Alkaline phosphatase 1200. Alkaline phosphatase - normal level in biochemical blood test in children and adults

Content

Even a healthy person, doctors recommend annually to test analysis on biochemistry. Among the important indicators that will be in decoding the results, it is worth paying attention to the Alp level. Specialists call it key to assess the health of the hepatobiliary system, bones and liver. Biochemical analysis of the blood of a pregnant woman or child can often show an increase in the indicator ALP (alkaline phosphatase) - this is a physiological norm.

What is alkaline phosphatase

This term designate a whole group of isoenzymes, which are contained in almost all human tissues, with the greatest concentration in the liver, biliary tract, bone tissue and placenta. Phosphatase, creating an alkaline medium, cleaves phosphoric acid on salts (phosphates) with the release of phosphorus capable of penetrating through the cell membrane. When the cells containing the enzyme are destroyed, it enters the blood. Since the cells are updated continuously, a certain level of enzyme concentration is always.

What shows alkaline phosphatase in the blood

The activity of the CFF is associated with the processes in the liver, biliary ducts, the small intestine. Analysis on the level of the enzyme is very important in the diagnosis of liver pathologies, blockage of biliary stones with gallbladder stones and pancreatic tumors, primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis. The increased activity of bone cells also affects the level of phosphatase in the blood, which is important in the diagnosis of primary or secondary bone tumors.

High

The increased activity of the SCF (other medical abbreviations - ALP, ALKP) during pregnancy is considered the norm, and in other cases, as a rule, indicates liver diseases or pathological processes in the bones. Under such conditions, some adjacent indicators become important for diagnostics. Thus, a parallel increasing levels of bilirubin, aspartataminotransferase (AST), Alaninotransferase (ALT) most likely, will most likely indicate damage to the liver. Changes in levels of minerals - calcium and phosphorus - will show the pathology of bone tissue.

Low

The reduced level of the enzyme SCF is much less common than elevated. This result can give the reception of oral contraceptives, blood transfusion, a lack of magnesium and zinc. In addition, the low level of bone isoenzyme is the main indicator of hypophosphate, a rare genetic disease characterized by a disruption of bone formation. If the disease manifests itself in children (juvenile form), it is characterized by frequent fractures, rickets, dental loss.

Analysis

The level of ALP is determined on the blood serum, more often during biochemical analysis, sometimes separately. Blood fence is carried out from veins, the study is conducted on an empty stomach. Indications for analysis may be a patient's complaints for fatigue, weakness, a decrease in appetite, vomiting or nausea, darkening of urine and casing, the soreness of the right hypochondrium, the yellowing of the skin and the scler. Doctors of different profiles are directed to the study: therapists, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, urologists, infectiousnessists, hematologists.

Alkaline phosphatase rate

A normal level of paragraphs in the blood is considered to be an interval from 20 to 140 IU / l. This averaged value that changes greatly depending on the floor and age of a person. The highest rates are celebrated in children and adolescents during active growth, since they have a constant division of bone tissue. In addition, doctors identify about 200 drugs, which can change the activity of the hepatic isoenzyme and reflect on the analysis data (as a rule, towards the increase).

In men

Alp indicators for men are shown below (in young people under 30 years old, the results can be a little more of the upper limit of the norm, doctors do not belong to pathologies):

Among women

The anomalous level of the SFF, which is not related to the disease, in women can be observed during the third trimester of pregnancy (the reason is a placental isoenzyme-released in the blood), during breastfeeding, due to excessive physical exertion. In other cases, it is assumed to be the following alkaline phosphatase in the blood in women:

In children

The most active growth periods come on the first year of life and transitional age. This is reflected on the results of the tests, an increase in alkaline phosphatase in children coincides with these periods.

The norm of the Chief in the blood in children:

Causes of increasing alkaline phosphatase in the blood

High Alp itself is not a diagnosis, additional research is needed.because the indicator may increase due to the many reasons, among them:

• Hepatitis of any origin (norms are increased up to 3 times).
• Infectious mononucleosis, especially the first week of illness.
• Cirrhosis of the liver is a disease in which the liver cloth is replaced by a connecting, which negatively affects its functions. The SFF in biochemical blood test will also grow under cirrhosis of any etiology, autoimmune or alcoholic.
• Liver cancer or metastases in the area of \u200b\u200bthis organ.
• Tumors of the pancreas or stomach, reaching the area of \u200b\u200bbile ducts. The blockage of biliary tract is called cholestasis.
• Primary kidney cancer.
• Stones in the bustling bubble.
• Pedge's disease (norms exceeded up to 15-20 times) - a rare disease characterized by pathological growth of bones.
• Osteosarcoma or bone metastases of other tumors.
• Osteomalacia - pathological lack of calcium, causing softening of bones.
• Myocardial infarction.
• Hyperparathyroidism - the disease of the thyroid gland, in which calcium is washed out of the bones.
• Ulcerative colitis, as the CFF is contained in the intestinal cells.

Causes of decrease in alkaline phosphatase

During pregnancy, the decrease in the activity of the SCF is considered an alarming symptom, since may signal placental insufficiency.There are other reasons for lowering the indicator:

• Hypoteriosis is the insufficiency of the function of the thyroid gland.
• Heavy anemia.
• Condition after massive blood transfusion.
• Hypophosphate - a rare congenital disease that affects the genesis of bones.
• Lack of magnesium and zinc.

How to reduce alkaline phosphatase in the blood

There are a number of states in which high AlkP in biochemical analysis of blood is not a reason for concern. For example, if there is a pregnancy or fracture fracture. In other cases, increasing the probe in the blood - the reason to continue the examination from the doctor, and not to search for a universal recipe. It is necessary to figure out which pathology causes an increase in ALP, and to treat this disease. Attempts to diagnose independently and prescribe treatment can be dangerous, lead to a deterioration or transition of the disease to a more serious stage.

Video

Found in the text error?
Highlight it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!

Medicinal preparations that cause an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity

It is reported a wide variety of drugs, leading to an increase in serum sector (Table 162).

Table 162. Medicinal preparations that cause an increase in alkaline phosphatase level

Some drugs have a "mixed" effect. In individual cases, the specific effect of a certain drug is not always noted.

Diseases under which an increase in the activity of the SCF is listed in Table. 163.

Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

By tradition, functional liver tests are divided into indicating either hepatocellular pathology, or to the "cholestatic" process. The first also refers to the indicators of the "unstructive" process. It indicates an increase in the levels of humotransferase and non-conjugated bilirubin at a normal or slightly elevated level of the SFF. Indicators of obstructive or cholestatic process are normal levels of aminotransferase and elevated levels of SFF, GTR and conjugated bilirubin.

Complete obstruction of biliary tract leads to an increase in the level of the SCF to 3-10 x GRP. The most common cause is the blockage of a common bile duct with a stone; Less than widespread reasons include pancreatic tumors, biliary ducts or gallbladder, primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver, acute pancreatitis and chronic recurrent pancreatitis. With complete obstruction, a bilirubin level is usually observed.

The incomplete obstruction of the biliary tract leads to an increase in the level of the SFF at a normal concentration of bilirubin, since under the conditions of obstruction, hepatocytes produce an increased amount of paradise, which falls into the bloodstream, and the exchange of bilirubin is carried out by an unaffected part of the liver, so its serum level does not increase. Incomplete obstruction can be caused by a hepatic duct stone or damage to the pathological process of a part of the hepatic tissue, for example, with primary liver tumor, metastasising the tumor into the liver or abscess.

Improving the level of the SFF may be due to some infectious diseases. With viral hepatitis, it usually rises to 2-3 x VRP. A significant increase equal to an increase in the level of serum aminotransferase is uncharacteristic. Infectious mononucleosis, if there is a liver damage, usually leads to an increase in the level of the SCF; The level of bilirubin at the same disease remains normal. In addition, the increase in the level of the SFF can cause cytomegalovirus infection.

Liver diseases such as sarcoidosis and amyloidosis can lead to an increase in the level of the ICF. If these processes do not capture the liver, the level of the SCF remains normal.

In the majority of patients receiving even large doses of alcohol, has a slight effect on the level of the SFF. In cases of acute alcohol hepatitis, an increase in the increase in the activity of the enzyme to 3 x GRP may be observed. In most patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, the level of the SCF is normal. Even in the terminal stage of the cirrhosis and in the hepatic coma state, an increase in the level of the SCF is observed only to 2-3 x GRP. In addition to alcohol, an increase in the activity of the SCF is caused by a number of drugs and hepatotoxic substances (see Table 162).

In patients with gall-eyed disease without the obstruction of the biliary tract, the activity of the paragraph is normal. Also in cases of acute and chronic cholecystitis, the levels of the SCF remain normally until biliary obstruction occurs.

Pathology skeleton

The level of serum alkaline phosphatase increases in pathological processes occurring with an increase in osteoblastic activity, i.e. When forming a new bone tissue. The prototype in which the osteoblastic activity increases is the disease of the PEDGET; In 90% of patients with this disease, elevated levels of SCF are noted.

In the disease of the PEDGET, the activity of the SFF increases in parallel with the enhancement of excretion with urine hydroxyproline and radiographic signs of the disease. In some persons, the level of the SFF may be normal, but most patients with the active process increases to 3-20 x GRP.

Another disease occurring with an increase in the level of SCF is osteomalacia. The disease is due to insufficient calcification of bones and leads to the formation of a non-compliant osteoid. For incomprehensible reasons, osteomalacia is accompanied by an increase in osteoblastic activity and, therefore, an increase in the activity of the CFF. Osteomalaology is observed in special clinical situations, for example, in the exhaustion of phosphorus reserves as a result of the abuse of the having antacid properties of aluminum hydroxide, after gastrectomy, long-term use of anticonvulsant drugs, with renal failure and deficiency of vitamin D. In some patients with osteomalysis, the level of the SCF is increased, but And observe.

Thus, this study is not quite informative to assess the osteomalysis in patients with already existing risk factors for this disease. It is important to note that patients with osteoporosis have normal or slightly elevated levels of SFF.

Primary hyperparathyroidism can be raised to increase the level of the SFF, but most of the patients are within normal values. Patients with an increase in the level of the SFF also detected x-ray signs of parathyroid osteopathy.

Benctable bone tumors, such as chondrom and osteoma, proceed with the preservation of normal values \u200b\u200bof the SFF activity. Improving the level of the CFF is observed in some patients with osteogenic sarcoma, and this subgroup has a less favorable forecast than a subgroup with the normal activity of the SFF. Malignant tumors with metastasis in bones can lead to a certain increase in the activity of the SFF, however, this test is significantly less sensitive than the scanning of bones in order to detect metastases.

Bone fractures sometimes lead to a minimal and transient increase in the level of SFF.

Other diseases

Stagnant heart failure. From 10 to 46% of patients with stagnant heart failure have elevated levels of SFF. It is believed that this increase, rarely exceeding 2 x GRP, is due to the passive stagnation of blood in the liver.

Mammary cancer. An increase in the activity of the SFF in patients with breast cancer is most likely due to metastases in the liver and bone. In rare cases, the cells of the cancer tumor themselves can produce the IP immenters, which can be distinguished from conventional IP implements with electrophoresis.

Lymphoma and leukemia. There are reports of increasing the level of the SFF under these diseases. The reason may be infiltration of liver and bone tumor cells.

Lung cancer. Most patients with lung cancer have normal levels of SFF. The increase in all likelihood is due to metastases in the liver or bone.

Hypernefrome. Patients with a tumor kidney can have an increased activity of the SFF, which is considered to be associated with the ectopic products of the PCF cells of the tumor.

Renal failure. In the majority of patients in the terminal stage of renal failure, the levels of the SCF are within the normal range. The increase is usually a sign of azotemic osteodistrophia.

Prostate cancer. The percentage of prostate cancer patients and metastases in the bones, having elevated levels of SFF, high. When metastasis, the level of the SFF can increase earlier than acid phosphatases.

Hyperthyroidism. The activity of the SCF is increased in 30% of patients with hyperthyroidism. This increase is due to the bone isoenzyme of the SFF.

Diabetes. Some studies discovered a small increase in the activity of the SCF with diabetes, which is probably due to the lesion of the liver associated with diabetes.

Alkaline phosphatase is an indicator that often appears in a complex biochemical blood test. This enzyme is responsible for the functions of many organs, primarily liver and the bone-articular system. It received its name for the fact that the most active in an alkaline medium, where the pH is from 8 to 10. The normal concentrations of this substance are in a rather large range, therefore, clinical significance is acquired only significant deviations. To properly interpret this analysis, it is necessary to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe function of the enzyme and its norms by age.

Why do I need alkaline phosphatase?

Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme from the hydrolylase group. Under its influence in the body, the reaction of dephosphorylation - the cleavage of phosphates from bioorganic compounds at the molecular level. Localization distinguish several types of phosphatas:

• intestinal;
• hepatic;
• placental;
• bone;
• renal.

In laboratories, the general level of alkaline phosphatases of the body is determined, which reflect the functions of hepatic and bone tissue. The enzyme transfers phosphorus between molecules and cell membranes, and therefore participates in the regulation of phosphorous calcium exchange along with pararathgamon and calcitonin.

Alkaline phosphatase is synthesized in osteoblasts - structural units of bones, as well as in hepatocytes - cells forming a strass of the liver. When the activity of these cells increases, or when they are destroyed, the development of the enzyme increases and its concentration in the blood increases.

Regulation of phosphorous calcium exchange. Alkaline phosphatase works in all bodies

Dominant enzyme production site - liver. After the synthesis of its cells of this organ, the enzyme together with bile enters the intrahepatic ducts, along which it follows the liver into the overall bull duct flowing into the duodenum.

If there is an obstacle to the outflow of bile, alkaline phosphatase increases simultaneously with other bile components synthesized in the liver, for example, cholesterol. This condition is called cholestaste, with it, alkaline phosphatase in the blood will always be increased.

In second place in importance - alkaline phosphatase of bones. She plays a role in updating bones and their regeneration. If the bones grow or grow after fractures, the activity of alkaline phosphatase increases and this is the norm.

Normal values \u200b\u200bof the enzyme in the blood

Alkaline phosphatase fluctuations in blood is a normal phenomenon. B depending on the laboratory, the values \u200b\u200bof the enzyme can be in the range from 43 to 148 IU / L (international units per liter). The results of the analysis may be higher, and it will be the norm.

The level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood depends on the age of a person and gender. In women during pregnancy, the enzyme is sometimes somewhat higher averaged values, but it will be within the normal range. In children, the figures are more often higher than adults. Such changes are explained by the peculiarities of hormonal and other life systems at a certain interval of life.

Results depend on the reagent used in the laboratory: a standardized universal method for determining alkaline phosphatase does not exist. The table shows the averaged values \u200b\u200bof the norm of alkaline phosphatase by age and the floor.

To obtain reliable results, proper preparing for research is needed:

• 12 hours before the study, do not eat food and do not drink water;
• 2 hours before the study, eliminate physical exertion and stress;
• do not smoke an hour before the survey.

Causes of increasing alkaline phosphatase

If the patient has such complaints such as fatigue, decline in appetite, discomfort or pain syndrome in the right hypochondrium, pain in the bones or nausea, then the level of alkaline phosphatase should be determined - it is often raised in these situations. The most indicative result will be for the diagnosis of diseases of bones and liver.

The identification of high enzyme values \u200b\u200boccurs in the absence of any symptoms, for example, with a planned medical examination or during preparation for surgical operations. To clarify the activity in this case, the analysis of the second time can be passed, the repeated high result shows that there is a deviation.

Increased alkaline phosphatase is estimated comprehensive: if other hepatic enzymes (AST and ALT) increase with it, then this indicates the diseases of the liver and gallbladder, if, together with the enzyme, the calcium and phosphorus values \u200b\u200bare deviated from the norm, then the bones and parachitoid gland must be examined .

4 major groups of states can be distinguished, capable of increasing alkaline phosphatases:

1. 1. Changes in the system of liver, biliary tract and pancreas. Pathologists include mechanical jaundice with gallbladder stones or with pancreatic head cancer or stomach, cancer and cirrhosis, hepatitis viral and autoimmune. Infectious mononucleosis, leading to an increase in the liver, also helps to increase the enzyme.
2. 2. Diseases of bones and parachitoid glands.These diseases include any damage to parachite gland with changes in calcium and phosphorus exchange, osteomalysis, rickets, myeloma disease. It is less likely to occur PEDGET, in which the bone structure is disturbed. Metastases of any cancer in the bone can also be caused.
3. 3. Other causes associated with diseases. Myocardial infarction, ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, hematological diseases - they can all lead to an increase in alkaline phosphatase, but rarely quite. It is impossible to rely on the diagnosis of these diseases only to increase this enzyme.
4. 4. Absorbable states.These include pregnancy, children's and adolescence, when an increase in alkaline phosphatase is physiological. The reception of certain drugs - antibiotics, combined oral contraceptives and some others affects the level of the enzyme. After the end of treatment with these drugs, the level of the enzyme is normalized.

Causes of decline in the indicator

It is much less likely to reduce alkaline phosphatase. This can be evidence of dangerous diseases, so be a sign of minor abnormalities from the norm, so it is impossible to neglect a visit to the doctor. The decline in the enzyme is found in the following states:

• hemotransfusion in a large volume, large blood loss;
• the pituitary gland and its diseases;
• severe anemia with hemoglobin below 90 g / l;
• magnesium and zinc deficiency;
• hypophosphate - congenital deficiency of alkaline phosphatase, which is clinically manifested by the softening of bone and dental fabric;
• placental insufficiency in pregnant women.

Deformation of the skeleton bones for hypophosphate

Treatment

For a qualitative assessment of changes in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase of blood to any doctor, some additional methods of examination are needed. It:

• general and detailed biochemical blood test;
• general urine analysis;
• ultrasound examination of the liver and biliary tract;
• x-ray and joints, if they have complaints from their part.

Only after that the doctor will be able to assign adequate treatment.

Treatment of increasing alkaline phosphatase is carried out in accordance with the detected pathology. If the liver suffers, hepatoprotective and detoxification therapy is prescribed, supported by choleretic means. Preparations that are used in treatment is:

1. 1. Heptral.
2. 2. Esssential Forte.
3. 3. Hofitol.
4. 4. Hepamertz.
5. 5. Alphanormix.
6. 6. Ursodeoxycholic acid.
7. 7. Trimedat.

The listed drugs are included in different pharmacological groups, only the doctor is engaged in the selection of dosage, their independent use is unacceptable. Folk remedies (decoctions and championships of choleretic herbs - immortals, wormwood, pyrms, dandelion) are justified only when they reinforce the main drug therapy. With complex treatment, it is possible to reduce alkaline phosphatase.

If problems with bones are revealed, the treatment is prescribed a traumatologist or rheumatologist. Typically used drugs that stimulate the growth of bone tissue and vitamin D3. In identifying hematological disorders, the patient is sent to the hematologist. Treatment of hematologist Specific, drugs in the pharmacy network are not sold, folk treatment methods are only harmful to health.

Thus, when an increased alkaline phosphatase is detected, a thorough additional examination is necessary for setting the correct diagnosis and conducting correct treatment.

Doctors often prescribe certain biochemical blood tests, but if most of them had to hear at least once about them, then an alkaline phosphatase analysis almost always cares. What is it and why is it investigating? Why is the alkaline phosphatase in the blood?

What is alkaline phosphatase?

This is an enzyme that cleans phosphate from organic matter molecule. It is especially active in an alkaline environment - its name is connected with this. In a small number of SFF is located in the whole body. Most of this enzyme in the liver, bone tissue and placenta.

A small amount of enzyme in the blood is considered the norm, since the cells have a property being continuously updated. But if they die in large quantities, then in the analysis it is found that alkaline phosphatase in the blood is increased. The reasons for this phenomenon are diverse. If the indicators differ significantly from the norm, then you can suspect the pathology of bones, intestines, liver or malignant process in the body.

The norms of this enzyme depend on the age and gender of the person. Children in the norm of the SCF are more than adults, and in women lower than men. On average, normal levels of phosvatase in the blood range from 20 to 140 international units per liter.

When is an alkaline phosphatase analysis assign?

Analysis on the SCF can be included in the list of mandatory research by some categories of workers who have contact with harmful substances, and with preventive inspections. Analysis on alkaline phosphatase can be assigned in preparation for surgical intervention. It is also determined to evaluate the work of the liver or diagnosis of jaundice.

This study can clarify the situation in abdominal pain, in the right hypochondrium, itching of the skin, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, bone lesions. With these pathological processes, alkaline phosphatase is increased.

The effect of negative factors on alkaline phosphatase

There are factors that may affect the result of the analysis, that is, it will indicate pathology, but it really can not be in the body. So circumstances leading to a false positive result can be attributed:

• the period of fractures;
• pregnancy;
• the time of active growth of bones;
• some medicinal substances affecting the activity of the enzyme: "paracetamol", antibiotics, acetylsalicylic acid;

Increased alkaline phosphatase in errors in the pre-analytic stage, for example, if the blood was cooled. When taking hormonal contraceptives, the indicator may decrease.

Why increased alkaline phosphatase?

The results of the analyzes are sometimes discouraged. Not always a person is ready to accept what he has some health problems. Improved alkaline phosphatase in the blood - what does this mean? Most often, this indicates the pathology of the liver or biliary tract. The reasons include a mechanical jaundice, which is associated with a violation of the bright ways. If an alkaline phosphatase is increased, this may indicate the stones in the bustling bubble, as well as scars of the biliary tract after operations. The high level of the enzyme sometimes speaks of cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis, or malignant in the stomach.

Alkaline phosphatase with liver cancer and metastasis in it are strongly increased. Among the infectious diseases in which the enzyme rate increases, the infectious mononucleosis can be noted.

Increased alkaline phosphatase and with bone damage. There is an increase in the level of this indicator in hyperparathyroidism, myocardial infarction, intestinal perforations, ulcerative colitis.

Enhance the enzyme contained in bone tissue

Why is it increased alkaline phosphatase in bone tissue? The fact is that in the bone tissue of this enzyme contains quite a lot, so it reacts to any changes in the bones. Bone SCF is distinguished by osteoblasts, which are large cells with one nucleus. They are located directly on the surface of bone tissue, namely in these places and its intensive formation occurs. Most of all, the SFF is increased in the disease of the PEDGET, which is characterized by excessive growth of bone tissue and violation of its structure itself.

If osteosarcoma is developing or metastases in the bones appear, then the SFF also rises. With an insufficient number of calcium in the body of the bone, they begin to soften. The enzyme reacts sensitive to this process, which is also called osteomation, in connection with this, its level in the blood increases.

Bone Schf rises during the growth and sharpness of the bones, so in children and adolescents it is significantly higher than that of more mature patients. It is raised during fractures.

Why increases liver alkaline phosphatase?

Alkaline phosphatase in large quantities is in the liver, so any changes in its work are reflected in the serum enzyme indicators. It begins to be released from hepatocytes in large quantities, which is reflected in the picture of the blood, including in the analysis to the SFF. Quite often, the enzyme enhancement indicates the damage to hepatic cells or violation of the functions of the liver itself.

Reduced alkaline phosphatase

SHF is not only increased, but also the level of this substance can be significantly reduced. This is also connected with any diseases.

One of such diseases is hypophosphatesemia. This is hereditary pathology, which lies in the fact that phosphatase is constantly excreted by urine. The enhanced liberation of the body from this substance leads to its acute disadvantage.

Hypothyroidism is another disease at which the level of the ICF is reduced. With a decrease in the activity of the thyroid gland, due to the lack of some trace elements, phosphatase production also undergoes changes that then affect human health.

The lack of vitamin B12, C, zinc or folic acid can also lead to a decrease in the SFF. Such a disease is called pernicious anemia. Sometimes this substance can decrease with a lack of growth hormone in children.

Specialists pay special attention to the state of the placenta during the ripening of the fetus. If alkaline phosphatase in the blood of a pregnant woman is lowered, this indicates that the placenta is developing defective. It is a vital organ for the health of the child, so you need to follow the indicators of this substance in future moms.

Reduced and increased alkaline phosphatase in the blood: what does this mean? We have already decided and learned what consequences of the oscillation of this substance can be. Be healthy!

One of the main indicators of biochemical analysis of blood is alkaline phosphatase (SHF). The enzyme is actively involved in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium, reflects the work of the liver, the biliary system and the musculoskeletal system. The deviation of the sector marker from permissible values \u200b\u200ballows specialists to identify asymptomatic or low-rise diseases.

With the help of the enzyme revealed low-voltage diseases

Alkaline phosphatase - what is it?

The SCF is a specific enzyme having several isoforms (depending on its localization). The greatest concentration of the isophered is observed in the liver, biliary ducts, the intestinal mucosa and bone tissue (responsible for the growth of bones). In pregnant women, the maximum amount of phosphatase is concentrated in the placenta.

Alkaline phosphatase (eng. Alp Reduction) is responsible for disconnecting phosphate from the substances with which it enters the body and its distribution in all cells of the internal organs. The greatest activity of the enzyme is observed in an alkaline medium (pH from 8.62 to 10.2), hence the name of the marker, it is also called acid phosphatase.

The marker has a large diagnostic value. It is in the top five of the main liver samples and acts as an indicator of calcium-phosphorus exchange. The level of the SCF shows, in what state is the liver, biliary canals and bone cells. Often, with the help of the enzyme check the presence of malignant pathologies in the body.

Preparation for analysis

To analyze the ALP to show reliable information, it is important to adhere to the main recommendations of the specialist:

1. You need to donate blood on an empty stomach. 7-12 hours before the procedure, you need to abandon food and any drinks. It is possible to drink water on the eve of the analysis, but in small quantities.
2. During the day before the analysis, limit the use of harmful meals (smoked, fried and fatty dishes, sharp sauces and spices).
3. Eliminate stress and emotional overvoltage. The day before the delivery is worth sleeping well.
4. Limit excessive physical exertion.
5. Do not smoke 30-40 minutes before the blood fence.

Before the procedure you can drink only in water in a small amount

The result of the study may affect the reception of some drugs. In order for the indicators not distorted, the patient needs to notify the doctor about the preparations that he took on the eve of the duty of biological material.

Alkaline phosphatase rate in the blood

The amount of acid phosphatase in the plasma is small. A healthy person in the blood is constantly present there is a liver and bone isoform. The reference values \u200b\u200bof the specific indicator have a greater dependence on the age of the patient, slightly smaller - from the floor. Unit of measurement is an international unit by 1 liter of serum (IU / L).

Table "Norm of alkaline phosphatase in the blood"

Categories of people by age and semi	R eferensic values, IU / l
In children
In a newborn baby	From 75 to 380
Up to 1 year old	From 83 to 470
From 1 to 10 years	From 67 to 375
From 10 to 12	From 90 to 445
In teenagers
Girls (13-15 years old)	From 85 to 280
Boys (13-15 years old)	From 80 to 460
In adults
In men
15-20 years old	From 80 to 230
20-25 years old	From 56 to 148
From 25 years old	From 40 to 138
Among women
15-20 years old	From 52 to 115
20-25 years old	From 45 to 90
From 25 years old	From 40 to 110
During pregnancy	From 70 to 250

Permissible values \u200b\u200bmay differ slightly depending on the equipment and reagents that use different laboratories. Usually, health facilities indicate their norms on a special form, where the results of the material under study are negotiated. An interpretation of the analysis is engaged in a specialist.

Causes of increasing alkaline phosphatase

The increase in the SCF may be provoked by changes in a hormonal background (in women - menopause, late periods of pregnancy) or be a consequence of insufficient admission to the calcium and phosphorus.

If phosphatase is strongly improved, we can talk about serious diseases:

1. Bone defeat. Rahit, tumor neoplasms (metastatic processes in bone cells, sarcoma, bone cancer), softening of bone cells (osteomalath).
2. Pathological changes in the thyroid gland (hyperparathyroidism).
3. Liver disease. Hepatitis, cirrhosis, oncological seals, cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, mononucleosis, cholecystitis.
4. Burning gall-ducts stones.
5. Heavy deviations in the digestive system. Ulcerative colitis, peptic processes in the intestines, pancreatitis, chronic chair disorder.
6. Disorders of the kidneys. Malignant tumors (kidney hypernefrom), renal osteodistrophy.

Enhancement of alkaline phosphatase occurs due to the blockage of horizontal ducts

A healthy person has a high SCF can be provoked by a long admission of medicines (antibiotics, hormonal drugs). In children, up to the puberty of phosphatase above the norm is considered a normal phenomenon. At this time, bone tissue grows intensively.

Why phosphatase reduced

The decrease in the Alp marker is less common than its increase, but also acts as a sign of negative processes in the human body.

Quite often phosphatase less than the norm is a consequence of hazardous states:

• magnesium shortage, vitamin B12 and zinc;
• deterioration of the functioning of the thyroid (hypoteriosis);
• disadvantage of protein (kidney deviations or improper nutrition);
• congenital low content of the CFF in the body (hypophosfactosis);
• heavy degree of anemia.

Diseases of the thyroid gland cause a decrease in phosphatase

Low phosphatase in pregnant women indicates the insufficient development of the placental shell. This state requires urgent appeal to the doctor.

If the SFF is reduced without visible deviations in a person, the cause can be drugs that are accepted for a long time, or rules for the preparation for analysis were violated.

How to put alkaline phosphatase

The increase or decrease in the CFF in itself harm for the body does not carry. Dangerous is a disease that served as a cause of serious abnormalities in the blood marker.

How to lower phosphatase, you can find out, rearing the source of its increase. Therefore, the doctor, having received the analysis of biochemical analysis, prescribes an additional examination to the patient. Only after careful diagnosis and diagnosis, you can begin treatment selected by a specialist.

It is important not to engage in self-medication and do not try without permission to somehow lower the level of the SFF. Otherwise, you can provoke serious complications and negative consequences.

In biochemical blood analysis, alkaline phosphatase has an important diagnostic value. The change in the indicator makes it possible to detect problems in the work of the liver, kidney, digestive system, and estimate the condition of bone tissue. Analysis on the SFF has high reliability. The main thing is to prepare correctly and not attempt to independently diagnose, this should be done by the doctor.