Skin diseases of the legs: types, photos, description and treatment. Why did a dark spot appear on the leg, how to quickly get rid of it Brown spots on the bones of the legs

The most famous and common sign of the development of many diseases of the legs is the appearance of a rash on lower limbs.

Small rashes of red color have a certain nature of origin, therefore, before removing them, you need to understand why the spot appeared on the leg (a red spot is always considered a symptom of the development of pathology, since this symptom is not able to "attack" the skin on its own).

Red spots on the feet and base of the lower extremities can cause discomfort and itching, it is better not to get rid of them at home. If the disease that caused the symptom is not completely healed, red spots on the calves and other parts of the lower extremities will persecute the patient constantly.

Let's figure out why red spots appear on the legs. First of all, we will consider what types of red spots a person can detect:

• rough spots;
• dry rashes localized on the lower legs;
• small red lesions of the skin;
• one large neoplasm, the edging of which is represented by a yellow-white base;
• red and white rashes with different shape and shade (based on the course of the underlying disease, it is bright or pale);
• large red spots on the legs, localized in the lower extremities;
• a rash that looks like a heat burn;
• spots attacking the fingers of the lower extremities;
• small red dots on the legs below the knees (often they can be found on the calves);
• large scarlet spots that bring pain and discomfort to a person.

Based on the type of rash, it is possible to make the correct diagnosis, according to which it will be possible to start treating the pathology.

It is forbidden to carry out therapy on your own, since rashes often indicate the presence of serious diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, and others.

With their development, it will not be possible to remove the spots, since they will constantly haunt the patient and, upon completion of the course of treatment, will reappear on the lower extremities.

Red spots appearing on the legs represent a dermatological change in the skin that attacks a specific area of ​​the lower extremities. This means that if a rash appears on the foot, it is unlikely to spread to the calf or ankle.

They are capable of causing this symptom cosmetical tools and also a number pathological conditions a person flowing in the body and requiring compulsory treatment.

Reasons for the appearance

Red spots on the legs, the causes of which are very different, need to be treated only after the correct diagnosis has been made. Today, if a red spot appears on the leg, a photo of which will help to correctly recognize the course of a particular disease, this indicates the development of the following pathologies in the body:

Allergy

If a person suffers from allergies, his legs often itch and red spots appear (a photo of the rash will help the patient to accurately determine that he is developing an allergic reaction).

They appear due to the activation of an allergen in the body, which tries to show a person about the danger.

In addition to the appearance of spots on the legs, they can also be found on the face, hands and body of the patient. As a rule, rashes do not hurt, do not flake or itch. These signs will only appear if they are swollen.

With the development of allergies in the body, the spots will increase in size. TO additional symptoms the appearance of allergies includes shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and legs, difficulty swallowing.

Psoriasis

If flaky spots appear on your feet, it could be a sign of psoriasis. He appears earlier than others. Additional symptoms of the disease include damage to the nail plate, sores on the head and body.

The rashes will not bother the person, they will not itch and itch. However, the treatment of pathology is recommended to be carried out in a short time in order to avoid its transition to a chronic form (then it will be quite difficult to get rid of the rashes).

Deprive the pink color

This is the main type of mycosis of the skin, which is represented by a fungal infection of the lower extremities. Pathology will manifest itself on two legs at once, which will make it possible to make the correct diagnosis. Depriving of pink color does not pose a danger to others, since the disease is not considered contagious.

Peculiarities! If the pathology is running, the red rash will itch - in this case, the patient will need an ointment for red spots on the legs, which will relieve discomfort.

Eczema

It is known that skin diseases are acute in humans, so it is not difficult to notice their signs. If the patient develops eczema, in addition to red spots on the legs, he will also notice rough rashes, small blisters, papules (these are nodules that are located under the skin layer, they lack any content).

If the stains are constantly rubbed with clothes, ulcers form in their place over time, which are long and problematic to heal.

Atopic dermatitis

A distinctive feature of red rashes is that they are often swollen, flaky and have an uneven outline.

If the rash increases in the cold, this indicates the course of atopic dermatitis in the patient.

In the warmth, neoplasms become smaller and lose their bright red color. If left untreated, they will cause pain and discomfort in a person.

Varicose veins

Vascular spots on the legs, photos of which indicate a violation of the integrity of the vessels, are most often accompanied by the appearance of red rashes on the lower extremities.

In addition to such neoplasms, the patient may notice a change in skin color, which indicates the difficulties in the movement of blood through the vessels.

Red neoplasms with varicose veins appear on the calves, legs, with neglected treatment, they can be detected above the patella. Also, a person will find enlarged veins, which cause the appearance of red spots of various diameters. It can provoke redness.

Gangrene and diabetes mellitus

Some advanced diseases lead to the appearance of red spots, which gradually become darker and larger.

These include gangrene and diabetes mellitus, which begin their development with the appearance of spots on the lower extremities.

These growths are similar in shape, type, and size.

Any disease that causes red rashes on the body is a danger to human health. Therefore, in order to avoid health problems, you need to carefully monitor your health, and if you find spots, be sure to consult a doctor.

What to do if spots are found on the lower limbs

After detecting red rashes on the legs and body, it is imperative to visit a dermatologist who will conduct an examination and make the correct diagnosis for the patient.

Depending on the disease, the patient is prescribed treatment for the rash. For example, if diabetes mellitus caused their formation, it is enough for the patient to start taking insulin preparations, and then the neoplasms will quickly disappear.

And during the course of eczema or psoriasis, a person will need to lubricate neoplasms with ointment, make lotions based on medicinal herbs as well as taking medications.

If the disease is caused by fungi, antifungal compounds are prescribed. Treatment of pink lichen is carried out by taking strengthening agents that positively affect the state of immunity, because it is he who is considered to be the culprit for the development of the disease.

Conclusion

Often, the patient is assigned to maintain a strict daily regimen and hypoallergenic nutrition, which will quickly get rid of red rashes on the lower extremities.

In contact with

Red spots on the ankles are often a symptom of dermatological diseases. The rash may appear as small or large dots or blisters, be localized compactly, or cover a large area. To eliminate stains, it is worthwhile to thoroughly deal with the cause of the rash.

Typical causes of red spots

Red spots on the ankles can be triggered by various factors. Most often they occur with allergic reactions and certain skin diseases. Size, shape and other characteristics will help clarify the diagnosis:

• Contact dermatitis... Common pathology, not threatened dangerous consequences... As a result of the disease, red spots appear on the ankles, which itch a lot, peel off and dry, turning into a sore. The cause of the reaction is the effect of the allergen on the body. External irritants are synthetic fabric, shoes, shower products, room cleaning, etc. Dermatitis can occur in both a child and an adult. A distinctive feature is that the spots quickly disappear when contact with the allergen stops. If contact continues, extensive blisters develop, red spots grow and become painful.
• Mycosis of the feet... Often provokes pigmentation of the ankles. The disease occurs in children and adults. The main signs are red spots, dry skin, itching and flaking. The causative agent of mycosis - a fungus - tends to progress in the summer. The disease can be acute and chronic form... The main site of localization is the toes and interdigital folds; with complications, the skin on the ankles and calves are involved. At risk are men and women who have excess weight, increased sweating and varicose veins.
• Psoriasis- a dermatological disease of a hereditary type, proceeds in an acute and chronic form. Localized on the body, the lower leg and ankles are occasionally affected. As the disease progresses, the skin begins to itch, itch strongly, and become rough to the touch. It is believed that stressful situations, depression and anxiety can provoke psoriasis.
• Insect bites- often cause red spots on the skin. They are caused by blood-sucking, in the summer - mosquitoes, cobwebs, midges. All year round, itchy spots appear as a result of the proximity of bed mites, bed bugs, lice and fleas. There may be an extensive rash, the appearance of sores at the sites of bites, cracks and swelling.
• Lichen pink- refers to mycoses, has mild signs in the form of peeling and itching. Occurs in children and adults. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus. Often, the disease develops against a background of low immune status and does not pose a danger to others.
• Eczema- passes in acute and chronic form. Symptoms are bright: a severe rash appears on the skin, papules and bubbles with liquid contents. Gradually the spots become dry and peel off. It is more often localized in the armpit area, between the legs, on the legs and feet.



Erysipelas is dangerous inflammatory disease

Often, the ankles can turn red due to special conditions of the body, which occur very rarely and manifest themselves in different ways in each person.

These reasons include:

• Erysipelas- an inflammatory disease of the skin. The causative agent is pathogenic microbes, usually streptococci. In addition to redness and crimson spots on the legs, a person observes general malaise, fever and sweating. The limb swells a lot. The skin is hot and dry to the touch. Erysipelas provokes trauma and damage to the skin, through which infection with pathogenic flora occurs.
• Syphilis- determined by the rapid and extensive skin lesions with pink or red spots. Their number increases daily, while there are no additional signs.
• Drinking alcoholic beverages- after drinking alcohol, some people notice reddish spots all over the body, including the ankles.

Dark spots on the ankles of the feet



A dark spot on the ankle may be due to injury

They can appear due to certain diseases, external influences or physiological conditions. It is impossible to accurately determine the cause of their development by looking at the skin; an examination is required.

Possible causes of dark spots:

• Disruption of metabolic processes.
• Injuries to the lower extremities, as a result, the skin becomes red and then brown.
• Development of infectious processes.
• Allergic reaction to food, medications and other.
• Pathological processes thyroid gland, abnormal functioning of the liver and adrenal glands.
• Deficiency of vitamins and minerals. Often the symptom is associated with a lack of routine, ascorbic acid or vitamin A.
• Vascular diseases - against the background of weakness of the vascular walls or stagnation of blood, blood circulation is disturbed, hematomas are formed. Often, the legs above the ankle swell and red spots appear that are painful to the touch.
• Varicose veins - accompanied by a severe pathological process, has a vivid clinical picture. It is fraught with complications, promotes the development of thrombophlebitis, ulcers. Bright manifestations - the appearance of brown or dark spots, the skin of the lower extremities becomes denser and begins to swell. Often, the swelling is very extensive, as a result of which the bone on the ankle is hidden. Any touch of the veins is accompanied by soreness.

Therapeutic tactics



It is necessary to start treatment of spots on the skin by establishing the cause of their appearance. It is impossible to cope with such a task on your own; you need to visit a doctor. Such symptoms can be the result of serious pathologies.

If spots on the ankle appear due to allergic reaction contact with the allergen should be avoided. To reduce discomfort, the patient is prescribed antihistamines:

• Loratadin- relieves swelling, itching, prevents the appearance of new spots. Refers to the second generation means, therefore does not depress nervous system... Available in regular and effervescent tablets, in the form of a syrup. Contraindicated in pregnancy, in case of kidney and liver disease, and intolerance.
• Elokom- effectively suppresses the action of allergens, relieving symptoms. The drug is produced in the form of an ointment, lotion and cream.
• Advantan- a popular antiallergic agent, has a good antipruritic, decongestant effect. The medicine helps to relieve redness, inflammation, is used mainly for skin lesions. Available in various forms.

For dermatological diseases, when itching, peeling and dry skin occurs, antibacterial, antiseptic and analgesic ointments are prescribed. If necessary, a course of medication is prescribed.

If a dark spot on the skin is a consequence of a deficiency of vitamins and minerals, the patient is prescribed a balanced diet, vitamin complex, drugs to strengthen the immune system.

Eczema and psoriasis must be treated in a timely manner, giving preference to complex therapy. When the first signs appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Often, anti-inflammatory, antihistamines are used for treatment, in rare cases, hormonal therapy.


Varicose veins, especially in advanced cases, are treated by phlebologists and surgeons. It will not be possible to cope with such a pathology on its own. The choice of the method of therapy is determined by the stage and severity of the symptoms.

In severe circulatory disorders, the vessels become clogged and give the legs a blue and then dark shade.

If the disease is on initial stage, special drugs that stimulate blood thinning and its movement through the veins and blood vessels will help to cope with it.

Red spots in the ankle area must be treated in time to avoid complications.

Brown spots on the legs are a sign of some kind of malfunction in the body.

The skin protects our body from various external influences and is in close contact with the organs. With pathologies, the skin changes its appearance.

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The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor. Any drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required, as well as a detailed study of the instructions! ...

Why do spots appear on my feet?

Brown spots appear on the feet for many reasons. Non-hazardous factors include: the effect of hair removal, contact with synthetics, chafing shoes or the use of unsuitable cream products... The appearance of stains in these situations is innocent and does not pose a threat to human health.

The appearance of spots can be triggered by disorders of the body or various diseases:

1. With trophic disorders. The disease is observed violation of blood vessels, for example, in diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis.
2. They may indicate the presence of a disease such as neurofibromatosis. It develops at the genetic level.
3. Pigmented spots can occur with dermatitis. it chronic illness, which is prone to frequent relapse. Congestive dermatitis occurs with varicose veins or overweight. With this diagnosis, pain occurs in the lower extremities of the legs. For general information: congestive dermatitis is manifested by extensive brown pigmentation and swelling of the legs, with regular itching. The lesion of the skin begins with the ankle and gradually spreads to the entire leg. The skin layers in these areas become brown and hard to the touch.
4. For diseases of the stomach or intestines.
5. With oncology.

Toenail problems

Brown spots on toenails are caused by wearing uncomfortable shoes. Nails are injured, blood circulation is disturbed, which leads to a discoloration of the nail part.

But there will be other causes of dark spots:

• Bruising, which later appear as dark spots;
• Avitaminosis, lack of vitamin B 12;
• Renal failure;
• Heart diseases;
• Bronchitis or lung problems;
• Malignant melanoma;
• Longitudinal, brown stripes on the nail plate indicate pigmented pathologies;
• If a stain appears on a large nail, around the skin, this may indicate the manifestations of psoriasis.

Brownish spots on the nails do not always indicate the presence of the disease. Discoloration of the nail plate is associated with improper care of this part of the body.

Brown lesions in the feet

Brown pigmentation in the area of ​​the feet is caused by lipodermatosclerosis.

The disease changes the color of the skin, the feet will be swollen, even slightly poured.

A disease occurs on the basis of varicose veins.

Let's take a closer look at the course of the disease:

• The exhausted system (venous) cannot work in a standard rhythm;
• The blood flows in the opposite direction;
• Venous pressure increases and rests against the base of the foot;
• Then blood flows out of the blood vessels, and brown pigmentation occurs.

To cure hyperpigmentation in the feet, it is necessary to undergo an examination to find out the exact diagnosis. If you do not start treatment for lipodermatosclerosis, the disease will progress. Over time, normal movement will be accompanied by severe pain.

One of the simplest and effective ways medical stockings or compression hosiery... These items will squeeze the leg below the knee, improve microcirculation in the limbs and ensure proper blood flow.

Use creams that contain corticosteroids. They will heal the affected tissue.

Formation of pathology with varicose veins

Varicose veins is a serious disease in which there is pain in the legs, then in the heart. Varicose veins are not a fatal disease, they face serious complications: thrombophlebitis or trophic ulcer, which are fatal.

At the first symptoms of the development of varicose veins, swelling of the extremities appears, which quickly passes. But over time, the places of edema begin to itch a lot, and pigmentation appears.

It has a smooth, shiny appearance, sometimes covered with small bubbles, which from time to time pass, then reappear. Without timely treatment, the disease begins to progress.

Itching and burning of the damaged areas intensifies at times. Light spots take on a dark brown tint. Their formation occurs due to stagnation of blood.

The spots are quite dangerous, occur in the ankle area. They lead to varicose dermatitis and create scar wounds.

If you do not carry out treatment, the skin, where the spots have appeared, becomes dense and dry, it is impossible to take it into a fold. After some hour, a liquid appears, which indicates a trophic ulcer.

Before proceeding with the treatment of varicose spots, it is necessary to cure the underlying disease. In order for the skin to acquire its natural color, blood vessels should be treated.

It is impossible to remove pigmentation in the presence of prominent veins!

A surgeon and a dermatologist treat and diagnose the disease.

Specialists prescribe:

• Diet therapy;
• Wearing special underwear;
• Ointments and gels;
• Therapeutic exercise;
• Electrical stimulation, it improves the movement of blood to the extremities;
• Traditional medicine, which is carried out in combination with other drugs.

If conservative treatment has not yielded results, then surgery will be required.

If the varicose veins are healed and the brown areas remain, they can be removed with a medical laser. This procedure is convenient, painless, but effective. After 5 sessions, brown pigmentation will leave your legs!

Video

Development in the shin area in men and women

A brown color in the lower leg area may indicate the development of diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis. In these diseases, the spots on both legs are located symmetrically. In the early stages, the spot size is from one to 2 centimeters. This pathology is more common in men.

Consider the main diseases that lead to brown spots in the lower leg area:

1. Damaged capillaries or blood vessels lead to minor hemorrhage. As a result, the natural skin color becomes brown. In medicine, this is called diabetic dermopathy. This is the most common skin condition in which brown pigmentation affects the lower leg area. For the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations. The specialist will determine the correct diagnosis and prescribe proper nutrition and drugs.
2. Lipoid necrobiosis leads to impaired fat metabolism and changes the structure of blood vessels. Brown plaques develop in the lower leg area. The plaques will then be pigmented atrophic dark brown spots. If the disease is not treated, the spots will increase in size, form ulcers and hurt a lot. Lipoid necrobiosis is treated with injections that are injected into the affected area of ​​the lower leg. Bandages are put on and potent corticosteroids are applied.
3. Atherosclerosis provokes the appearance of spots on the legs in men (they are brown, scaly, localized in the lower leg). Over time, they degenerate into wounds that hurt and bring a lot of suffering. To cure a disease, you need to get rid of all risk factors. Refuse the use of nicotine, alcoholic beverages, resort to frequent walks in the fresh air, swimming, reduce the production of stress hormones.

Small brownish specks

Small brown spots in the leg area can occur due to various medical conditions.

The reasons for the development of pathology in humans

Small pigmentation of the skin of the legs can be triggered by:

1. Avitaminosis. The skin layers lack vitamins of groups A, C and PP.
2. Trophic disorders are the cause of fine pigmentation. They indicate changes in blood circulation in the vessels.
3. Age-related changes result in small, brown spots below the knees.
4. Sometimes pregnant women are prone to uneven pigmentation. After childbirth, the normal color is restored.
5. Frequent exposure to sunlight provokes the appearance of small spots on the legs. The skin becomes brown, becomes dense, and sometimes peeling is observed.
6. Small age spots may be common freckles. They are noticeable in summer, while in winter the rash is compared to the natural skin color.
7. Small pigmentation occurs with neurofibromatosis. Initially, pigmentation has light brown tones, darkens over time and forms nodules of red shades. This suggests that the disease has started and that inflammatory processes have begun in the bone tissues.

Effective treatment methods

To remove small dark spots on the legs, you need to understand the causes of pigmentation. They are associated with both external factors and internal problems.

Spots that appear as a result of epilation or wearing uncomfortable shoes can go away on their own, pigmentation, which is provoked by phlebological factors, will require long treatment and rehabilitation.

After examination and testing, the dermatologist will prescribe therapy in accordance with the type, color and shape of the skin lesions.

Initially, the doctor sets the tasks:

• To cure the underlying disease that triggered the appearance of pigmentation;
• Exclude contact with all allergens;
• Appointment of effective drugs and external agents;
• Restore the immune system;
• Taking antihistamine ointments and creams.

Small spots on the legs, especially those that appear repeatedly, need special attention. Never resort to self-treatment... Timely referral to a specialist will speed up the healing process at times.

Treatment with folk methods

Removal of stains can occur both medically and folk method... Together, these 2 methods work better. Consider some effective folk recipes, which are actively used by people to destroy pigmentation.

You can whiten pigmentation with a fresh cucumber. To do this, rub the vegetable on a coarse grater and apply the resulting gruel to the damaged areas of the body.

Yeast is no less effective in removing pigmentation on the legs. Take 40 grams of yeast and mix it with the same amount of lemon juice.

Apply this substance to age spots for twenty minutes, then wash off the mixture with warm water, let the skin dry naturally. Moisten the skin layers with baby cream.

Take cottage cheese (100 grams), add ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (20 drops each). Stir the mixture thoroughly and apply the mask to problem areas in the leg area. After twenty minutes, wash off the mask with warm water. After 10-15 applications, age spots will be less visible.

Fresh parsley is the main helper in the fight against pigmentation. Its use is allowed both in pure, chopped form, and with the addition of milk, lemon or honey (in equal proportions).

These medicinal mixtures are applied for thirty minutes, then washed off with cool water, problem areas are lubricated with a moisturizer.

An ordinary lemon will save you from brown spots. Mix lemon juice (100 grams) with purified water (200 ml). Lubricate pigment formations with the prepared lotion daily.

Lemon juice can be added to any rich cream. Apply the composition to the legs before going to bed for 15 minutes. Then, using a cotton swab dipped in pasteurized milk, remove the lemon remedy.

For leg skin pigmentation, use currants, strawberries or strawberries. The presented berries are distinguished by an amazing whitening feature. Mash the sweet berries with a regular fork. Apply the resulting mixture to problem areas of the body. The result will appear.

If age spots on the legs were formed as a result of pregnancy and did not disappear after childbirth, then combine milk (60 ml) with vodka (20 ml). Wipe the damaged areas of your legs with the solution obtained daily.

Consequences and complications

If the brown pigmentation on the legs is associated with sunlight, uncomfortable shoes or unsuccessful hair removal, there are no complications.

If the appearance of brown spots is provoked by diseases and treatment did not take place on time, then bad consequences and complications cannot be avoided:

1. If you do not treat the pigmentation on the legs caused by diabetes or atherosclerosis, then the spots will begin to increase in size, transform into ulcers, fester and ache.
2. As the brown rash in the leg area, the appearance of which provoked neurofibromatosis, heals, deformation of bone tissue may begin. This disease can carry a number of complications: swelling spinal cord, complete loss of vision and hearing.
3. Untimely treatment of brown lesions caused by varicose veins can cause serious complications to a person. With an advanced form, bleeding opens, thrombosis begins (the vein is closed by a thrombus), the venous walls become inflamed, and a trophic ulcer subsequently forms.

Do not delay a visit to the doctor. As soon as brown age spots appear on the legs, seek help from a medical institution, where they will determine the cause of the dark formations and provide timely treatment.

Preventive measures of prevention

By adhering to some rules, the likelihood of pigmentation in the leg area is reduced to zero.

1. Do not stay under the hot rays of the scorching sun for a long time.
2. Protect your feet from direct sunlight with trousers, thick fabric can shield your body.
3. Drink as much fluid as possible to stay hydrated.
4. Introduce a maximum of fruits, vegetables and herbs (parsley, celery, dill) into the diet.
5. When preparing breakfast, lunch or dinner, do not forget about vitamin E, which is abundant in butter.
6. Buy cosmetic products with a whitening effect and high quality, do not skimp on the price.

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

General information

Spots on the feet- This is a change in skin color on a clearly localized area of ​​the legs. The shape and size of the spots vary greatly, and most often they do not protrude above the surface of the body.

If roseola is not inflamed, it is almost impossible to detect, it is slightly paler than the surface of the body, does not flake or merge with other spots. A similar form of spots is characteristic of patients with pityriasis versicolor, secondary syphilis, leprosy, erythrasma.

Large vascular spots can be located on any part of the legs, they often merge with each other, their shape is irregular, they are well delineated. These spots are called erythema. This spot necessarily itches a lot, the skin at the site of the lesion is inflamed, red. Erythema is formed in patients with dermatitis, toxidermia, eczema.

Hemorrhagic vascular spots can appear with or without inflammation, and they usually appear with hemorrhage in the upper layers of the skin. If inflammation is present, vascular permeability increases. If there is no inflammation, vascular injury is the result of injury or contact with toxic substances.

Hemorrhagic spots can be of various sizes. Small spots up to one centimeter in diameter are called petechiae, slightly large ones in the form of lines are linear purple spots, and large and round spots are ecchymosis, while the largest are called hematomas. Syndromes in which hemorrhagic spots appear on the body are called purple. Such conditions are typical for people suffering from hypovitaminosis, toxidermia, vasculitis, as well as some infectious ailments.

If spots appear due to an increase in the lumen of the vessels and when viewed, their vessels are clearly visible, they are called telangiectasias. Such spots appear with paralysis of the vessel walls. The reason for their appearance can be both overheating or hypothermia of the skin, and physiological processes in the body ( typical for young people of puberty).

If the level of pigment in the dermis decreases or increases, spots of a dark or pale color appear. If the pigmentation is increased, the spots will be beige to dark chocolate. These spots are called chloasma, lentigines, or freckles.

Freckles are called small spots that appear on the body, including on the legs, when exposed to ultraviolet light. This is a hereditary trait.

Lentigo- these are spots that are on the body already at birth. The shape and size of these spots are varied, often lentigo is combined with increased keratinization of the skin.

Chloasma large dark spots are called, which more often affect the face, but can also form on the legs. Their appearance is associated with an increase in the production of melanin, characteristic of diseases of the thyroid gland, liver, adrenal glands.

Areas of the skin that are completely free of pigment are called leucoderma or vitiligo.
Small spots without pigment are called leukoderma. The true form of leucoderma appears in patients with typhoid or typhus, as well as secondary syphilis.
In addition, similar spots can appear with pink and pityriasis lichen, psoriasis and eczema in places where there were previously plaques.

Why do they appear?

The reasons for the appearance of spots on the legs can be both completely innocent and quite dangerous. For example, stains can be caused by hair removal, contact with synthetic fibers, or rubbing with shoes. In the event that birthmarks do not bother in any way, do not change color and do not grow, you can forget about their existence.

Often red spots appear after use detergent or cream. The allergy will go away immediately after the contact between the skin and the allergen ceases. Red spots may indicate the development of a rather unpleasant disease called vasculitis. Therefore, they should be addressed Special attention... The condition of the legs indicates the condition of the vessels and veins of the whole organism. That is why, after consulting a dermatologist, it may well be necessary to consult a phlebologist or vascular surgeon.

The appearance of dark brown spots may be due to a lack of vitamins PP, C or A. If lighter areas of the skin appear, it is likely that the body does not have enough B vitamins.

Scaly pink spots on the legs are most likely lichen pink... With this disease, only the general treatment of the body is effective. Any treatment of the affected areas can aggravate the disease. Therefore, if stains appear, you should consult a doctor.

Red spots

Reasons for the appearance:

• dermatitis,
• allergy,
• eczema,

If red spots appear on your legs, you should consult a doctor, since you will hardly be able to deal with this phenomenon on your own - too many different diseases can cause them.

The most common causes are dermatitis, allergies to household chemicals, pet hair or clothing fibers.

Also very common reason is mycosis. This is a fungal disease that is diagnosed in the laboratory. If a fungus is suspected, an analysis is prescribed, on the basis of which therapy will be prescribed. Antifungal drugs act very quickly and if the diagnosis is correct, the result of treatment will be noticeable in a few days.

Some types of stains, for example, caused by the development of hemangioma, are removed only promptly. Hemangioma can appear in an adult, or it can be congenital. Is not malignant tumor, which does not pose a danger to life and health.

One of the first signs of beginning varicose veins may also be red spots on the legs. They are usually combined with heaviness or pain in the lower extremities. If these symptoms are observed, you should visit a phlebologist. Varicose veins are dangerous because, with the wrong behavior and the absence of treatment, it can flow into thrombophlebitis, the legs will be covered with trophic ulcers. If you identify varicose veins at the very beginning of the process, you can slow down the development of the disease in time. If there is a possibility of varicose veins, an ultrasound examination is used for diagnosis.

White spots

White spots on the legs, as well as on any other part of the body, are scientifically called vitiligo, but simply dog. The more tanned the body, the more visible these spots are. This disease refers to chronic, and most often affects young women. Signs of the disease can appear at any age. It is painless, but inconvenient. In addition, these areas of the skin are completely defenseless against ultraviolet rays. The hair on the affected areas is also not dyed. On the legs, spots most often affect the knees.

The reasons for the development of vitiligo are unknown, doctors believe that the disease develops with metabolic disorders.

The provoking factors can be:

• diseases of the sex glands,
• diseases of the adrenal glands,
• diseases of the thyroid gland,
• severe emotional upheaval.

The predisposition to vitiligo is inherited.
From the point of view of traditional healers, the main reason for the development of vitiligo is disruption of the pancreas.
More susceptible to this disease are people with cold extremities, prone to dizziness, increased sweating.

The stain itches

Itchy skin is called purite. The itching is sometimes so severe that a person cannot sleep at night and develops neurosis. Itchy spots of any color are a reason to go to the doctor immediately. In no case should you scratch these places, as the skin will surely become inflamed, because an infection will get into the micro-scratches.

Itchy spots can appear with mycoses, dermatitis, varicose veins and many other diseases. If the appearance of itching and spots cannot be explained by any objective reasons, if they do not pass long enough, and even grow, you should definitely undergo an examination.

However, sometimes the cause of itchy spots is very simple and not ominous - it can be excessive dry skin or allergies. You can cope with such a problem on your own by eliminating the source of the allergy and moisturizing the skin with cosmetic lotions or milk.
You can try chamomile or string baths. However, sometimes such self-medication only leads to a deterioration in well-being.

Spots on hands and feet

Skin is a mirror of human health. Red rashes can be the result of hives. This condition is the appearance of red blisters on the body, similar to the blisters that appear after contact with nettles. More often, urticaria appears on the chest. But it can cover the whole body, including legs and arms. This is a rather unpleasant ailment that needs to be identified and treated as soon as possible. If this is not done, the disease can lead to angioedema. Quincke's edema is edema of all mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, in a severe case and without urgent assistance may result in suffocation.

Spots in a child

There are even more causes of red spots on the legs and other parts of the body in young children than in adults. To those already listed above, mosquito bites are added ( in children, they cause a large red spot that may not go away for up to two weeks), problems with digestion, kidney or pancreas.

For a baby, spots may not cause any inconvenience, but may itch or bake. Very often, newborn babies develop toxic erythema. Another unpleasant disease of babies is pemphigus, in which spots are observed on the abdomen and thighs. A disease related to pemphigus is Ritter's disease... It has a more severe course. But the primary foci of this disease should be sought not on the legs, but on the baby's face.

Allergies are the most common cause of red spots on a child's body and limbs. The skin may not only turn red, but flake off. Usually, in babies, severe allergies are caused by food, but it is likely that the allergens are fabrics, dyes used in toys or bedding.

If the child eats only mother's milk, the mother should temporarily completely exclude all possible allergens from the diet ( citrus fruits, seafood and fish, eggs, chocolate, milk, red berries and fruits, and much more).

Blue spots

Blue spots or bruises on the legs sometimes appear for no reason. Nevertheless, the reason for this phenomenon necessarily exists.
Here are the options:

• a blood disorder affecting platelet count is the most serious cause that can cause bruising on the legs. It is imperative to find it, for this you should pass a general blood test and a coagulogram,
• the vessels are close to the surface of the skin,
• lack of certain vitamins ( vitamin C, rutin),
• diseases of the liver, heart or blood vessels,
• stress,
• unbalanced diet.

Stains after epilation

For many women, the use of an electric epilator causes the appearance of red spots on the legs, called pseudofolliculosis... Sometimes the cause of the appearance of red spots is hairs that grow back after epilation, but do not rush up, but get stuck between the layers of the skin. If such a hair is not found in time, a red spot appears, and later an abscess.

Then the woman takes a needle and picks out a hair, which intensifies the inflammatory process. Such minor inflammations provoke an increase in the production of melanin. Already pigmentation spots appear.

In order to prevent this from happening, you must first of all make sure that the hair does not grow in. For this, scrubs are used, which must be thoroughly treated at least once a week. They should be washed with a massage sponge and rubbed without regret. This procedure immediately "kills two birds with one stone": excess skin layers are removed, blood flow in the limbs improves. You can try using special products to reduce ingrown hairs.

To prevent red spots from appearing on the legs after epilation, you need to carefully sterilize the very surface of the legs and the epilator before the procedure.

Spots and diabetes

The appearance of spots in diabetes mellitus is called dermopathy and is a fairly common symptom of the disease. On the front surface of the legs, brown-red small spots up to a centimeter in diameter appear. Interestingly, they appear symmetrically on both legs. Gradually, they become larger and degenerate into atrophic dark spots. This symptom is more typical for the stronger sex, diabetes patients are already enough long time... This symptom develops against the background of a violation of the condition of the skin microcapillaries.

Diabetic xanthoma- These are yellow spots that appear on the inner surfaces of the knees, as well as the neck, chest and face. These spots are caused by increased blood cholesterol levels.

Diabetic bladder Are blisters that appear on the feet, as well as toes and hands. They appear suddenly, without any preliminary symptoms. This symptom is observed quite rarely. The spots go away by themselves in a month and a half. Their size can be different.

Annular granuloma Darier- This is a symptom more typical for men. On the legs, arms and body, rounded, swollen spots of pinkish color ( may be brighter) that grow, merge with each other and form patterns. At the edges, the spots are raised. The spots appear periodically and do not go away for a long time. The impetus for their appearance may be the intake of sulfonamides and allergies.

Vitiligo is also common in people with diabetes.

Vascular spots can be removed with a laser

Dilated vessels that form spots or stars are not uncommon. A healthy vessel should have an internal cross-section of approximately twenty microns in diameter. If its diameter is from one hundred microns and more, it is called telangiectasias. Translated from Latin, it means "expanded tip of the vessel."

The main reason for the appearance of vascular spots is heredity. And the impetus for their development are liver diseases, problems with blood coagulation, poor venous outflow. In many women, telangiectasias appear during pregnancy, while in others, their number increases significantly during this period. In elderly people, the venous outflow of blood worsens, therefore, vascular spots also appear.

There are also external phenomena that contribute to the appearance of vascular spots. These are injuries, abuse of ultraviolet light, frostbite, taking hormones or steroid drugs, radiation or deep peeling.

35 - 40% of the world's inhabitants have vascular spots, but more often they appear in the fair sex. The hormones estrogens are to blame for this, which reduce the tone of the vascular walls, helping to increase their lumen.

It is almost impossible to get rid of vascular spots on the legs with the help of medicines. A few years ago, this was done only with the help of electrocautery. But this method causes such unwanted side effects as an increase in skin pigmentation.

Today the most effective and safe method is a medical laser. The duration of the procedure is from five to fifteen minutes, it is completely harmless and comfortable for the patient. It takes four to five sessions on average to remove stains, sometimes less.

How to remove age spots?

Pigmented spots on the legs are not uncommon. Women should be aware that from the age of 26 - 27, almost any scratch or pimple can cause the appearance of a dark spot.

To remove old age spots from the skin of the legs, you should use masks of hydrogen peroxide and badyagi. You should take a dry badag ( it is sold in a pharmacy), as well as three percent hydrogen peroxide. Mix these two substances until the consistency of thick sour cream. Take a shower and treat the stained areas afterwards. It should be kept for a quarter of an hour, after which the feet should be thoroughly washed. During the procedure, the sensations will not be pleasant. Can pinch hard enough. This recipe should not be used by people with allergies.

Even after the mixture has already been removed, the discomfort will not go away for some time. The skin will turn red. If you do the mask every day for a week, the skin at the application sites will dry out and peel off like after a sunburn. To alleviate the condition of the skin, you can treat it cosmetic oil or milk. During this period, it is strictly forbidden to sunbathe! Since the skin is still very delicate and can burn.

Those who do not want to suffer so much should contact a beautician. With the help of a laser, pigment spots on the legs are burned out. In addition, diamond peeling is used. After removing stains recovery is underway up to 14 days. The procedure should not be postponed to the hot season. One procedure is enough to remove stains.

Which doctor should I go to for spots on my feet?

Since spots on the legs can appear for various reasons and be, accordingly, signs of various diseases, then it is necessary to contact doctors of different specialties when they occur. Consider which doctors should be consulted for spots on the legs of a different nature and with different accompanying symptoms. It should be remembered that the final decision on which doctor to go to depends on the nature of the spots and the accompanying symptoms, since they allow one to suspect the disease that provoked them and, accordingly, understand which doctor of which specialty is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

So, if the spots on the legs are of various sizes, red, pink, white, brown or yellowish, they may itch a lot, get wet, they have swelling and skin scales, and there are no generalized signs of infection (fever, headache, lethargy, cough, runny nose, etc.) and pain in the depths of the tissues in the area of ​​spots, this indicates a skin pathology (lichen, leprosy, eczema, dermatitis, fungal skin infection, toxicoderma, psoriasis, pemphigus, etc.). In such a situation, you should contact dermatologist-venereologist (sign up).

If the spots on the skin are small, turning into any other formations (vesicles, crusts, pustules, etc.), and at the same time there are general symptoms infectious disease(temperature, headache, lethargy, general malaise, etc.), then you should contact infectious disease doctor (sign up) or therapist (sign up) since similar clinical picture may indicate a childhood infection (eg, measles, rubella, etc.).

If the spots on the skin of the legs are of various sizes, severely edematous, itchy, possibly having the appearance of blisters, which appeared suddenly against the background of complete health, from time to time undergoing changes (increase in size, turn into blisters, nodules, etc.) and are absent any other symptoms, then this indicates an allergic reaction, and in this case it is necessary to contact allergist (sign up).

If the spots on the legs are small, not convex, do not merge with each other, do not itch and are very pale pink in color, so that they are very difficult to notice against the background of normal skin color, or white, then this may indicate syphilis. In this case, you must contact to a venereologist (sign up).

If large dark spots (chloasma) appear on the legs and other parts of the body, or, on the contrary, some areas of the skin become completely white (vitiligo, leukoderma) without pigment, then you should contact endocrinologist (sign up), since such spots can be a sign of malfunctioning of various organs of internal secretion (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, liver).

If a flat or raised bumpy or nodular mass appears on the leg, hot to the touch, painted in various colors of red - from pale pink to burgundy-bluish, and increasing in size over time, and sometimes bleeding - hemangioma is suspected. In this case, you must contact to a surgeon (sign up).

If red spots appear in combination with pain and heaviness in the legs, and possibly bulging veins, then it comes about varicose veins. In this case, you should contact phlebologist (sign up) or vascular surgeon (sign up).

If blue spots or bruises appear on the legs without a good and visible reason, then this indicates a pathology of the blood system (anemia, blood clotting disorder). In this case, you must contact doctor-hematologist (sign up).

If there are multiple small burgundy or red spots on the legs - point hemorrhages, or the skin on the legs is covered with a kind of burgundy-purple mesh, and the person is also worried about muscle and joint pain, rashes on other parts of the body and other vague symptoms from various organs , then you should refer to rheumatologist (sign up), since a similar picture indicates a systemic disease connective tissue and blood vessels (vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, etc.).

If there are spider veins on the legs or veins are strongly visible through the skin, and periodically or constantly there is heaviness and pain in the right hypochondrium, appetite is reduced, fatty foods are poorly tolerated, flatulence and bloating are tormented, then this may indicate liver disease. In this case, you should contact doctor-hepatologist (sign up) or gastroenterologist (sign up).

If spots on the feet appear in people suffering from diabetes mellitus, then you should contact an endocrinologist, who will examine the formation and determine the possible cause of the complication, after which, in turn, will refer you to another specialist for consultation.

If suddenly a single but rather large red spot appears on the leg, not increasing in size, painful in places, red at the edges and white or cyanotic in the center, combined with severe pain and coldness of the leg, then you should immediately call " Ambulance", as such a condition may be a sign of deep vein thrombosis, which requires urgent medical attention to save lives.

What tests and examinations can a doctor prescribe for spots on the legs?

Since spots on the legs are provoked by various diseases, the list of examinations prescribed when they appear in each case may be different. However, such lists can be conditionally combined into some typical ones, which are used by a doctor of each specialty to diagnose pathology that is within the scope of his professional interests. Below we will consider what tests and examinations a doctor of each specialty can prescribe to diagnose various pathologies, depending on a person's clinical symptoms, in addition to spots on the legs.

When spots of various sizes appear on the legs, red, pink, white, brown or yellowish in color, which can itch, get wet, they have swelling and skin scales, and there are no generalized signs of infection (fever, headache, lethargy, cough, runny nose, etc.) and pain in the depths of the tissues in the area of ​​spots, this indicates a skin pathology (lichen, leprosy, eczema, dermatitis, fungal skin infection, toxicoderma, psoriasis, pemphigus, etc.). In this case, the doctor prescribes and conducts the following tests and examinations:

• General blood test (sign up);
• General urine analysis ;
• Biochemical blood test (sign up);
• Blood test for syphilis (sign up);
• Blood test for the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood (sign up);
• Coagulogram (blood clotting) (sign up);
• Blood for the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation (RBTL);
• Feces on the eggs of the worm;
• Dermoscopy (examination of spots using a magnifying glass with 20x magnification);
• Vitropression (pressure on a stain with a watch glass, staple or glass slide);
• Scraping or smear - an imprint from the spots, followed by examination under a microscope;
• Bacteriological sowing of the separated stains on the medium;
• Allergic skin tests(sign up);
• Scraping of stains with inspection of the resulting defect;
• Inspection of stains under a Wood lamp;
• Transillumination (examination of spots in a darkened room under oblique rays of light);
• Detection of viruses in the contents of the bubbles by the method PCR (sign up) or Tzank's reaction;
• Blood culture for sterility.

First of all, the doctor prescribes a general analysis of blood and urine, feces for worm eggs, and also produces dermatoscopy (sign up), vitropression, examination under Wood's lamp, transillumination, after which he makes a presumptive clinical diagnosis. And then, depending on the diagnosis made during the initial examination, he may additionally prescribe any more studies from the above, if it is necessary for confirmation or clarification. Most often, an examination under a microscope of a smear-imprint or scraping, as well as skin tests with allergens, is additionally prescribed. Such a set of examinations makes it possible to make a diagnosis in the overwhelming majority of cases. But if the studies carried out were not enough, then the doctor can prescribe any analysis at his discretion, depending on the diagnosis he presumes.

When the spots on the legs are small, turning into any other formations (vesicles, crusts, pustules, etc.), and at the same time there are the same spots on other parts of the body and general symptoms of an infectious disease (fever, headache , lethargy, general malaise, etc.) - the doctor diagnoses an infection (measles, rubella, etc.) that affects the skin and blood vessels. In this case, usually no additional special studies are prescribed, since the diagnosis is carried out on the basis of characteristic symptoms. But to assess the general condition of the body, the doctor may prescribe a general analysis of blood and urine, as well as biochemical analysis blood and blood clotting analysis.

When the spots on the legs are of different sizes, itchy, edematous, localized also on other parts of the body, possibly in the form of blisters, appear suddenly against the background of complete health, change over time (increase in size, turn into blisters, nodules, etc.) ), and at the same time there are no other symptoms - an allergic nature of the skin lesion is suspected. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests:

• General blood analysis;
• Blood test for IgE concentration;
• Allergy skin tests by prick test or scarification;
• Analysis of hypersensitivity to various allergens by determining the concentration of specific IgE in the blood (for guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, rat, mouse, latex, orange, kiwi, mango, pineapple, banana, apple, peach, common ragweed, wormwood, Mary white, plantain, Russian thistle, sweet spikelet, perennial rye, timothy grass, cultivated rye, woolly bukharnik, house dust and house dust mites);
• The reaction of degranulation of basophils, blast transformation of lymphocytes, agglomeration of leukocytes (usually with suspicion of toxicoderma).

The doctor usually prescribes a general blood test and skin allergy tests to find out which substance the body is sensitive to. These tests are sufficient for diagnosis in the vast majority of cases, therefore they are the most common and widely used. However, if the doctor suspects that the body's reaction to skin allergy tests (sign up) turns out to be too strong, and this will worsen the condition, then detection of sensitivity to various allergens is prescribed either by measuring the concentration of specific IgE in the blood, or by the results of the basophil degranulation reaction, lymphocyte blast transformation, and leukocyte agglomeration.

When on the legs and possibly other parts of the body there are small, not bulging spots, not merging with each other, not itchy, painted either white or pale pink color, so that they are very difficult to notice against the background of the usual color of the skin - the doctor suspects syphilis and prescribes a blood test for the pathogens of this infection. In this case, the causative agent of syphilis (pale treponema) is determined in the patient's blood by several methods.

When there are large dark spots (chloasma) on the legs and other parts of the body, or, on the contrary, some areas of the skin become completely white (vitiligo, leukoderma) without pigment, this indicates a malfunction of the internal secretion organs (thyroid gland, adrenal glands) and liver ... In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:
sign up);

Determination of the level of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the blood;

Determination of the presence of antibodies to thyroperoxidase in the blood (sign up);

Liver ultrasound (sign up), thyroid gland (sign up), adrenal glands (sign up);

Tomography of the liver, thyroid and adrenal glands.

Usually, almost all of the above studies are prescribed at once, since it is necessary to establish any existing abnormalities in the work of the liver, adrenal glands and thyroid gland.

When the leg has a flat or raised bumpy or nodular mass on the leg, hot to the touch, painted in various colors of red - from pale pink to burgundy-bluish, and sometimes bleeding - hemangioma is diagnosed. In this case, the doctor necessarily prescribes a blood clotting test and counting the number of platelets in order to differentiate the disease with Kazabach-Merritt syndrome. To determine the depth of tumor growth and the degree of damage to the underlying structures, an ultrasound of the hemangioma is performed, and to assess the blood supply to the tumor, angiography (sign up)... However, with a hemangioma, only a blood clotting test with counting the number of platelets can be prescribed, since these tests are quite enough to distinguish a tumor from a similar pathology, and the diagnosis itself is made on the basis of an examination. A Ultrasound (sign up) and angiography may not be prescribed.

When red spots appear on one or both legs, combined with heaviness and pain in the legs, and possibly bulging veins, a diagnosis of varicose veins is made. In principle, no tests and examinations may be prescribed, since the diagnosis is obvious on the basis of external, visible symptoms. However, to assess blood flow in the affected vessels, the doctor may prescribe duplex angioscanning, Doppler ultrasound, or rheovasography (sign up)... These examinations are necessary to assess the severity of varicose veins and to predict complications.

When blue spots or bruises often form on the skin without a good and visible reason, a disease of the blood system (anemia, blood clotting disorder) is suspected. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Complete blood count with platelet count and leukoformula (sign up);
• Analysis to determine the morphology of platelets;
• Blood clotting test (coagulogram);
• Bone marrow puncture (sign up) preparation of smears and counting of hematopoietic stem cells;
• Analysis for antibodies to platelets in the blood;
• Spleen ultrasound (sign up), liver and other organs;
• Tomography of the abdominal organs.

Usually, if there is a suspicion of a disease of the blood system, all of the above tests are prescribed immediately and simultaneously, since they are necessary both for diagnosis and to determine the severity of the pathological process.

When multiple small burgundy or red spots appear on the legs - punctate hemorrhages, or the skin is covered with a kind of burgundy-purple mesh, pains in muscles and joints, rashes on other parts of the body and various symptoms from any other organs are also disturbed, the doctor suspects systemic connective tissue and vascular disease (vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and prescribes the following tests:

• General blood analysis;
• Blood clotting analysis;
• Analysis of the number of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the blood;
• Blood chemistry;
• Rheumatoid factor in the blood (sign up);
• Determination of the amount of immunoglobulins in the blood;
• C-reactive protein;
• Antikeratin antibodies in the blood;
• Antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA-AT);
• Antibodies to histone proteins;
• Analysis for LE-cells in the blood;
• Antibodies to phospholipids (lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to cardiolipin (sign up), positive Wasserman reaction (sign up) with a confirmed absence of syphilis);
• Antibodies to coagulation factors VIII, IX and XII;
• Analysis for antinuclear factor (ANF) in the blood;
• Skin biopsy;
• Vascular ultrasound (sign up) and internal organs (hearts (sign up), kidney (sign up), liver, etc.);
• Doppler ultrasonography of blood vessels (sign up);
• Duplex angioscanning of blood vessels;
• ECG (sign up).

Usually, if vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus are suspected, all of the above tests are prescribed, since they are necessary for an accurate diagnosis. After all, these diseases do not have clear and 100% informative indicators, so you have to perform several analyzes and examinations to make sure that systemic disease connective tissue or blood vessels.

When spider veins or translucent veins are visible on the legs, periodically or constantly there is heaviness and pain in the right hypochondrium, appetite is reduced, fatty foods are poorly tolerated, flatulence and bloating are tormented - liver disease is suspected, and the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis;
• The number of platelets in the blood;
• Blood test for hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses (sign up);
• A blood test for the level of immunoglobulins;
• Blood clotting analysis (coagulogram);
• Biochemical blood test (total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, AST and ALT activity, alkaline phosphatase);
• Ultrasound of the liver;
• Tomography (computer or magnetic resonance (sign up));
• Liver biopsy (sign up).

First of all, it is mandatory to appoint general analyzes blood and urine, biochemical blood test, coagulogram, platelet count in the blood, blood test for hepatitis A, B, C and D. Further for a visual assessment of the liver, depending on technical capabilities medical institution, the doctor prescribes either an ultrasound or tomography. The most informative is magnetic resonance imaging, but since this method cannot be widely used due to its high cost, most often doctors resort to the usual, but a wave of diagnostically valuable ultrasound.

From time to time, red spots appear on the legs of each person. There are many reasons for the appearance of such spots. It is important to notice the rash in a timely manner and consult a specialist for help.

Only a doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis, name the cause of the formation and what method to carry out the cure.

A flawless epidermis is a huge diva. The appearance of a skin rash is not considered a pathology. But some types of exanthema can talk about the development of some kind of ailment. Also rashes may indicate infection, an allergic reaction, or other ailments.

In general, spots are areas that differ from the nearby dermis in color. Such rashes are usually smooth to the touch, but there are times when they are a little rough. Such changes in the skin can be divided into 3 main groups:

1. Vascular... Usually they have a pink tint or reddish. This is predetermined by the structure of the blood capillaries.
2. Pigment... Such rashes are brownish or white in color. Formed due to a lack of melanin.
3. Unnatural origin. This type is the result of the introduction of a dye under the skin.

Deprived

Lichen is the most common skin disease... It is accompanied by typical dermal changes. Usually occur due to a weakened immune system ... There are different types of shingles that lead to rashes:

• Zhibera pink lichen - pinkish rashes or clearly defined red zones that can cause epidermis itching and peeling;
• lichen planus is a lilac rash that occurs not only on the integument, but also on the mucous membrane;
• shingles - reddish, inflamed areas that are covered with blisters;
• pityrious appearance - pale rashes that can flake off;
• ringworm - patches that itch and itch a lot and cause hair loss at the site of occurrence.

Red

Absolutely every person has encountered such a problem. Such rashes can be triggered by a number of reasons.... If the ailment is accompanied by a rise in temperature, exfoliation, swelling, headaches, itching, burning and other visible signs, then you need immediate help from a specialist.

Light

The appearance of spots that are a little lighter than the entire cover is very worrying. Usually such defects are the result of scarring of wounds and abrasions. But in some cases, they can have quite serious underlying causes.

Pigment

This type of stain can have a variety of shades. Such spots are:

• Hyperpigmented. Formed with a strong increase in pigmentation.
• Hypopigmented. They appear due to a decrease in melanin. This type can be associated with the progression of various diseases.

If a red spot appears on the leg, the photo can be compared to a guide to determine the root cause.

Reasons for the appearance of spots on different parts of the body

Many people have a question about why red spots appear on the legs. Red spots can appear for a variety of reasons. Large red spots on the legs can occur due to the development of athlete's foot. This is a fungus, which is accompanied by itching and exfoliation of the epidermis.

Vasculitis- This is a disease of a rheumatoid nature, the consequence of which is a stain on the leg. A red spot is accompanied by joint pain and itching.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by red spots on the calves of the legs. During the course of this disease, the walls of the vessels are damaged. If you do not take timely treatment, then the spots will turn brown.

With varicose veins, vascular spots appear on the legs, a photo of which can be seen below. If you do not attach importance to treatment, then trophic changes will begin to form.... At the same time, the legs itch and red spots appear. Photos allow you to determine the disease to start a timely cure.

Red spots may appear on the feet and this indicates the development of other ailments. Such rashes are not dangerous, but spoil the aesthetic appearance.

Small red dots on the legs below the knees may appear due to unsuccessful epilation or freezing. But there are exceptions when they indicate the progression of serious diseases. Such rashes may indicate:

• the initial stage of diabetes mellitus;
• atopic dermatitis;
• psoriasis;
• mycosis;
• pink lichen.

If treated incorrectly, these points will begin to turn into large, red rashes. In addition, improperly selected medications will cause skin infection.

What to do if stains appear?

If red spots appear on the legs, the reasons for which are varied, then the first thing to do is visit a therapist. To treat such spots, an ointment for red spots on the legs is used. If the appearance of rashes is accompanied by headaches, fever, then immediate help from a dermatologist is needed.

Important! Any rash that appears in children requires urgent examination by a specialist. In a severe case, a hospital will be required.

To identify the root causes of the formation of rashes, you need:

• take blood and urine tests;
• blood glucose;
• Ultrasound of the vessels of the legs;
• bacterial culture from infected areas;
• blood biochemistry.

Conclusion

Only a specialist will be able to conduct a thorough examination, diagnose an ailment, make a diagnosis and prescribe necessary treatment... You do not need to self-medicate, as you can harm your health and aggravate the whole situation. In case of untimely healing, the disease can begin to progress and develop into a more severe form. In this case, the internal organs will also begin to be affected.

A red rash on the legs may indicate the development of a number of diseases. Therefore, they are not always as harmless as they seem. If you experience any symptoms, you should seek the help of a specialist.