Nervous diseases: symptoms and treatment. Nervous diseases: types, symptoms, treatment Diseases of the human nervous system

The nervous system is a complex structural network. It permeates our entire body and ensures its interaction with the inner and outer world, that is, with the environment. It connects all parts of the body into a single whole. The nervous system contributes to the mental activity of a person, with its help, movements are controlled and all functions performed by various organs are regulated. But when failures occur, diseases of the nervous system arise that must be treated without fail.

Varieties

The nervous system happens:

• Central. It consists of the brain: the brain, located in the skull, and the spinal cord, which is located in the spinal column.
• Peripheral. This is a huge number of nerves that permeate all organs and tissues of a person. They pass in the immediate vicinity of the blood and lymphatic vessels... This system consists of sensory and motor fibers.

Nerve cells are distinguished by the ability to be excited, and to conduct this state. Irritation of the endings of the nerves of the skin, tissue of some internal organ or muscle is taken up by sensitive fibers and transmitted first to the spinal cord and then to the brain. The central nervous system processes this information, and the decision is passed on to the motor fibers.

That is why muscles can contract, the pupils of the eyes change in size, juice in the stomach can be secreted, and so on. These actions are called reflex actions. They permeate all the activities of our body, which, thanks to this mechanism, are constantly regulated. This is how a person adapts to any conditions. external environment... Any diseases of the nervous system fail in its work. They must be treated.

Diseases of the central nervous system

The most common CNS disease is Parkinson's disease. It occurs because the production of a special substance (dopamine) is disrupted, with the help of which impulses are transmitted to the brain. This leads to the fact that the cells responsible for various movements begin to change. The disease is inherited.

The first symptoms often go unnoticed. Usually, no one pays attention to the fact that the expressiveness of the face has changed, movements have become slower during walking, eating, dressing, until the person himself notices it. It soon becomes difficult to write, brush your teeth and shave. The facial expressions of a person's face become thinner, and it becomes like a mask. Speech is impaired. A person with this condition may suddenly run while walking slowly. He himself cannot stop. Will run until it meets an obstacle or falls. The mobility of the pharyngeal muscles is impaired, a person swallows less often. Because of this, saliva spontaneously flows out.

Treatment of diseases of the nervous system of this group is carried out by the drug "Levodof". Each patient receives the dosage, time and duration of treatment individually. However, the medicine has side effects... But, recently, the possibilities of treating Parkinson's disease have been studied. surgical method: transplanting healthy cells to a sick person that are capable of producing dopamine.

Multiple sclerosis

It is a chronic nerve disease that is progressive and is characterized by the formation of plaques in the spinal cord and brain. It starts at twenty or forty summer age... Sclerosis is more common in men than in women. Its course occurs in waves: improvement is replaced by an exacerbation. In patients, tendon reflexes increase, vision is upset, speech is chanted, intentional tremor appears. The disease takes a different course. In acute and severe blindness and cerebellar disorders develop rapidly. With a mild form of the disease, the nervous system quickly recovers.

They constitute a large group of diseases. They are characterized by a certain localization. The reasons for their occurrence are very different: infection, vitamin deficiency, intoxication, circulatory disorders, injuries and much more.

Diseases of the peripheral nervous system are very common among temporarily disabling diseases. These include neuritis and neuralgia. The former are characterized by pain and impairment of various functions: sensitivity, range of motion and reflexes change.

With neuralgia, the functions of the damaged nerve sites are preserved. They are characterized by sharp pain, in which sensitivity and range of motion are not disturbed.

Neuralgia

The group of these diseases includes trigeminal neuralgia. It develops as a result of pathological processes in the sinuses, eye sockets, oral cavity... Neuralgia can be caused by various diseases. bone tissue skull and meninges, infection, intoxication. There are times when it is not possible to find out the cause of the disease.

This disease is characterized by attacks of pain that occur in the trigeminal nerve: eyeball, eye socket, jaw, chin. The excruciating pain in the area of \u200b\u200bone branch of the nerve can spread to another and last several tens of seconds. It occurs for no reason, but various factors can provoke it: brushing teeth, swallowing, chewing, touching the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe nerve. During bouts of pain, sensitivity and reflexes are not disturbed, but sometimes there is a separation of saliva and tears, redness of the eyes and skin of the face, and the temperature of the skin may change.

Diseases of the nervous system such as neuralgias are curable if the causes are known. Diseases with unknown causes can cause anxiety for the patient for many years.

Nervous system. Infectious diseases

These neurological diseases are classified according to various criteria:

• By the type of pathogen, they are distinguished into fungal, viral and bacterial.
• From the method of penetration of the infection: contact, airborne, hematogenous, perineural, lymphogenous.
• From the localization of the focus of infection - meningitis, in which the soft or hard meninges are affected. If the infection has covered the substance of the brain, the disease is classified as encephalitis, spinal - myelitis.

Meningitis

These are diseases of the nervous system, in which the membranes of the brain become inflamed: the spinal cord and the brain. Meningitis is classified according to the following criteria:

• By localization of the lesion focus - limited and generalized, basal and convexital.
• According to the rate of development and course of the disease - acute, subacute, fulminant, chronic.
• In terms of severity - mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe.
• According to the origin of the pathogen, they are bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoal.

Diseases of the human nervous system occur due to various infections, and meningitis is no exception. Most often, infectious inflammatory processes are provoked by purulent foci. The most common is staphylococcal meningitis. But there are times when the disease progresses against the background of gonorrhea, anthrax, dysentery, typhoid and even plague. This meningitis is called purulent.

Serous meningitis is of primary and secondary genesis, therefore it can be a consequence of such serious diseases as influenza, brucellosis, syphilis and tuberculosis.

Infectious diseases of the nervous system are transmitted by airborne droplets and by fecal-oral routeas well as through dust particles. Therefore, the carriers of the infection can be not only sick people, but also ordinary rodents.

Encephalitis

This is a brain disease, it is inflammatory. Encephalitis is a disease of the central nervous system. They are caused by viruses or other infectious agents. Therefore, depending on the nature of the pathogen, the symptoms of various encephalitis differ. However, for this group of infectious diseases there are common signs by which they can be recognized: the temperature rises, the respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract is affected. Common brain symptoms are: headache, accompanied by vomiting, fear of light, lethargy, drowsiness, coma may occur.

There are asymptomatic and fulminant forms of encephalitis. The first type is characterized by the same symptoms as in acute respiratory illness or gastrointestinal infection. The temperature is usually low, the headache is moderate.

The lightning-fast form is characterized by a rapid rise in temperature, severe headaches, rapid impairment of consciousness, a person falls into a coma. The disease lasts from several hours to a few days. The prognosis is disappointing: the patient is expected to die.

Diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system includes various studies, but the most valuable are studies of cerebrospinal fluid. During the disease, the pressure under which it flows rises, the leukocyte count and ESR change. Bacteriological and serological studies are being carried out. With their help, viruses or antibodies are detected. Currently, topical diagnostics of diseases of the nervous system is widely used. Based on the indications of all studies and clinical manifestations, the specialist makes a conclusion and makes an accurate diagnosis.

Tick-borne encephalitis

Diseases of the central nervous system have many varieties. One of them is tick-borne encephalitis, caused by a virus that can persist at low temperatures and break down at high temperatures (70 degrees and above). It is carried by ticks. Encephalitis is a seasonal disease, widespread in the Urals, Siberia and the Far Eastern region.

The virus enters the human body during a tick bite, or the consumption of raw milk and its products, if the animals have been infected. In both cases, it enters the central nervous system. With a tick bite, the incubation period lasts up to 20 days, with another method of infection for a week. The more the virus enters the body, the longer and more severe the disease progresses. The most dangerous are numerous bites. Geographic features are directly related to the form and course of the disease. So, in Siberia and the Far East, they are much more difficult.

The disease begins with pronounced cerebral symptoms. Possible pain in the abdomen and throat, loose stools... On the second day there is heatthat stays that way for a week. But, in most cases, the temperature has two rises, the break between which is 2-5 days.

Chronic course tick-borne encephalitis manifested by epilepsy. There is a constant twitching of the muscles of certain groups. Against their background, seizures with convulsions and loss of consciousness occur.

Nervous system. Congenital diseases

There are a lot of them, they are capable of affecting various organs and systems. Congenital diseases of the nervous system are an urgent problem. They develop simultaneously with the intrauterine development of the fetus, and are persistent defects of the whole organ or some part of it. The most common congenital diseases of the nervous system: cranial hernia, anencephaly, heart defects, esophagus, cleft lip, limb defects, hydrocephalus and others.

One of them is syringomyelia. This is a type of disease of the nervous system in children. They are characterized by the fact that connective tissue grow and form cavities in the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain. The cause of the development of the disease is a defect in the development of the brain of the embryo. It provokes this pathology of infection, injury, hard physical labor. Congenital diseases of the nervous system in children are characterized by the identification of not only defects in the nervous system, but also malformations of other systems and organs: "cleft palate", "cleft lip", accretion of fingers on the limbs, changes in their number, heart defects and others.

Disease prevention and treatment

Prevention of diseases of the nervous system consists, first of all, in the correct way of life, in which there is no place for stressful situations, nervous excitement, excessive experiences. To exclude the likelihood of some kind of nervous disease, you need to regularly monitor your health. Prevention of diseases of the nervous system consists in leading healthy image life: do not abuse smoking and alcohol, do not take drugs, engage in physical education, have an active rest, travel a lot, get positive emotions.

Funds are of great importance in treatment traditional medicine... Recipes for some of them:

• A drink made from ordinary hops helps against insomnia and relieves nervousness and irritability. Two dried cones of raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and insisted for 15 minutes. It is enough to drink a couple of glasses of the prepared drink a day. You can add it to tea.
• Trefoil leaves, peppermint, valerian root, hop cones take in a ratio of 2: 2: 1: 1, chop, mix, pour a glass of boiling water and cook in a water bath for 15 minutes. Insist 45 minutes, strain and take a quarter of a glass after taking the prick twice a day.

Traditional medicine recipes

The central organ of the nervous system is the brain. To preserve his health for a long time, there are proven recipes for traditional medicine. Some of them:

• If you rinse your mouth for five to ten minutes every day (you can use plain drinking water), the brain will receive a massage procedure.
• Mind and memory will sharpen if you rub ghee into whiskey once every day. This should be done for 2-3 weeks.
• One almond per day throughout the month can enhance memory and a variety of creativity.
• The root of the Manchu aralia helps to tone and regulate the activity of the nervous system. To do this, you need to insist five grams of raw materials on fifty milliliters of alcohol or high-quality vodka for twenty one days. Take orally for a month 2-3 times a day, at one time - forty drops.
• You can strengthen the brain by rubbing tincture into the temples and head. It is prepared at home as follows: Veronica herb is poured with alcohol in a ratio of 1: 5 and infused for nine days in a dark place.
• Eating a few ripe apples every day helps to relieve brain fatigue. You need to eat them in the morning.

The central nervous system is directly involved in the work of all organs, systems and processes in a living organism. Therefore, the entire body suffers if there are disorders of the nervous system.

It is very important to monitor the health of your psycho-emotional state. IN everyday life people are often subject to stress, neuroses, chronic fatigue, increased psychological stress. As a result, the nervous system suffers. The person becomes emotionally unstable, irritable. Suffers from various disorders of the nervous system.

The most common diseases of the nervous system

The leading place in the frequency of nervous diseases is neuroses... There are several types of neuroses.

• Neurasthenia - depression of the functions of the nervous system. A disease can occur due to prolonged stress and various psychological trauma. Manifestations: increased nervous irritability, irritability, insomnia, increased aggressiveness, fatigue, tachycardia.

• Obsessive states. The disease develops due to prolonged depression. Manifestations: anxiety, fears for no reason that the patient is well aware, but cannot cope with his worries. This also includes various phobias, nail biting.

• Hysteria. A specific form of neurosis, characterized by excessive suggestibility, egocentricity. Such patients usually throw tantrums in public "playing to the audience" and may even faint. Typical manifestations: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, cardiovascular disorders, a slight increase in temperature.

Vegetovascular dystonia- a nervous disorder with a violation of vital processes: metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature. Therefore, the symptoms of this disease are similar to those of other diseases. Symptoms:

• weakness, increased fatigue;

• sleep disturbance;

• dizziness, headaches;

• heartache;

• asthma attacks;

• bradycardia or tachycardia;

• fluctuations in blood pressure;

• disruption of the intestines, urinary system.

Disease arachnoiditischaracterized by inflammation vascular networkcovering the human brain like an arachnoid membrane. Causes: infections, trauma, intoxication.

Meningitis- spicy inflammatory disease membranes of the brain. Symptoms: unbearable headache, muscle tone disorder, fever, nausea, vomiting.

Stroke - violation of blood circulation in the brain. This is an extreme degree of development of a disease of the nervous system.

Other common diseases of the nervous system include:

Radiculitis - inflammation of the roots spinal cord.

Ganglionitis - refers to the sensitivity of the nerve nodes.

Plexite - disruption of the functioning of the nerve plexuses.

Neuritiscranial and spinal nerves.

For the prevention of diseases of the central nervous system, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner if unpleasant symptoms occur, diagnose the disease in time and treat infectious and other diseases. It is necessary to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, eat well, stop drinking alcohol, drugs, avoid overwork and stress.

A-Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All sections Hereditary diseases Emergencies Eye diseases Childhood diseases Male diseases Sexually transmitted diseases Women's diseases Skin diseases Infectious diseases Nervous diseases Rheumatic diseases Urological diseases Endocrine diseases Immune diseases Allergic diseases Oncological diseases Veins and lymph node diseases Hair diseases Diseases of the teeth Diseases of the blood Diseases of the mammary glands Diseases of ADS and injuries Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the digestive system Diseases of the heart and blood vessels Diseases of the large intestine, Diseases of the large intestine, diseases Narcological problems Mental disorders Speech disorders Cosmetic problems Aesthetic problems

Nervous diseases are diseases that develop as a result of damage to the brain and spinal cord, as well as peripheral nerve trunks and ganglia. Nervous diseases are the subject of a specialized area of \u200b\u200bmedical knowledge - neurology. Since the nervous system is a complex apparatus that connects and regulates all organs and systems of the body, neurology closely interacts with other clinical disciplines such as cardiology, gastroenterology, gynecology, ophthalmology, endocrinology, orthopedics, traumatology, speech therapy, etc. The main specialist in the field of nervous disease is a neurologist.

Nervous diseases can be genetically determined (Rossolimo-Steinert-Kurshman myotonia, Friedreich's ataxia, Wilson's disease, Pierre-Marie's ataxia) or acquired. Congenital malformations of the nervous system (microcephaly, basilar impression, Chimerly's anomaly, Chiari malformation, platibasia, congenital hydrocephalus), in addition to hereditary factors, can lead to unfavorable conditions of intrauterine development of the fetus: hypoxia, radiation, infection (measles, rubella, syphilis, chlamydia , HIV), toxic effects, the threat of spontaneous abortion, eclampsia, Rh-conflict, etc. Infectious or traumatic factors affecting the nervous system immediately after the birth of a child (purulent meningitis, newborn asphyxia, birth trauma, hemolytic disease) often lead to the development of such nervous diseases as cerebral palsy, childhood epilepsy, mental retardation.

Acquired nervous diseases are often associated with infectious lesions of various parts of the nervous system. As a result of the penetration of infection, meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, brain abscess, arachnoiditis, disseminated encephalomyelitis, ganglioneuritis and other diseases develop. A separate group is made up of nervous diseases of traumatic etiology:

Agnosia is a complex disturbance of perception in the conscious state. Partial or complete damage to the work of the organs responsible for receiving information, both from the outside and from the body itself, is possible.

Amnesia

Amnesia is a pathological condition in which there is an inability to remember, store and reproduce distant or recent events.

Arnold-Chiari anomaly

Arnold-Chiari anomaly is a congenital disease in which the cerebellum (one of the parts of the brain) is located directly in the posterior cranial fossa, although it should normally be above the foramen magnum.

Apraxia

Apraxia is a condition in which a person loses the ability to perform routine activities. That is, the patient retains strength in the limbs and motor activity, but the memory of the sequence of actions is disturbed.

Arachnoid cyst

An arachnoid cyst is a cavity filled with fluid, which occurs as a result of stratification of the arachnoid membrane of the elements of the central nervous system.

Autism

Autism is a disorder that affects a person's social interactions, communication, behavior and interests. The disease can find its expression in the most different forms, but it always arises as a result of disturbances in developmental processes in the brain.

Basilar impression

Basilar impression is a pathology characterized by indentation of the occiput bone in the area of \u200b\u200bthe craniovertebral junction into the skull.

Insomnia

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person cannot get enough sleep. In this case, sleep becomes short or shallow. Most frequent reasons deviations are psychological problems, violation of the usual regime, various diseases (heart, liver, etc.), the use of psychotropic drugs.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by selective damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. Today this ailment is chronic and incurable.

Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is an incurable degenerative lesion of the central nervous system, in which memory, speech, logic gradually deteriorate and are lost, and an intellectual disorder is observed. Most often, the disease develops in people after 60 years.

Wilson-Konovalov disease

Wilson-Konovalov's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is a hereditary disease in which there is a violation of copper metabolism in the body. As a result, there is an accumulation of copper in the liver, in the brain, which leads to the emergence of various pathologies.

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease or tremor palsy is a slowly progressive, idiopathic disease of the central nervous system, visually manifested in reflex disorders, tremors, and muscle rigidity. At risk are people aged 57-65 years.

Pick's disease

Pick's disease or lobar sclerosis is a rare chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system, which is characterized by atrophy and destruction of the cerebral cortex, especially in the temporal and frontal lobes... This disease occurs in people over 50. The life expectancy of patients is about 6 years.

Vestibulo-atactic syndrome

Vestibulo-atactic syndrome is a common pathology associated with disruption of work vascular system human body... The pathological process begins with minor symptoms and then leads to pronounced deviations of motor functions.

Vibration sickness

Vibration disease is a disease caused by prolonged exposure to vibration on the human body and is often associated with its professional activities.

Viral meningitis

Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the dura mater caused by filter viruses. Most often, this disease can be contracted by airborne droplets or through contact with a patient. Incubation period infectious meningitis is up to four days.

Ganglioneuritis

Ganglioneuritis is a disease in which an inflammatory lesion of the ganglion occurs with the subsequent joining of the nerve trunks associated with the ganglion in the process of inflammation.

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease that provokes an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain or a violation of its normal outflow.

Hypersomnia

Hypersomnia is a person's condition characterized by prolonged and excessive sleep. With hypersomnia, there is an alternation of daytime sleepiness and prolonged night sleep.

Headache

Headache is pain, discomfort in the head, localized in different places - from the eyebrow line to the back of the head. Headache is considered as an independent disease or as a symptom of other pathologies.

Headache in the temples

A headache in the temples (cephalalgia) is a feeling of discomfort in the head region, which can be a symptom of a pathological condition or various diseases occurring in the human body.

Headache in the back of the head

A headache in the back of the head is one of the most common symptoms of various diseases, which are characterized by pain or discomfort in the back of the head (part of the neck).

Headache during pregnancy

A pregnancy headache is a discomfort or pain sensation that is localized from the eyebrow line to the back of the head. A headache during pregnancy indicates changes in a woman's body, characteristic of her in this position.

Dizziness

Dizziness is a condition provoked by various environmental factors, as well as pathologies and diseases, during which there is an imbalance, a feeling of instability, unsteadiness, rotation of surrounding objects.

Dementia

Dementia is a decrease in the intellectual abilities of the human brain, in which there is a violation of memorization, concentration, logic, learning and reproduction of previously acquired knowledge. The disease proceeds slowly, is very prolonged in time and in all people it happens individually.

Depressive neurosis

Depressive neurosis is one of the types of neurotic disorders, which is manifested by hypodynamia, decreased mood, and inhibition of reactions.

Discogenic myelopathy

Discogenic myelopathy is a neurological disease during which the structures of the spinal cord are affected due to compression by the intervertebral disc.

Rossolimo-Steinert-Kurshman dystrophic myotonia

Rossolimo-Steinert-Kurshman dystrophic myotonia is a hereditary disease with a slowly progressive effect. Patients have atrophic signs on the muscles of the neck, face, limbs, decreased intellectual capabilities, arrhythmia.

Encephalopathy

Dyscirculatory encephalopathy is a chronic and slowly progressive disease of the cerebral vessels, which is manifested by a gradual deterioration in the work of all its functions (DEP).

Benign Rolandic Epilepsy

Benign Rolandic epilepsy is a type of focal epilepsy that is genetically determined. The disease manifests itself in the form of rare, usually nocturnal seizures, convulsive seizures affecting one half of the face, pharynx and tongue.

Hiccups

Hiccups are an unnatural breathing state that results in short, specific breathing movements that occur due to jerky contractions of the diaphragm.

Stroke

Stroke is a destructive disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain and the entire blood supply to this organ, in which this acute disorder can occur either in a specific focus, or it can be a general damage to its functions for the entire organ.

Ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is an acute violation of blood flow to the brain. Of the number of strokes, disorders of the ischemic type account for more than eighty percent.

Septal cyst

The cyst of the transparent septum is a cavity formation in the form of a capsule with dense walls, filled with fluid, and located in the brain cavity. The walls of the cyst of the transparent septum consist of cells of the arachnoid membrane, and it is filled with cerebrospinal fluid - cerebral fluid.

Coma

Coma is an acutely developing state of the human body, which threatens his life and is characterized by loss of consciousness, disruption of the central nervous system, depression of the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Sometimes it is a characteristic of a decrease in the function of the central nervous system, as a result of which brain death can begin.

Lumbago

Lumbago - sharp pain in the lumbar spine, accompanied by a constant tone (tension) of the back muscles. The symptomatology of lumbago is similar to the symptomatology of rheumatism, which often leads to an incorrect diagnosis.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. The excitatory process most often involves the pia mater, less often the dura mater.

Migraine

Migraine is a paroxysmal, throbbing headache that is localized in only one hemisphere. Most often, the disease occurs in women.

Myoclonus

Myoclonus is a sudden chaotic contraction of individual muscles or the entire body of a person, both in an active state and at rest. Myoclonus is not considered a serious medical condition. Involuntary twitching of the muscles is possible with fright or as a startle when dozing.

Myotonia

Myotonia - refers to the group of neuromuscular diseases characterized by the presence of a myotonic phenomenon or "contracture", which consists in a sharp difficulty in relaxing muscles after a strong contraction.

Muscle spasm

Muscle spasm (cramps) is a condition characterized by involuntary contractions of certain muscle groups or one muscle. This condition is accompanied by aching and sharp pain in the area of \u200b\u200bmuscle spasm.

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a pathological condition during which the central nervous system is damaged, as a result of which a sleep disorder occurs. This pathology called Zhelino's disease or paroxysm of irresistible drowsiness. Most often, men suffer from narcolepsy. The prevalence of the disease per one hundred thousand population is about 30 people.

Sleep disturbance

Sleep disturbance is a condition in which a person's subjective sensations and complaints about the difficulty of falling asleep, maintaining adequate sleep and its failure are noted.

Neuralgia

Neuralgia is a peripheral nerve disorder that is accompanied by severe pain paroxysmal character in the area of \u200b\u200bits innervation.

Trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is chronic illness trigeminal nerve, which is accompanied by severe paroxysmal pain in the area of \u200b\u200bits innervation.

Neuritis

Neuritis is an inflammatory disease that manifests itself as pain at the site of the nerve passage, impaired sensitivity, muscle weakness in the area affected by inflammation.

Facial nerve neuritis

Facial neuritis is an inflammatory pathology that affects the nerve facial muscles on one half of the face, which leads to the development of weakness, a decrease in the activity of mimic movements or their paralysis, and asymmetry of the face.

Trigeminal neuritis

Trigeminal neuritis is characterized by inflammation of the sensitivity of the nerve itself and the myelin sheath. The essence of this disease is a disruption in the work of vegetative and animal areas.

Neuroses

Neuroses is the general name for the category of functional diseases that arise as a result of prolonged and serious stress and depression. They deplete the central nervous system of a person, cause him a feeling of anxiety, and also lead to a number of vegetative pathologies of sweating, palpitations, abnormalities of the stomach.

Nervous tic

Nerve tics are uncontrolled repetitive contractions of one muscle or an entire muscle group. Such nervousness can manifest itself in twitching, abrupt movements, and even involuntary shouting of words.

Oligophrenia

Oligophrenia is a congenital or acquired pathology in early childhood, accompanied by a delay or complete cessation of mental and mental development, as well as impaired intelligence. In addition to psychological and mental factors, mental retardation affects emotions, speech, and motor skills of a person.

Osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis is a disease of the spinal motion segment that primarily affects intervertebral discs, and then - the rest of the spine, the nervous system. Compression of the spinal cord and its roots provokes back pain, numbness of the limbs.

Osteocondritis of the spine

Osteochondrosis of the spine - degenerative-dystrophic damage to the intervertebral discs, articular surfaces of the vertebrae, ligamentous apparatus and adjacent soft tissues.

Paralysis

Paralysis is muscle dysfunction, complete or partial absence of the ability to contract. Paralysis is not an independent disease, but a symptom or complication of an underlying disease or condition of the body.

Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism is a syndrome that manifests itself in neurological patients, which is characterized by the presence of quiet speech and decreased motor activity.

Perinatal encephalopathy

Perinatal encephalopathy is characterized by various types of lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), which occur during the time the fetus is in the womb, during childbirth, or during neonatal development.

Polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy is a symmetrically spreading pathological process that occurs against the background of multiple lesions of peripheral nerves.

Brain cancer

Brain cancer is an intracranial malignant formation that has arisen as a result of uncontrolled cell division of brain tissue, lymphatic tissue, meninges, blood vessels, cranial nerves, or as a result of metastasis of a primary tumor localized in another organ.

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of autoimmune etiology, which is characterized by damage to the conductors in the spinal cord and brain.

Gaia Wernicke syndrome

Gaia Wernicke's syndrome (Wernicke's disease, hemorrhagic upper Wernicke polioencephalitis) is a condition characterized by damage to the midbrain and hypothalamus. It usually develops with chronic alcohol use.

Nervous diseases - this is pathological changes various etiologies in the functionality of the nervous system. These diseases are the subject of research in a special science - neurology.

The nervous system is responsible for the work and interconnection of all systems and organs of the human body. It unites the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which includes the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.

Nerve endings provide motor activity and sensitivity to all parts of our body. A separate autonomic (autonomic) nervous system inverts the cardiovascular system and other organs.

Nervous diseases

Diseases of the nervous system, depending on their etiology, are divided into 5 groups.

• vascular;
• infectious;
• hereditary;
• chronic;
• tumor;
• traumatic.

Descriptions of nervous diseases

Causes of nervous diseases

Neurological processes can be both congenital and acquired.

Congenital malformations of the fetus can develop as a result of unfavorable conditions during intrauterine development:

• oxygen deficiency;
• exposure to radiation;
• infectious diseases;
• poisoning;
• risk of miscarriage;
• blood conflict and others.

If, immediately after birth, the child is injured or infectious diseases, for example, meningitis or birth trauma, this can also lead to the development of neurological disorders.

Acquired neurological syndrome is associated with infections that affect any part of the nervous system. The infectious process provokes various diseases (meningitis, brain abscess, ganglioneuritis and others).

Separately, I must say about diseases of the nervous system that have arisen as a result of trauma - head injury, spinal cord injury, and so on.

Neurological diseases can develop as a result of vascular changes, which in most cases are observed in old age - strokes, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, and so on. If metabolic changes occur, then Parkinson's disease develops.

In addition, there are neurological diseases associated with tumors. Since the space inside the skull or spinal canal is limited, even benign growths can cause diseases of the nervous system. In addition, complete removal of a brain tumor (both brain and spinal) remains difficult, resulting in frequent relapses diseases.

Thus, the following causes of nervous diseases are distinguished:

• infectious agents;
• trauma;
• hypoxia;
• high or low body temperature;
• poisoning with toxic substances;
• radiation, exposure to electric current;
• metabolic disorder;
• hormonal disorders;
• heredity;
• genetic pathologies;
• tumors;
• the impact of medications.

Symptoms of nervous diseases

Every nervous disease has its own characteristic symptoms, but there are also similar signs that are observed in almost all pathologies of the nervous system.

Descriptions of symptoms of diseases of the nervous system:

Diagnostics of nervous diseases

Diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system begins with interviewing the patient. clarifies his complaints, attitude to work, the environment, clarifies the currently existing diseases, analyzes the patient for the adequacy of reactions to external stimuli, his intellect, orientation in space and time. In case of suspicion of nervous diseases, instrumental diagnostics of diseases of the nervous system are "connected".

The basis for instrumental diagnosis of these pathologies:

• Echo-EG;
• spine radiography;
• electromyography;
• neurosonography (for a child of the first year of life).

Today, there are other accurate methods for diagnosing nervous diseases:

• magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography;
• positron emission tomography of the brain;
• duplex scanning;
• USDG of the vessels of the head.

Since the nervous system is interconnected and depends on other systems of the body, then when diagnosing diseases of the nervous system, consultations of other specialist doctors are required. For these purposes, a blood test, urine test, biopsy and other general diagnostic data are taken.

Treatment of nervous diseases

As a rule, nervous diseases are treated in a hospital setting and require intensive care.

The following treatment methods are used:

It should be remembered that the chances of getting rid of an acquired disease at the beginning of its development are much higher than with treatment in the last stages. Therefore, having found symptoms, you should visit a specialist as early as possible and not self-medicate. Self-medication does not bring the desired effect and can significantly aggravate the course of the disease.

Prevention of nervous diseases

Prevention of diseases of the nervous system consists, first of all, in the correct way of life, in which there is no place for stressful situations, nervous excitement, excessive experiences. To exclude the likelihood of some kind of nervous disease, you need to regularly monitor your health.

Prevention of diseases of the nervous system is to lead a healthy lifestyle:

• do not abuse smoking and alcohol;
• do not take drugs;
• engage in physical education;
• have an active rest;
• to travel a lot;
• get positive emotions.