How to facilitate eye symptoms with thyrotoxicosis. Eyes on a squirrel in a person or Exophthalm - what is this disease? Eye-eyed diseases - causes and treatment

Pucheglasie is not an independent disease, but only a symptom caused by some diseases. From a physiological point of view, Puchglasie is the displacement of the eyeballs when they are protruding forward or shift towards. In medicine "Pucheglasie" is referred to as the term "Exophthalm".

Pucheglasie is treated not only by oculists, but also endocrinologists, oncologists and other specialists. Tactics of treatment is selected depending on the diagnosis.

Determination of the disease

Pucheglasie, or Exophthalm is a protrusion or a strong displacement of the eyeball, provoked by the damage to the shallow orbit. This pathology is found in children and adults.

Manifestation of Exophthalma

Puchglasie can be pronounced vividly or noticeable only with ophthalmologically inspection. Most often, the symptom is a consequence of eye pathologies that are not related to vision.

The eyeball can be pulled out exactly forward or shifted a little to the side; It depends on the localization of the pathological process inside the orbit.

There is a congenital Puchglasie, which may well be a variant of the physiological norm.

Views

The protrusion of the eyeball is unilateral in the case of ophthalmological diseases and bilateral, which is observed with the general pathological condition of the body.

True Exophthalm, caused by the edema of the fabrics of the orbit, located behind the eyeball, it is necessary to distinguish from a false poureglasia, which develops as a result of an increase in the eyeball. The second option is observed at or.

In addition, doctors distinguish intermitted by exophthalm. Such Puchglasie is noticeable when the head is tilted on the one hand. This option is usually found in varicose veins of the veins of the orbit. Another variety is a pulsating exophthalm when the eyeball is not only put forward forward, but also pulsates blood flow (happens with the aneurysms of brain vessels).

Bilateral Eye Apple

Normally, the eyeball can go beyond the limits of the orbit no more than 20 mm. Depending on this, the indicator distinguishes 3 degrees of severity of Puchglasia. With a light degree of Exophthalm, the protrusion rate is 21-23 mm, the framework of the average degree ends 27 mm, and with a heavy form of the Puchglasia, the indicators go beyond 28 mm.

Causes of occurrence

Pucheglasie acquired is a reflection of pathological changes occurring in the body. The main reasons that can provoke this symptom are:

• Hyperthyroidism with base disease;
• Orbital fractures;
• A brain tumor;
• Aneurysm of brain vessels;
• Inflammatory damage to the apparel sinuses;
• Myopia is a hard degree;
• Glaucoma;

Symptoms

Symptoms helping to differentiate Pucheglasie:

• The appearance of white lumen between the edge of the eyelid and the iris (to identify this sign of the patient, they ask to look down);
• Damage to the skin of the eyelid.

Puchglasia may accompany such manifestations from the body of the vision as:

• Diplopia, that is, due to the violation of the projection;
• Enhanced tearing;
• Photophobia;
• Uncomfortable feelings for blinking;
• Outlet of conjunctiva, century, retina ,.

Puchglasie with squint

Possible complications

Pucheglasie requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. In addition to the unhealthy, inesthetical species, this phenomenon adversely affects the visual functions of the eye and can lead to absolute blindness.

The enhanced pressure on the visual nerve is able to cause it that subsequently leads to a complete loss of vision.

Exophthalm is a serious clinical symptom, which brings aesthetic discomfort and the patient, and the surrounding people, and leads to functional disorders of all the structures of the eyeball.

Diagnostics

In the presence of Pucheglasia, the doctor appoints the following types of surveys:

• Inspection by an ophthalmoscope;
• Biomicroscopic eye examination with the use of a slit lamp;
• Ultrasound eyes;
• Computer tomography brain;
• MRI brain;
• X-ray skull to eliminate orbit fractures;
• Identification of the level of thyroid hormones in the blood;
• Determining the level of iodine with urine.

Slit lamp

To identify the exact cause of Puchglasia, a comprehensive diagnostic examination is carried out with the involvement of medical professionals of various profiles (ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, therapeutors, traumatologists, neurologists, etc.).

Treatment

The treatment of Exophthalma is engaged, as already mentioned, not only the oculists, but also other specialists, since in most cases this symptom is a sign of a common pathological process occurring in the body.

Accordingly, those or other diseases that led to Pucheglasia require characteristic treatment techniques that are assigned by doctors after a series of analyzes and the installation of an accurate diagnosis.

If the cause of Puchglasia has become an endocrine, doctors prescribe glucocorticosteroid drugs.

Endocrine ophthalmopathy

Inflammatory processes are suppressed by and.

Oncological diseases caused by Puchglasia are subject to treatment characteristic of these diseases (radiation and chemotherapy, operation);

If this symptom is provoked by squeezing the optic nerve, then the patient is usually the surveillance, during which the adipose tissue is removed. As a result, the pressure on the nerve is reduced.

If the cornea was damaged due to the absorption of the eyeball, then the physicians are temporary stitching of the eyelids in order to strengthen it. In addition, restoring ointments are prescribed.

Conducting an accepted operation

Exophthalm is never a separate disease, but only a symptom. That is why the treatment of this symptom should be carried out against the background of the treatment of revealed main pathology. In some cases, Puchglasie does not require symptomatic treatment at all, as it passes independently after eliminating the cause. For example, with thyrotoxicosis: it is only a patient to lower the level of thyroxine in the blood to normal indicators, as the edema's tissue edema falls and the exophthalm disappears itself.

Symptomatic treatment of Puchglasia is only in the event that it is accompanied by additional manifestations: pain, inflammation of the eyelids, conjunctivations and cornea, bias in the eyes, and also when the face is strongly disappearing. In such cases, the patient is prescribed:

• Steroid hormones (prednisone, hydrocortisone);
• Antihistamine preparations (for example, diazoline);
• Radiotherapy;
• Surgical correction.

Diazoline - Antihistamine Preparation

False physiological exophthalm is not treated with apples to 2 mm due to anomalies of the eye cracks and skulls. This is a physiological phenomenon; Nevertheless, the patient should watch the eyes and attend an annual ophthalmologist.

Conservative therapy is shown to eliminate edema, inflammation and pain. Surgical correction is applied when drug treatment is ineffective, as well as with a serious degree of symptom manifestation.

Prevention

The main place in the prevention of Exophthalma occupies a thorough monitoring of patients who discovered physiological pucheglasie. It is they enter into a group of increased risk and need a dynamic observation in order to identify the earnest degree of the disease.

In addition, the prevention of Pucheglasia lies in the following events:

• Eating iodized salt and seafood to prevent the development of goiter;
• Regular visits to the oculist in the presence of risk factors;
• Timely examination of the neurologist;
• Warning of thromboembolic complications.

Video

conclusions

In conclusion, it should be noted that Puchglasie is a sign of pathology in the event that the eye protrusion is more than 2 mm. In such a situation, the patient needs to carry out a thorough diagnostic survey to identify the cause of the pathological condition. After installing the accurate diagnosis, the treatment corresponding to the diagnosis is shown. In most cases, therapy is not carried out by oculists, but by the doctors of a different profile, due to the cause of Exophthalma

Among the variety of ophthalmic diseases, two categories should be allocated. Some pathologies can be recognized only on special diagnostic equipment, while others are clearly distinguishable due to physical disorders in the visual apparatus. Exophthalm is a disorder that is noticeable with a naked eye. For him, typically adding the eyeball or offset into one of the sides. In today's article, we will consider why this ailment arises, which there are ways to treat.

Exophthalm - What is it?

Under this term is understood as a rather rare disease. In everyday life you can meet another name - Pucheglasie. Its development is caused by the pathological increase in the number of retrobulbar tissues in the cavity of the orcap. The reason for this violation, in turn, is inflammatory, neurodistrophic or traumatic processes. The manifestations of Exophthalma can be observed at any age.

The first case of Puchglasia in medicine was recorded at the end of the XVIII century and is due to the disease of the thyroid. However, a detailed description of the pathology received only in the middle of the XX century. Since that time, its active study began. Many doctors believe that Exophthalm is such a manifestation of one or more diseases, and not an independent violation. Not always the first are associated with the visual apparatus, sometimes the reason is hidden in the functional disorder of other organs. Therefore, only differential diagnosis allows you to identify a source of illness, competently choose therapy.

Main reasons

Immediately it should be noted that various violations of the visual organs can not be the cause of Exophthalma. On the other hand, the disease remained without timely treatment often provokes the development of complications. Among them, the most dangerous is considered a complete loss of vision.

Numerous studies of patients with this illness made it possible to confirm that the damage to the eye tissues characteristic of Exophthalma is caused by a failure in the work of the immune system. In this case, the patient swells the adipose tissue in the eye tracing, then motor muscles are joined to this process. This phenomenon affects both eyes, but initially manifests itself only on one.

Among other causes of the pathological process, the doctors allocate the following:

• inflammation of blood vessels, tear eye glands;
• congenital glaucoma;
• varicose vegetables;
• various injuries that cause hemorrhage;
• eye tumors;
• paralysis of the external eye muscles.

Also, the causes of the disease can be local processes. For example, diffuse toxic goiter, hypothalamic syndromes, aneurysms, thrombosis, hydrocephalus.

Clinical picture

The severity of symptoms of Exophthalm depends on the degree of eye protrusion. A slightly distinguishable violation practically does not cause discomfort. As the disease progresses, the clinical picture is modified, complemented by the following features:

• swelling and redness Scler;
• reduction of visual acuity;
• twist in the eyes.

Because of the displacement of the eyeball, the patient loses the ability to close the eye slot. Therefore, he gradually develops keratopathy. Pathology leads to infection and ulceration of the cornea.

Classification of Exophthalma

Disease is customary to classify on imaginary and true. In the first case, the pathological process develops against the background of severe myopia. B.more than a serious illness of the disease is a true exophthalm. What it is? The disease occurs due to tumor or inflammatory disorders. It may proceed both in acute and chronic form.

True Exophthalm, in turn, is divided into the following types:

• constant;
• throbbing;
• progressive malignant;
• intermittent.

It also happens one-sided exophthalm and bilateral (striking both eyes).

According to another classification, three types of Puchglasia are distinguished: thyrotoxic, edema and endocrine myopathy. Now consider in more detail what is each of them.

Thyareoxic Exophthalm.

This type of disease occurs mainly in female people. Its development is preceded by the poisoning of thyroid hormones of the thyroid. Soft fabrics in the pathological process are not involved. The top muscles of the eye orbit, responsible for the movement of the century, are spashed and significantly increase in size.

As the aless develops, there is a significant expansion of the eye slit. First, the changes are asymmetrical. Gradually, the eye gap is becoming deeper and wider. At the same time, other ophthalmological disorders appear: the patient becomes difficult to blink, translate the look at the objects located near the items. Externally, it seems that such a person has "eyes on a dropping".

The deficit provokes anomalous glitter of proteins. When the patient is trying to close eyes every time, the upper eyelids begin to twitch. The movement of the pupil and cornea is observed their inhibited reaction.

Even Ezophthalm.

The reasons for the development of this form of the disease still remain poorly studied. To date, it is clearly clear the etymology only in 70% of patients. In half cases, the pathological process is endocrine. 10% of the disease develops against the background of infection. The remaining 10% of doctors are associated with an anamne and the lifestyle of the patient.

The edema is characterized by a strong protrusion of the eyeball. In most cases, pathology is bilateral. Only 10% of patients are observed by an exophthalm of one eye. At the same time, pain can be so strong that patients prescribe narcotic anesthetic.

If the treatment can not start timely, the disease can lead to keratitis. This is the inflammation of the horn shell, at which vision deteriorates rapid pace.

Endocrine myopathy

The nature of this form of illness is closely related to hormonal changes of the thyroid. Its development contributes or excessive emission of hormones, or their acute deficit. Among the main reasons for disorder, doctors call stress, radiation exposure, genetic predisposition.

The main sign of the endocrine myopathy is a disorder of vision, when all items start literally splitting. Then there is a limitation of the mobility of the eyeball. After about 4-5 months, fibrosis develops - an uncontrolled growth of intraocular tissues.

Diagnostic methods

In suspected Exophthalm, it is necessary to immediately contact the nearest branch of ophthalmology. Diagnose violation and choose competent therapy can only qualified specialist. An ophthalmologist is engaged in this issue. To confirm the disease, it is enough to carry out one study - exophthalmometry.

During the procedure, a special ruler is used. On a scale with divisions, the doctor determines the sizes of the cornea, compares the vertices of its protrusions. After that, the size of the eye cracking, the presence of other diseases, in which the complete closing of the eyelid is impossible.

Depending on the results obtained, the ophthalmologist determines the severity of the pathological process. When the corneal size exceeds 20 mm, and the difference between the highest points is more than 2 mm, they say the exophthalm. What it is, why arises and how to deal with it - the doctor should be answered right at the reception.

In parallel with exophthamometry, a number of additional studies are prescribed (ultrasound thyroids, analysis of hormones, checking the state of the immune system, etc.). Based on the results of comprehensive diagnostics, an ophthalmologist is treated.

Options for therapy

Persecuted eyes or Exophthalm are a serious pathology that requires drug or even surgery. Normalize the functioning of the visual apparatus, remove inflammation from the muscles and return the eyeballs to the place through the recipes of folk drugs is not possible. An endocrinologist and an ophthalmologist should be treated with the treatment of the disease, if necessary, the surgeon is necessary. Therapy can take from several months to 2-3 years.

Exophthalma treatment is always appointed individually. At the same time, the doctor must take into account the severity of pathology, the history of the patient, the presence of concomitant ailments. Therapy is considered completed successfully, if it was possible to stop the basic symptoms.

Different drugs are used to combat the disease. For example, to eliminate the swelling, they are prescribed "Laziks", "Furosemid" or "diakar". For the normalization of cellular metabolism use "Actovegin" and "Prezero". If you need to stop inflammation, the doctor may register "dexamethasone" or "prednisone". With severe thyroid problems, the use of hormonal drugs is required. Their reception should be strictly controlled by a doctor.

When conservative treatments do not bring the desired results, surgical intervention is recommended. The standard operation involves the expansion of the orbital by removing orbital walls. Additionally relax eye muscles.

Forecast for recovery

The causes of the punched eyes in each particular case may be different. Therefore, the forecast for recovery will depend on the following factors:

• timeliness of diagnosis;
• the degree of severity of pathology;
• the correctness of the prescribed treatment;
• individual features of the body.

With a mild and moderate degree of Exophthalla, the forecast is favorable. In more serious cases, the help of surgeons may be required.

Methods of prevention

For such a disease, such as Exophthalm, the main feature is "eyes on a cuddle." This is a fairly unpleasant disorder that requires competent treatment. Is it possible to prevent his appearance?

According to leading ophthalmologists, the basis of the prevention of this ailment is a healthy lifestyle. It is important to eat right and rationally, try to eradicate all the detrimental habits, avoid stressful situations. If there are any ophthalmic diseases, it is necessary to begin therapy in a timely manner and not neglect the recommendations of the attending physician.

We should take care of the organs of vision and head from traumatic damage. If the pathology is suspected of the pathology, you need to immediately contact the endocrinologist and survey.

The most frequent factors for the appearance of Exophthalma are diseases of an ophthalmic nature, violations in the work of the endocrine system and the skull injury. Treatment of punched eyes is primarily intended to exclude the main symptom of the disease, due to which pathology arose. Exophthalm can develop from any person, regardless of its age, as well as sex.

Puchglasie is most often negatively affected by visual acuity, and in the absence of the right

treatment passes into the malignant form of pathology. The pathology of Exophthalm is differently called Puchglasia. Such a name is considered quite justified, since with such processes, the eyeballs significantly perform ahead, creating a characteristic effect of wringing eyes.

Puchglasie is due to the displacement of the eyeballs, because of what the eyes begin to shift forward or in a certain side. With this state, a distinctive feature is considered a white lumen, which is noticeable between the rainbow shell and the upper age, is especially pronounced when looking down down. In this case, the color of the skin of the very century is changing - the skin in this place begins to become much darker.

The development of Exophthalma provoke pathological increases in the number of retrobulbar tissues, which are contained in the cavity of the orphanage. This violation occurs at inflammatory, traumatic or neurodistrophic diseases.

The first fixed case of Puchglasia occurred at the end of the XVIII century and was associated with a disease of the thyroid gland. But this pathology was described in more detail only in the middle of the 20th century. Since that time, the process of active learning defeat began.

Many attending experts argue that Exophthalm is a manifestation of one or immediately a variety of diseases, and not an independent violation. Not always, diseases can be directly related to the human visual apparatus, in some cases the main reason is hidden in the functional disorders of the organs. That is why only a differential study will help identify the source of the disease, as well as competently choose treatment therapy.

Various difficulties in the work of visual bodies cannot cause Exophthalma. On the other hand, pathology left without proper treatment often provokes the development of serious lesions. The most dangerous among them is considered loss of vision.

Multiple studies of patients with such a lesion helped to confirm that damage to the eye tissues, which describe the course of exophthalma, can be associated with violations in the functioning of the immune system. In this case, the patient begins to strongly swell the fatty fabric in the eyeboard, after the motion muscles also join this damage. Such processes hit two eyes at once, but initially manifest only on one.

Among the remaining causes of the development of the pathological process, doctors usually allocate:

Also, the main factors for the development of Pucheglasia can be the processes of local propagation - for example, diffuse toxic goiter, aneurysm, thrombosis, hypothalamic syndrome, hydrocephalium.

The severity of symptoms in a puchglase person will directly depend on the eye protrusion. A small violation almost does not cause a patient with no pain or other discomfort. As the degree of violation develops and deterioration, the clinical picture begins to change, and the eyelet is complemented by some symptoms:

• floor and redness Scler;
• reducing the acuteness of the patient;
• happens.

Due to changes in the position of the eyeball, the patient loses the function normally cover the eye slot. That is why keratopathy occurs over time. Pathology lead to the development of infection and corneal expansion.

Pucheglasie manifests itself completely differentlyBut in medicine it is customary to allocate three main types:

Easy to protrude an eye from orbits (from 15 to 18 millimeters), which is considered absolutely normal. In the development of Puchglasia, you need to undergo a comprehensive examination of the doctor for the formulation of an accurate diagnosis. Cerencing Exophthalm can only defeat the main disease.

The main pathologies that lead to Exophthalmu:

Eliminate signs of Exophthalm possible only when the doctor's intervention is a narrower direction.

Violation is made to divide on imaginary and true. With viciousness, pathology is actively developing against the background of myopia. A more serious form of defeat is the true Exophthalm. In this case, Puchglasie is actively formed due to inflammatory and tumor processes. It can take place both in acute and chronic form.

True Puchglasie is also divided into several types:

• constant;
• throbbing;
• intermittent;
• progressive malignant.

According to the second classification, three types of exophthalma are recognized: thioretoxic, endocrine myopathy and solidity.

Thyareoxic lesion

This type of violation occurs in most cases in women. Its formation is preceded by the process of poisoning by thyroid hormone in the thyroid. At the same time, soft tissues are not at all participating in the process of defeat. The top muscles of the eye orbit, which are responsible for the mobility of the century, are spashed and become increased.

As the symptom progresses, a strong expansion of the eye slit is beginning to pass. At the first stages, the changes asymmetric and almost do not show themselves. But over time, the gap is becoming more and wider. In conjunction with such a process, other ophthalmological changes occur: the patient has to apply some efforts to blink, translate the view from the subject to the subject. It may seem to appear on the appearance that the person's eyes have a hitch.

Low level of tears fluid provokes an abnormal glitter of proteins. As soon as the patient is trying to close his eyes, the upper eyelids begin to jump unexpectedly. On the movement of the pupil and cornea, the reaction occurs.

The reasons for the development of this type of Puchglasia to this time are poorly studied. Today, the etymology of pathology is understood only in seventy percent of patients. In half cases, pathology is endocrine. 10 percent is formed together with the infection of the body. The remaining ten percent of the doctors got used to tie with anamnesis and poor way of life of the patient.

The ethylene type of deposit is described by strong emphasising eyeball. Most often, bilateral type spheres. Only ten percent is observed by Exophthalm of one eye. At the same time, pain may be so strong that the patient prescribe narcotic forms of painkillers.

If you do not start timely treatment, then the defeat can develop keratitis. This inflammation of the horn shells, in which the sharpness of vision is very quickly reduced.

Endocrine disease

The nature of such a form is closely related to hormonal disorders in the thyroid. Such pathology contributes to a strong emission of hormones, or, on the contrary, their disadvantage. Among the main reasons for the illness, experts identify stresses, emotional disorders, radiation irradiation and genetic predisposition.

The main symptom is the disorder of the visual system, in which all items nearby are starting to split. After you can notice the restriction of the mobility of the apple eye. After four to five months, fibrosis can develop, uncontrolled the growth of tissues inside the eye.

Basic diagnostic methods

In suspected of the presence of a disease, you need to immediately go on the reception in the nearest department of ophthalmology. Diagnose the disease and choose the right treatment therapy can only an experienced doctor. This question is engaged in an ophthalmologist. To confirm the disease, he is enough to spend with a patient only one study is exophthamometry.

During the study, a special ruler is applied. According to a general division scale, the doctor determines the diameter of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye, and also considers her protrusions. After that, an inspection of the width of the eye slit is carried out, the presence of disease is checked, during which it is impossible to completely close the eyes.

Depending on the diagnosis obtained, the ophthalmologist determines the indicator of the severity of pathology. If the socket size exceeds the diameter of 20 millimeters, and the difference between its highest dots outside the mark of two millimeters, then this indicates a man's poureglasia. What it is and how to fight with these, the doctor will be able to respond to the reception itself. Together with exophthamometry, the patient discharges a number of additional procedures (ultrasound thyroids, diagnostics of hormones, checking the state of the immune system). On the basis of the study, the ophthalmologist selects more proper treatment.

Possible treatment

The convex eye is a serious lesion that requires medical or even surgical treatment. Normalize the activity of the visual apparatus, eliminate inflammatory processes in the muscles and return the eyeballs to the place with the help of the recipes of people's healers will not work. Treatment should be conducted by a physician endocrinologist and an ophthalmologist, if necessary, the surgeon is connected and conducts operation. Therapy may continue from two to three years.

The treatment of pathology is always prescribed based on the individual characteristics of the patient and the presence of pathologies in its body. At the same time, the doctor is obliged to take into account the severity of the violation, the form of sprayingness and the presence of concomitant lesions of Exophthalma. The treatment is considered to be completed if it turned out to eliminate the main problem and reduce symptoms.

Different drugs are used to combat damage. For example, to get rid of the edema, drugs are prescribed: Laziks, diakarba and furosemide. Prezero and actovegin are used to normalize metabolism in cells. For serious difficulties with the thyroid, treatment is needed by hormonal means . Their reception should be under full control from the doctor.

ATTENTION, only today!

People with a thyroid eye have suffered from violation of the function of the thyroid gland in the past or will be in the future

Diseases of the thyroid gland can affect the eyes, as a result of which the muscles and soft fabrics inside the orders swell. It pushes the eye apple forward and causes various eye symptoms. Treatment includes measures to protect the eyes: the use of artificial tears, drugs, and in some cases even surgery. It is also necessary to treat the thyroid disease itself.

Muscle swelling and adhesive eye

When the eyes are affected with the diseases of the thyroid gland, there is a swelling of muscles and adhesive tissues surrounding the eyeball within the orbit (soccer). Edema is associated with inflammation of these fabrics. Inside the orbit of the eye space is limited, so when swelling the fabrics, the eyeball put forward forward. This leads to the fact that the transparent window in the front of the eye (cornea) loses its defense. The eyeball cannot move as easily as the muscles, now less controlling his work. When the disease is very heavy, the nervous connections of the eyeball to the brain can be compressed and damaged. This period of swelling is accompanied by healing.

Thyroid disease Also called ophthalmopathy of the thyroid gland, distortoid illness, ophthalmopathy or an ophthalmic disease of Graves.

Reasons for thyroid eye disease

The thyroid gland is small in shape resembling a butterfly iron, which is located in the top of the throat (trachea) in front of the neck. It plays an important role in controlling the speed with which chemical reactions occur in the tissues of the body (metabolic rate). Thyroid gland can become hyperactive or low. This is most often associated with an autoimmune disease.

Autoimmune diseases and thyroid gland

The immune system usually creates small proteins (antibodies) that can attack alien organisms (bacteria, viruses). In people with autoimmune diseases, the immune system produces antibodies against their own tissues of the body. It is not yet clear why this happens. Some people develop autoimmune diseases: their immune system attacks its own body tissues. An autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland (see Article:) occurs when the body's antibodies attack the gland. In some people, these same antibodies can also attack the fabrics surrounding the eyeball. This is a thyroid eye disease. It is not known why this happens in some people, and not others. Therefore, the thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune disease that is most often associated with the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland. In some cases, the thyroid eye disease occurs even when the thyroid gland is working normally. Nevertheless, people with a thyroid disease eye, as a rule, suffered from violation of the thyroid function in the past or they begin to break this gland.

Prevalence of thyroid eye

This rare state is annually diagnosed about 16 women and 3 men out of 100,000 people. Most of these people have problems with the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, which are based on an autoimmune state. This usually occurs at middle age. Some people have genes that increase the risk of the thyroid disease. In addition, this risk is raised by smokers.

Symptoms of thyroid eye disease

The symptoms cause swelling in the fabrics and push the eyeballs ahead: 1) eyes can become red and irritated, since the cornea is amazed and poorly lubricated. 2) There may be dry eyes, since the production of tears with tear glands is broken. 3) Eyes may hurt. 4) eyes may look more convex. 5) Double vision (diplopia) can develop, since the muscles become too swollen, which does not allow them to work properly.6) In the later stages of the disease, vision can be blurred, and the colors may seem less bright. Two eyeballs are not always affected in the same extent.

Diagnosis of thyroid eye disease

The diagnosis can be delivered simply on the examination of the eye, if it is already known about the disease of the thyroid gland. Sometimes blood tests are carried out that are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The level of hormones in the blood can show how well the thyroid gland is functioning. Specific blood tests can be made to measure the level of antibodies in the blood.

It is necessary to make an ultrasound thyroid gland to see how actively it works. If the doctor is especially concerned about swelling the orbit of the eye, he can designate MRI, which will determine which fabrics are most affected. The doctor should also appreciate how well you see colors, as well as peripheral vision. An eye movement test can be carried out, which will show which muscles were affected by the autoimmune process. These estimates should be carried out throughout the disease.

Treatment of thyroid eye

If the thyroid disease is not treated, inflammation for several months or years should go through itself. However, the symptoms caused by edema (for example, the scolded eyes) may remain forever, since some of the tissues that have been stretched cannot always return to their original form. The purpose of treatment is to limit the damage caused during the inflammation period. For the treatment of the thyroid eye, the joint efforts of the ophthalmologist and the endocrinologist are needed.

Preparations for the treatment of thyroid disease

At an early stage of the disease and when this disease proceeds in a soft form, artificial tears are used, but they may not be enough. As the disease progressing, immunosuppressants will be required - a family of drugs that suppress the immune system, which produces abnormal antibodies. Steroids, such as prednisone, are widely used immunosuppressants. Also need to take some other drugs (omeprazole protects the mucous membrane of the stomach) to counteract some of the most common side effects of steroids. If you have a very hard disease, the doctor may assign a course of steroids introduced through the dropper.

Surgical treatment of thyroid eye disease

Approximately 5 out of 100 people with a thyroid eye face is a severe form of illness, as a result of which the visual nerve (connecting the back of the eyeball to the brain) is compressed. This may damage the entire vision. In this case, the doctor may decide on the organization of decompression. This is a procedure that creates a space in an orbit for the spread of inflamed tissues. This reduces the pressure on the nerve. In some cases, a surgical operation can be performed, allowing to shift the eyeballs back. Sometimes the operation to eliminate stretched muscles allows you to return everything to your place. If there are problems with elongated fabrics that need surgical correction after the inflammation has passed, the operation is made in orbit and then on the muscles.

Other types of thyroid eye treatment

If there is a bone (diplopia), the doctor may prescribe modified glasses that block vision from one eye; Or cover your eyes with special prisms to stop diplopy. Radiation therapy (treatment by exposure to radioactive substance) can be applied to some individuals. The goal is to reduce the tumor in the eye. It is used along with other forms of treatment. There are a number of new methods of treating the thyroid disease, which are studied. In addition, the doctor will treat the anomaly of the function of the thyroid gland. For this, drugs (radioactive iodine) or thyroid surgery will be prescribed.

Tips for patients with thyroid eye disease: 1) Smoking worsens the course of the disease, so refuse this harmful habit. 2) Bright light can irritate the eyes, in this case sunglasses will be useful. 3) If you drive a car and have a double vision, be sure to control it using glasses with prisms.

Complications of the thyroid eye disease. Most people do not develop constant complications. Nevertheless, they take place in some people, especially those whose treatment is delayed or with severely form of the disease. More often complications come from elderly people, as well as smokers and diabetes sick diabetes. Possible complications: 1) corneal damage; 2) constant strabismus or bias in the eyes; 3) damage to the eye nerve, which leads to a decrease in vision or perception of color; 4) unsightly species.

Complications due to treatment: 1) Side Effects due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs. 2) side effects due to surgery: double vision (in 15 out of 100 people with a thyroid eye disease); Loss of view (in less than 1 of 1000 people with a thyroid disease).

The thyroid disease of the eyes is a prolonged disease. The permissions period lasts from several months to several years (usually about two years). However, in most people, this disease occurs in a light form and requires the use of only artificial tears, as well as regular vision verification. Then this disease takes place in itself. For patients with severe thyroid eye disease, the forecast depends on how early the diagnosis is established and how intensively treatment has been carried out. Approximately 1 of 4 people ultimately have reduced vision.

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There are quite a few different eye diseases. One of them is scolding eyes. The disease is rather a symptom of another disease. In medicine, bulging the eyeball, sometimes his mixing to the side, is called Exophthalm. It is characterized by the appearance of the lumen of white color, which can be observed between the upper century and the iris. Depending on the main disease, neurologists, ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, endocrinologists, trauma and oncologists are engaged in the treatment of repeated eyes.

Classification of Exophthalma

Most often doctors divide pathology on imaginary and true. Consider them in more detail:

• true is the result of inflammation, injuries, tumors of orbit and diseases of the whole organism;
• the imaginary form manifests itself with an abnormal development of the cranial box, congenital asymmetry of the eye, expanding the gap of the eye.

There is also a classification by the flow of pathology:

• permanent Exophthalm. The appearance of such a form contributes to the identified neoplasm in the eye;
• throbbing. It becomes a consequence of injuries and the development of the aneurysm of the eye arteries. A noticeable symptom becomes ripple on the eye. The accompanying signs are constant head pain, the hum in the auditory body. In later stages begin to increase in the sizes of veins at the temples and the frontal part of the head;
• intermittent. The reason is the pathology of the icing veins. It is characterized by releasing the eye orbits at the moment of severe physical exertion.

Pain at the moment when the eyes of a person are repeated, he does not feel. If the thyroid gland is incorrect or after it is removed, edema will be developed by exophthalm with diffuse toxic zob. It is connected with a hormonal failure.

What is the pathology?

The causes of such an orbit disease are as follows:

• general: anomalous development of the skull, diffuse goiter, diseases of the hematoporation system, hydrocephalus, inflammation of the sinuses of the nose;
• local: the pathologies of the eye veins, tumors of the orbit, eye injury, and inflammation of the orbit.

Symptomatics of pathology

A minor eye protrusion practically does not cause a person discomfort. But the longer the deviation progresses, the more signs manifest. These include:

• Lowering visual acuity and bias in the eyes.
• Schlera blush and swell.
• The sign of the appearance of a neoplasm or inflammation in the eye is the low-income eye apple.
• Keratitis is possible due to an incomplete closure of the century, which leads to a drying sclera.
• During inspection, neuritis, hemorrhage, nerve atrophy is found.

Important! If the visual nerve is in the compressed state for a long time, blindness can not be avoided. Unfortunately, such a phenomenon is irreversible.

Is it possible to get rid of pathology?

The convex eyes are treated only after making a holistic deflection pattern through a complete examination, the collection of anamnesis, exophthamometry. It is also necessary to find out the factors causing pathology. Therefore, the patient is obliged to visit all doctors, for the resolution of an accurate diagnosis. Only after it would be known to provoke Exophthalm, the doctor prescribes treatment.

If the eye release occurred as a result of inflammation, doctors discharge therapy with vitamins, sedatives, antibiotic, sulfanimamides.

When diagnosed oncology, resort to chemotherapy, radiation therapy. Through the operation, remove the tumor if necessary.

Endocrinologists are treated for exophthalm if the reasons for its progression have become problems in the work of the thyroid. After studying the results of analyzes, the doctors' hormones discharge the appropriate drugs (radioactive iodine, mercazoline). At its discretion, experts appoint pulse therapy with prednisone.

In case of injury, apply a gulling dressing and hemostatic drugs.

If the nerve compression has been revealed, it is necessary to carry out an operation. Otherwise, a person threatens blindness.

Preventive measures

First you need to take care of your immunity and establish a lifestyle. To do this, give up all the bad habits, if such are available, exercise and protect yourself from stress. Do not forget about proper nutrition. Fresh fruits and vegetables have a beneficial effect on the health of the body as a whole. Thanks to the useful food, you can protect yourself and from the protrusion of the eyes. After all, trichinella becomes often the cause of such a phenomenon, which is found in the cheese of pigs.

In the event that a person is observed by a doctor because of any disease, it is necessary to comply with all its prescriptions. Otherwise, the result of an irresponsible attitude towards his health can be crowded. Disease at the initial stage of trouble does not bring, but no one has been insured against complications.

Any disease is much easier to prevent than then he is treated. Exophthalm is no exception. In order to see well and not to lose vision forever, do not neglect the visits to the oculists, advise each question.

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