Physical characteristics of children 6-7 years old. Physical culture of preschool children (Vilchkovsky)

The seven-year plan is growing! In his body, there are many beneficial or "weighting" growth changes. For some parameters junior student is about to catch up with the adults. How does a child develop at 7 years old? Before you is an article reviewing the physical skills of children of this age, tips for improving them and protecting the health of a young student.

Development of a 7-year-old student: height, weight, biorhythms

The heart of a seven-year-old makes 90-95 beats per minute, while in adults it is about 72-80. His growth increases by 8-10 cm. The baby's lungs are already formed. To the delight of mothers, endless bronchitis, pneumonia and "viruses" are behind. A seven-year-old child should sleep 9-10 hours. Parents can already say definitely who their baby is - "owl" or "lark".

Interesting fact. Enthusiasts tried to voluntarily retrain from "owls" to "larks." Or at least "doves" - daytime "activists". And what would you think? They succeeded. Of course, it is impossible to rearrange the biological clock. But everyone is quite capable of cultivating a useful habit. It's also convenient for a child to start the day early. This will make it easier to adapt to remote control and leave more time for games.

Ignorance of the intricacies of the physical development of children of 7 years old can be great for parents. At the age of 6-7 years, all boys have some testicular enlargement. The baby's chest is gaining in volume 2-2.5 cm. The liver gains the size and functions of an adult organ; by the age of 8, they are almost identical.

How school loads affect the development of 7-year-olds

The body of a 7-year-old baby is still very weak and tired. The first half of the day is not easy for a student: most of the time he is motionless, thinks hard, writes, does manual labor. Not surprisingly, at the age of seven, there is a new wave of crisis associated with adaptation to school.

Due to the peculiarities of the school period of development of children 6-7 years old, the dynamics of his health is somewhat depressing. Prolonged "stress of a first grader" weakens the immune system, and children get colds, acute respiratory infections, they become aggravated chronic diseases... Especially for those children who did not attend kindergarten.

How to reduce difficulties adjusting to school

The most important factor that is often neglected is the daily routine. Imagine a plan for a difficult task. This is the regime. The development of a child 5-7 years old should obey the idea of \u200b\u200bpreparing for school and adapting to learning, as to the main activity of the baby.

What do children who are not accustomed to the regime get?

• low efficiency;
• headache;
• lack of sleep;
• fatigue;
• drowsiness;
• learning difficulties arising from all of the above.

What is meant by the wonderful phrase "correct daily routine", so influencing the development of a child of 6-7 years old? A first grader must:

• go to bed and wake up at the same time, even on holidays and weekends;
• sleep 9-10 hours;
• exercise;
• to be able to walk on the street, play, relax, play sports;
• eating is also on time.

How to find time to do everything on time? The home routine is subject to the school routine. If you can achieve this, the kid will get used to the lessons much easier.

Seven-year development and ... homework

The interval between school and homework should be especially sensitive. After all, the baby comes “from work” tired - his body and brain require a break. You can usefully relax on a walk, during an active game. It is great if a student of grade 1-2 sleeps for an hour and a half. For the development of a 6-7 year old child, it is important that at least 3-3.5 hours pass between the last lesson and homework.

The optimal time to start doing homework is 16 hours. If earlier - the baby will not rest, later - he will not have time to do everything. For the whole range of exercises, tasks, writing, reading, etc. the technique takes 1 hour (1st grade) and 1.5 (2nd grade). One lesson should last half an hour, after which it is allowed to rest for 10-15 minutes. Try to start with substantial and difficult assignments. Leave for later the teacher's whims in the form of coloring notebooks and the like. Or even help the child yourself.

Physical activity and development of a child 7 years old

The physical development of a child 7 years old is enough high level... The student is able to perform most of the movements correctly, but in accordance with his age characteristics... Seven-year plan is able to:

• run fast at a distance of 20-30 m;
• jump in height (up to 40 cm), forward from a place (up to 80 cm), with a takeoff (up to 1 m), on the right and left legs alternately and at different rates with forward movement;
• jumps over the rope in all sorts of ways;
• plays ball well;
• climbs the wall bars and the gymnastic rope.

Parents must take care that the seven-year vacation is correct. Definitely, TV, computer and other pleasures of civilization are resting with the baby. Ideally, kids should run, hang out with friends to get moving and forget about school for three hours. What games should be offered to the yard company? Salki-catch-up, football, hide and seek, "Sea figures", "Colors" and many other great games.

The development of a child at the age of 7 suffers greatly from hypodynamia - a sedentary lifestyle, fraught with bad consequences:

• hypertension;
• obesity;
• diseases of the nerves;
• improper posture.

It is permissible and even desirable to choose a sports section for a child. Sports can replace after-school rest on the playground. These can be: football, athletics, gymnastics, swimming, martial arts, boxing, dancing. When choosing a sport, it is necessary to take into account the risks that are present in any vigorous activity of the child. By comparing them with the health characteristics of your child, you will make the right choice.

In contact with

The physical development of a 7-year-old child implies a sufficient level of endurance. Endurance is necessary for a child at school, since with large educational loads on the child, it increases and exercise stress... Parents should pay attention to the posture of the child at this age, because if the baby is hunched over or stooped, then this defect needs to be corrected right now, until the skeleton is completely ossified. Missing this moment now, in the future, the child may develop a curvature of the spine.

The physical development of a 7-year-old child is such that the child has excellent coordination of movements. This allows him to easily balance on a narrow beam or deftly hit the ball into a basketball hoop. Paying attention to the physical development of a child at this age, parents, first of all, should pay attention to the small muscles of the child's hands. There is a special finger gymnastics for the development of the muscles of the hand, which will not be superfluous to exercise. In addition, you need to control that the child is holding the ballpoint pen correctly, otherwise, when writing, his brush will get tired too quickly.

The age of seven is just the time when it is worth deciding which sports section to send your child to. If the child has not yet attended any section, then it is worth talking to him and choosing a sport that suits your child. It is worth choosing a sport without pressure on the child, always taking into account his interests and preferences. In this choice, parents should trust the baby, since development will occur only when the child strives to attend the section and engage in his favorite sport.

The need for physical development of a 7-year-old child is not just empty words. According to statistics, if by the age of 6 more than 25% of children have a lag in physical development, then by the age of 7 this indicator rises to 35%. And over the years, this situation not only persists, but also aggravates. Parents should understand how important physical development at this age is for the formation of a healthy, harmoniously developed, prepared to attend school, personality.

At the age of 7, it allows him to masterfully control his body. At this age, the central nervous system actively develops, due to which the child's movements become more coordinated and dexterous.

Features of the physical development of a seven-year-old child

According to the norms, the height of a child by this age reaches 114-128 centimeters, and his weight is 20-30 kilograms. The physical framework at this age already has sufficiently distant upper and lower boundaries. This is due to the fact that the factors influencing the development of the body of a 7-year-old child become more extensive, because they include indicators such as genetics, activity level, individual body constitution, etc.

The physical development of a 7-year-old child is marked by active growth tubular bones limbs and shaping muscle tissue... A child of this age is already showing the curves of the spine, so parents need to pay close attention to the posture of their child. It is important to teach your child to keep his back straight, especially when sitting, because improper body position can provoke development different forms curvature of the spine - scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, etc.

Now the child is experiencing active growth of muscle tissue, so he needs a complete balanced diet, which includes the required amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

How to determine the level of physical development in a 7-year-old child

As the baby's nervous system becomes more advanced, he can confidently perform exercises that require precise coordination skills. According to the norms, at this age the child should be able to:

• keep balance while walking on logs or uneven bars;
• confidently climb the Swedish wall and climb the rope;
• ride a two-wheeled bike, rollerblades and skates;
• jump rope;
• memorize simple dance moves.

The physical development of a 7-year-old child strongly depends on whether the child plays sports. If the kid does not have health problems, and he is not exempt from physical education, school classes will help him to relieve muscle tension and use up excess energy. However, in order to strengthen physical performance, it is very important that the child goes in for sports additionally. At this age, babies are already taken to almost any sports section. But when choosing an activity for a child, be sure to take into account the temperament of the baby. For example, some like to go to boxing or taekwando, while others like more relaxed sports - swimming, athletics, etc. It is important that sports benefit both the physical and psychological health baby.

What should be the physical development of a child aged 6-7 years? what to look for and how to understand that the child is sufficiently developed and prepared for school?

Physical development opportunities

By the end of the sixth year of life

• A child can already run two or three hundred meters, and quite quickly. Great dexterity and dexterity appear, and he can run not only on a flat surface, but also deftly running around hills and jumping over pits and grooves
• Movements become more confident and coordinated. In this sense, the child is almost no different from the adult. With his eyes closed, he can easily touch his ear, nose. Dexterously catches the ball and can just as deftly throw it at the target
• The sense of balance becomes noticeably better: the child calmly walks along a narrow bench, log, board
• Children of this age become more confident in jumping. On the stairs, they can jump over a step, and on a level platform even over several objects. They begin to comprehend the "science" of using a rope, which is very important, as it develops a system of coordinated actions of the whole body. Children can jump on one leg. Girls at this age begin to play "classics"
• A child can climb the Swedish wall for hours and will not get tired of this activity. The child is able to climb a little rope, which indicates that his hands are getting stronger. But the baby still cannot push up from the floor

By the end of the seventh year of life

• The child is already well able to perform various types of walking and running, can use them in various situations, he is quite hardy, can for a long time run, as they say, "at breakneck speed", take a break and continue restless running again
• The child becomes even more dexterous and accurate, can play various games with the ball, deftly handling him, can hit the ball on the target from 4-5 meters, throw at a moving target, act with the left and right hand
• Children can maintain correct posture
• By the age of seven, a child can play sports such as badminton, basketball, football, hockey, table tennis
• Child can swim and ski long distances

The physical development of the child is steadily improving. Children are becoming more resilient, agile and strong. They can play various team games, master various sports. All this suggests that the child is preparing for schooling physically as well, he becomes able to sit at a desk and control his own body in accordance with the situation in which he is at the moment.

P.S. At this age, children still love to play. On the site http://online-gamez.ru/detskie-onlajn-igry/ you will find various computer games that will help your kid to relax after a hard day at school.

Physical development of children preschool age as in others, it is characterized by many factors, such as the condition of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular vascular system, volume chest, body weight, etc. This age is also called the “Age of Extension” and “The Age of Irresistible Physical Activity”, since the skeletal system is actively formed in it, as well as violent physical activity is observed, which is manifested in various manners of the child. Analyzing the literature available to us, we have identified the main spectra of knowledge about the physical development of children 6-7 years old.

Kholodov notes that a child at the age of six must successfully master long and high jumps from a run, jumping rope, climbing a pole, rope, gymnastic wall, throwing at a distance and at a target, etc. Rides a two-wheeled bicycle, skates, skis , floats. In movements, expressiveness, smoothness and accuracy appear, especially when performing general developmental exercises. Running, jumping, throwing - those motor skills that a child must master before school. (Kholodov Zh.K., 2003).

Stepanova gives us a good idea of \u200b\u200bthe development of preschool children. “After a year, there are increases in each year of life by 2 - 2.5 kg. By the age of 6 - 7, it doubles in comparison with that of a one-year-old child. The circumference of the chest at birth is 32 - 34 cm. During the first 3 - 4 months of life, it increases by 2.5 - 3 cm per month, then its growth decreases. At the end of the year, it is about 0.4 0.5 cm per month, for the first year, the chest circumference increases by 12 - 15 cm. The chest increases in approximately the same way for the rest of the preschool period. In preschool age, the growth of head circumference slows down sharply, increasing during 2 - 3 years of life by 1 - 1.5 cm per year. Ossification of the musculoskeletal system begins at 2 - 3 years. It occurs gradually throughout preschool childhood. During this period, bends are formed in the cervical, chest, lumbar spine. The physiological development of the spine plays a vital role and affects the formation of correct posture, technique of movements, condition internal organs, respiratory and nervous system... The arch of the foot begins in the first year of life and continues intensively with the development of the child to walk throughout the preschool period. In strengthening the arch of the foot play an important role physical exercise... The development of the skeletal system is closely related to the development of muscles, tendons, ligamentous-articular apparatus. By the age of 76, the body strength significantly increases - the strength of the muscles of the trunk.It increases by the age of 7 to 32-34 kg compared to 15-17 kg B 3-4 years In preschool age the cardiovascular system undergoes morphological and functional changes. The heart mass increases from 70.8 g in a 3 - 4-year-old to 92.3 g in a b - 7-year-old. The strength of heart contractions increases, the efficiency of the heart increases. Rises with age blood pressure: in the first year of life it is 80/55 - 85/60 mm Hg, and at the age of 3 - 7 years it is already in the range of 80/50 - 110/70 mm Hg. Respiratory rate in years at 4 - 7 years - 22 26 per minute. "

In a child from 3 to 7 years of age, under the influence of learning, conditioned connections are consolidated and improved. Physical fitness increases, psychophysical qualities improve. (Stepanenkova E.Ya., 2006).

Thus, we can conclude that from 3 to 7 years, the third, fifth and seventh years of life stand out. During this period, not only quantitative growth occurs, but also a significant restructuring of body functions. We can also say that cognition of the characteristics of psychophysical development gives us the opportunity to correctly form motor functions, allows us to conclude that it is necessary to create the ability for the child to move correctly, i.e. to lay the foundations of physical culture in him.

conclusions

So we examined the basic physical abilities that humans have. We learned that they include strength, coordination, speed and endurance abilities, which also have their own substructure. It was said that they are initially morphofunctional, but despite this, being well developed physically means having developed physical abilities. Their development depends on how competently they are used, in what activity a person's vital activity takes place.

As our opinion was already expressed, all aspects of the use of physical abilities work at the level of their interaction, which provides coordination abilities. We learned that general coordination abilities are formed from special ones, which are developed to achieve a goal, in a certain type of activity, and specific, where there is a subdivision into an internal structure, which consists of individual capabilities. Also, any movements are applied with any effort, the quality of which depends on the coordination of not only actions, but their speed, strength, which make it possible to use mime for a long time.

Another issue was the study of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of preschool children, which includes the age category we are studying (6-7 years). We learned that this age has its own indicators of physical development, such as body length, weight, head size, chest circumference, etc.; at this age, various systems are actively developing, for example, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular; there are also physiological indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure. Thus, this age, like the rest, has its own characteristics and is full of difficulties in its study.