. And 3% offered their own answers: “No difference”, “Any”, “I don't see the difference”, “The main thing is love”, “Painting is not required”, “Religious marriage”, “Maintaining a common budget and economy”, “Marriage - not the most important thing, it is possible to live together and not be married, these are all formalities "," In which all family members are comfortable "," I have not thought about it yet. "
Diagram 12 "Would you get married of convenience?"
To the question "Would you marry of convenience?" more than half of the young people surveyed (55%) answered negatively. Moreover, women were 10% more likely than men to choose this option. A quarter of the respondents indicated that this will depend on the circumstances. Every tenth survey participant is not against marriages of convenience and could consider this option for himself. 9% found it difficult to answer. And 2 more people gave their answers: "It is unlikely", "No, most often young girls are married off to old men."
Diagram №13 "When creating a family, would you like to conclude a marriage contract?"
The opinions of the respondents about the prenuptial agreement were equally divided. 29% of young people said that they would like to conclude a marriage contract when creating a family. The same percentage said they would not do it. It is noteworthy that in this matter, men more often than women expressed a desire to conclude this agreement (34% of men and 25% of women). Another 27% of the survey participants said they would resolve the issue depending on the circumstances. There are also many who found it difficult to answer this question - 15%. And 2% of respondents offered their own answer options: “Why?”, “No, I'm not going to get married”.
Diagram 14 "How important is the financial situation of your partner for you?"
They also touched upon the financial side of family life. 55% of young people say that the financial situation of a partner is not the most important thing. This is important for every fifth Togliatti citizen, and 6% chose the “Very important” option. The financial situation of a partner is not at all important for 11% of respondents. 7% found it difficult to answer this question. And 1% of the survey participants offered their own answer options: “It is important, but not the most important thing,” “It is important, but not paramount,” “It doesn’t matter at all, the main thing is that we are,” “The main thing is that a person is purposeful and not rich. "," Much more important is mental and psychological abilities "," This is not the most important thing, but it is important. At a minimum, if there is not enough finance, you need a desire to fix it and take real action. "
Diagram 15 "What is your attitude to changing your surname when registering a marriage?"
Often, the change of surname when registering a marriage becomes the subject of a dispute between a couple who decided to legalize their relationship. We decided to find out what modern youth thinks about this. As before, the majority of respondents (50%) agree with the widespread practice when a wife takes her husband's surname. There are also a lot of those who believe that the couple must decide for themselves how they will be more comfortable - 39%. 5% of the survey participants insist that everyone should leave their names when registering a marriage. Only 3% are convinced that when registering a marriage, a husband should take his wife's surname. 2% refrained from answering. No gender differences were found on this issue. And another 1% of young people offered their own answer options: “It doesn’t matter,” “You need a double surname,” “Nobody owes anything, everything is at the request of the couple. I myself tend to double or to invent a new one ”,“ Neutral. As the heroine of the film Kerry Bradshaw said, "Every couple makes their own rules." I plan to take the name of my future husband. "
Diagram №16 "What, in your opinion, should be the age difference between the spouses?"
What is the best age gap for a spouse to maintain a strong and happy family? There are many points of view on this problem. It has always been believed that the spouse should be older. But today women are marrying men younger than themselves. Is there a formula for the ideal age ratio? We asked this question to the respondents of our study. 31% of respondents believe that the age difference should be up to 5 years. 29% of respondents chose the option “Doesn't matter”. The number of those who consider the ideal difference between spouses at 3 years is 22%. Up to 10 years old, 13% of young people consider the difference in age to be normal. 4% found it difficult to answer this question. And another 1% of the surveyed sample offered their own answer options: “2-3 years old”, “From 3 to 5 years old”, “Not important”, “At the request of a couple”, “There is no difference”, “All ages are submissive to love”.
Diagram 17 "How many children in the family do you consider ideal?"
In modern Russia, state policy orients Russians towards increasing the birth rate in the country. This is evidenced by various programs that encourage the birth of a second and third child. Also, in the media in commercials, one can trace the trend of the broadcast image of a family with three children. Therefore, within the framework of our research, the question of how many children in a family Togliatti residents consider to be ideal will be relevant. The majority of the respondents, namely 52% of the respondents, consider two children in a family ideal. 23% of young people believe that the number of children in a family should be equal to three. 12% of Togliatti residents noted that at present it would be ideal to have one child in a family, perhaps this is due to the financial capabilities of families to support a child. 4% believe that a family should have four or more children. And 5% of young people support a childless family (8% of men and 2% of women). Also, 4% of respondents offered their own answer options: "As much as your heart desires", "Any number is ideal", "Two or more", "10 children", "There are never many children", "How many will turn out", "How many God will give" , “Depending on the circumstances”, “Everyone's choice”, “As much as possible, depending on desire, financial well-being and circumstances”, “As much as a woman wants and will be able to raise the family”, “When there is at least one child in the family - it’s already a joy ”,“ Difficult question ”,“ I don’t know yet ”,“ Personally, I don’t want a child, but I think that one child in a family is good ”,“ Whoever likes it better, most people better not have at all ”.
Diagram # 18 "How do you feel about marriage with a foreigner?"
Russia is a multinational country, recently a tolerant attitude towards representatives of different nations has been formed. We decided to find out the attitude of Togliatti people to marriages with a foreigner. The majority of Togliatti residents have a neutral attitude towards such marriages, 64% of respondents answered so. A quarter of Togliatti residents (24% of respondents) have a positive attitude towards marriage with a foreigner. 11% have a negative attitude. Also, 1% of respondents wrote their own answer: "Class", "Depending on the circumstances", "Nationalities do not matter", "More likely negative, but it all depends on the circumstances."
Diagram # 19 "How do you feel about marriage with a representative of another religious denomination?"
Togliatti residents are most wary of marriages with representatives of another religious denomination. Only 10% of respondents have a positive attitude towards this marriage and believe that this makes the family spiritually versatile. The majority of the respondents - 69% of the respondents - are neutral towards these marriages, they believe that there is no problem in this. And 17% of young people have a negative attitude towards such a marriage, in their opinion, it is impossible to marry a representative of another faith. Also, 4% of the survey participants offered their own answer options: “Difficult question”, “It doesn’t matter”, “Everything is individual”, “What difference does it make who is of what nationality”, “Undesirable, there will be disagreements in worldviews”, “Positive, if one does not force the other to change his faith. " There were also options for answers such as:
- “If another confession is normal, another religion is negative”;
- "Neutral, but if the representative of one does not demand the transfer of the partner to his faith";
- “Neutral if it does not interfere or infringe on the rights of each other or one of the spouses”;
- “The question of raising children may arise, on this basis and on many others, disagreements may arise”
- “I am not a follower of any faith, and I would not start a relationship with a believer, let alone marry him”;
- “Depending on what role religion plays for the partner”;
- “Not recommended, there may be disagreements in the future”;
“I don’t think this is a problem. I am more confused by fanaticism in religion than by its direction. If a person is a fanatic, then I take it with a little caution ”;
- “It depends on how both relate to the faith - if they are very religious, then nothing good will come of it; if they are less religious, then there will be no problems”;
- “It is difficult to answer such a question, the main thing is that the spouses are believers; but when they have different religious views, it's hard. "
Diagram 20 "How would you characterize your family?"
Interesting data was obtained when studying the opinions of Togliatti residents about how they see their family and how they can characterize it. We proposed a number of adjectives reflecting various types of family, and the respondents also had the opportunity to offer their own answer. So, it turned out that in g. Friendly families live in Togliatti, 54% of respondents noted this. 44% and 38% of young people, respectively, described their families as well-bred and calm. 30% of Togliatti families are intelligent and 28% of Togliatti families are large. 27% of Togliatti residents said that their family is small. The noise of their family was mentioned by 24% of the survey participants. The honorary title of the family of heroes was awarded to 6%. Also, in Togliatti there are explosive (12%), scandalous (7%) and dysfunctional (2%) families. And another 2% of respondents offered their options: “Understanding”, “Creative”, “Reliable”, “Wonderful”, “Loving, open, cheerful, motley”, “Merry”, “My”, “Normal normal family”, “ Difficult ”,“ Not complete ”,“ No family ”.
You can download the case study with diagrams
Family and marriage have always played a large role in the life of society. And modern society is no exception, although the attitude towards marriage, its forms, and the family has changed.
The purpose of this sociological study is to clarify the attitude of young people to marriage and its forms, to the family.
The object of the research is young people (students of grade 11, students of 1-2 courses).
As a result of a sociological survey, the specificity of attitudes towards marriage and family on the part of girls and boys was investigated. Were interviewed 100 people aged 16-20 years (50 males and 50 females), students of the Faculty of History and Sociology of the Mordovia State University. Ogareva (1-2 course) and pupils of the 11th grade of the Lyceum №43. 100% of respondents were born and currently live in the city and are not married. One of the trends of our time is the emergence of new non-traditional types of marriage and family, to which young people are very calm. So 62% of girls and 47% of boys have a positive attitude towards civil marriage. Sociologists believe that the most common reason for concluding a civil marriage is an attempt to rehearse family relationships to test everyday compatibility, which mutual love and sexual attraction do not yet guarantee. There were no significant differences between the sexes in the respondents' attitudes towards types of marriage. The majority (80%) consider the most acceptable marriage based on mutual love, since love and mutual understanding are the main values \u200b\u200bof the family. However, 5% consider a contractual marriage acceptable, and 15% - by convenience, in which the mutual benefit of partners is decisive, and not feelings. The majority of girls (84%) and boys (72%) are against the fact that boys marry to "cut off" the army, but the remaining 16% of girls and 28% of boys approve of this act, if there are no other ways not to join the army. These results indicate that the majority of respondents take marriage seriously and consider it an important act in their lives. 75% of the respondents would like to get married in the future, 20% have not thought about it yet. And 5% answered this question in the negative, which can be explained, most likely, by personal reasons associated with the respondents' relations in their family, individual psychology of a person, or a negative attitude towards this social form of relations. Early marriage is considered normal by 61% of respondents, but everyone believes that it does not last long. Nevertheless, 85% of the respondents believe that the most acceptable age for marriage is 20-30 years, only a small part (4%) believe that they are 30 and older and 11% that it is 18-20 years. Among the girls of the lyceum and the university, opinions on the question "Must marriage be based on love?" agreed. 62% answered positively to this question, and 38%, respectively, negatively. And among the young men the opinions were divided as follows: 96% of the pupils of the lyceum №43 answered positively, and among the students of the 1st and 2nd courses there were only 63% of them. This can be explained not so much by the age difference, but by the difference between such organizations as school and university, as well as the relationship in them. School assumes a softer attitude towards reality. At the university, however, there is a transition to adulthood, with a more real perception of the surrounding world with all its difficulties and problems. The answers to questions about the family were also not straightforward. 52% of girls and 78% of boys believe that a man should be the head of the family, the rest answered that they are together. Only 1% of respondents answered that a woman should be the head of the family. Among the reasons for divorce, only 7% of girls and 2% of boys named material problems. There were also the following answer options: 15% cite boredom as the reason for divorce, 32% - treason, and 36% - a difference in character. Such a spread in the answers of the respondents can be explained by the fact that they were not in their own marriage, which means that they proceeded from the experience of acquaintances, relatives or friends.
Opinions on the question "Who should be the main source of income for the family?" divided as follows: 44% of males and 42% of females believe that the main income should come from a man, 48% of boys and 52% of girls believe that due to circumstances, the rest answered that it is equally. This distribution of answers indicates that by the 21st century, a woman, along with electoral political rights, received serious responsibilities for the material maintenance of the family.
A healthy strong family is both a healthy and strong society. The family is the link in the chain, which can be used to change the situation for the better in society as a whole. The very foundations of our society, the basis of which is the family, are under the threat of disintegration, which creates instability of the society itself, the impossibility of educating the younger generation spiritually, physically and morally healthy. Currently, modern families are going through a crisis, because most people put a career first, not having children.
The era changed the era, the culture and values \u200b\u200bchanged, and the relationship between husband and wife also changed. But, despite all the changes that have affected families over the past decade, the institution of family and marriage is still the most important for human society.
The topic of this sociological survey "The attitude of young people to marriage and family" was not chosen by me by chance. The study of family and marriage is one of the most important challenges facing sociology. Family should not be confused with marriage. The family is a more complex system of relationships than marriage, because it unites not only spouses, but also their children and other relatives. The family can be considered as a small social group, the most important form of organizing personal life, based on marital union and family ties, that is, on numerous relationships between husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters and other relatives living together and leading a common household; and marriage is a form of relations between a man and a woman, sanctioned and regulated by society, which determines their rights and obligations in relation to each other and to children. ... Most of the divorces are due to reasons that arise as a result of living together. The largest number of divorced marriages falls on the age of 25-30, when the spouses become quite independent in material terms, have managed to get to know each other's shortcomings well and make sure that it is impossible to live together. At the same time, they are young enough to create a new full-fledged family and have children. Also, a large number of divorces occur at the age of about 40 years. This is due to the fact that the children have grown up, and there is no need to save the family for their sake, and one of the spouses actually has another family.
The highest divorce rate falls in the first five years of marriage. The presence of children in the family directly affects the strength of the marriage. In large families with more than three children, the divorce rate is below average.
Also relevant in our time is the problem of "cohabitation" or "actual marriage". This concept is often confused with the term "civil marriage", which, on the contrary, is understood as a marriage registered in the relevant state authorities. Half of Russians (55%) have a positive attitude towards the fact that young people are increasingly living together without getting married, among young people there are 77%, pensioners - only 30%. A de facto marriage has more minuses than pluses, and a woman is most at risk: a separate problem of a civil marriage, especially for a mother, is common children. In the event of a break in relations, the woman does not receive any rights to alimony and there is a risk of remaining in poverty. Legal insecurity is the second and main disadvantage. Children born in a civil marriage risk becoming "fatherless", as well as being deprived of material assistance from their father and possible inheritance. Such a family is actually deprived of support from the state. Children born in such a marriage, having matured themselves, begin to think that such a relationship is absolutely acceptable, which means that they are unlikely to want to get married ... And this is a small fraction of the negative consequences that a marriage without registration entails ..
It is also worth considering the problem of increasing the number of early marriages in our country. According to statistics, almost 13-15% of the total number of marriages are early ones. Early marriage is considered a marriage entered into before the onset of marriageable age (in Russia, 18 years) with special permission from the administrative authorities. It is interesting that often marriages concluded at the age of 18-20 are also considered early. Early marriage is a highly controversial issue. The causes and consequences of such marriages are being investigated by psychologists and sociologists.
The main reason for getting married at an early age is the expectation of a child. Currently, many young people get married after receiving professional education, and after getting married, they are in no hurry to have children, preferring to pursue a career in order to ensure material well-being for the family and the unborn child.
A young family has a number of characteristics. They are associated with an objectively insufficient level of material and financial security. Today, the average per capita income of a young family is 1.5 times lower than the national average; 69% of them live below the poverty line. Sociological research shows that early marriage is an important factor influencing satisfaction with family relationships.
When studying successful and unsuccessful marriages, it turned out that in the group of successful families, only 43% got married before the age of 21, and 69% of unsuccessful ones. A successful marriage presupposes a high level of social and psychological maturity of people, since it requires stable attitudes, certain knowledge and skills, which sometimes is not present in adolescence. Young people often get married thoughtlessly. Various reasons urge them to take this step. Statistics show that early marriages in most cases have no future - 90% of them end in divorce.
With the aim of a more in-depth study of this problem, I conducted an interview on the topic: "The attitude of student youth to marriage and family." Among the 13 respondents, there are students of the P.P. Belinsky, Penza State University, Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and Social Sciences of the 1st year, students in the direction of "Sociology", including 10 girls and 3 guys, aged 17-18 years.
Most of the respondents have a positive attitude to marriage (84.6%), the rest have not yet thought about their attitude to marriage (15.4% - mostly male). The students referred to the values \u200b\u200bof the family as trust, understanding, respect, love and children. Answering the third question, the majority of students were mistaken, giving an incorrect definition of civil marriage, which speaks of the insignificant awareness of the majority of the respondents about such a social institution as marriage (only 15.4% answered correctly). Only 23% of respondents have a negative attitude to the so-called "civil" marriage, the rest of the students spoke in favor of "civil" marriage, arguing that before registering a marriage, it is necessary to live together, to get to know each other better. It can be assumed that "civil" marriage is a "rehearsal" of family relations. 54% of the respondents believe that it is normal to get married while studying at a university, from which it can be concluded that modern youth have a poor idea of \u200b\u200bthe full burden of the responsibility of marriage, especially when combined with study and work, and raising children. The students considered the most favorable age for marriage to be 20-25 years (mostly girls - 61.5%) and 27-30 (mostly male - 38.5%). All respondents have a negative attitude towards marriage at an early age (up to 18 years), only 15% reacted positively if it is really necessary (most often a child becomes this need at such an early age). The main reason for marriage young people consider children, love. All respondents have a desire to marry in the future, only 8% are not sure that they want to marry. 69% of students are planning a magnificent celebration, this suggests that marriage is far from the last place in the life of young people, they strive to observe traditions, remember this day, and take it seriously. Many believe that a family can break up due to betrayal, mistrust, and dissimilarity in characters. 46% of students have married friends. To the question: "Do you approve of their act?" only 38.5% answered positively. 54% of the respondents have friends who do not register a marriage, but simply cohabit. It is noteworthy that the respondents attributed to the reasons that hinder the registration of marriage: different nationalities, poor relations with parents, lack of confidence in their feelings, financial problems, fear of burdening themselves with worries, various responsibilities, independence of partners from each other ("It's easier to leave later" ). Girls also call the test of feelings as a fundamental component of cohabitation, and they interpret this by the fact that partners should get to know each other better, preparation for family life.
Summing up, one should pay attention to the common mistake of young people that, when planning to start a family, they rely only on the strength of feelings. Young people do not develop true respect for the institution of the family; they are exemplified by unsuccessful marriages of relatives, friends and acquaintances. Most of the students have no idea what a civil marriage is, the legal risk of an unofficial marriage does not bother any student, and this speaks of the legal illiteracy of young people, and requires fundamental changes and transformations in the field of legal counseling and premarital education of students.
Thus, a sociological study conducted with students eloquently speaks of the relevance of the problem of civil marriage among young people, requiring new approaches to its solution.
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