What is a great attractor? The Great Attractor: The most terrible object in the Universe (8 photos) Attractor in the Universe.

Approximately four decades ago, astronomers learned that the galaxy in which the planet Earth is located, called the Milky Way, moves much faster than expected. The Milky Way speed is 2.2 million kilometers per hour, which is 2500 times the speed of the cruising airliner, 55 times greater than the second cosmic speed relative to the Earth (the second cosmic speed is the minimum speed required by the body to leave the gravity zone), and even Two and a half times the most of their own second space speed. However, the mystery remains what causes such a movement.

The theory of movement of galaxy

The theory of a large explosion claims that each point in the universe should move towards any other point. Despite this, the galaxies on both sides of the Milky Way should move with the same recession rate, which should lead to the absence of pure movement in terms of the Milky Way. Clean movement may appear due to irregularities in the distribution of matter, for example, due to massive accumulations of galaxies. Additional gravitational attraction of these clusters can slow down or even draw the expansion of the universe in close proximity to them.

Great attractor

But in the direction of the Milky Way movement, there is no visible clusters of galaxies. There is a small excess of galaxies in relative proximity, as well as excess radiation visible through X-ray telescopes. However, nothing that could be sufficiently significant to explain the acceleration of the Milky Way. So what happens? Is it an excessive density of dark matter? Or is the current theory of origin of mass and movement is incorrect? Astronomy Alan Dressler used the first theory, designating the lack of concentration of matter "Great Atractor".

Other explanation

However, another explanation may be the fact that the alleged location of the lack of matter is not so far from the direction of the movement of the nebula, the coal bag is deep in the Milky Way. Can the Milky Way itself move through the space as a rotating disk, leaving the source of a distant gravitational attractor? Can there be a supermassive accumulation of galaxies that cannot be detected, since it is flashed with a dense layer of dust generated by the Military way? But it should be borne in mind that the mass of such accumulation of galaxies should be equivalent to ten thousand Andromeda galaxy.

Multipath Receiver Parks and its use

At the end of the nineties, the team of scientists began to use an innovative tool together with famous Parks telescopes. This tool is known as a multipath receiver Parks. Unique sensitivity and field of view of this receiver allowed scientists to make much more sensitive and detailed radios of the sky. These reviews were carried out as follows: the receiver turned to what is known as a 21-centimeter line of neutral hydrogen. And although this line was rather weak, the sensitivity of the receiver was so high that even such studies carried out blindly, thousands of galaxies could be found.

The first study of the new order

Moreover, on radio waves, radiation passes directly through the dust layer formed by the Milky. Finally, the galaxy became transparent, and scientists were able to see that he was hiding behind this dense layer of dust. Hipass is the first similar study that included a shallow overview of all the sky in the southern hemisphere. In addition, Hipass became the first sensitive overview of the sky through extragalactic hydrogen, ever made on any telescope. However, there was nothing unexpected per dust layer.

Other studies

Other similar studies conducted by this team of scientists were sent to the Milky Way itself, and not for what is behind it. During these studies, only a slight excessive density of galaxies was seen. But then it was clear that more detailed research and observations are needed. Various theoretical models are considered only if nothing is at a distance of 200 million light years. Therefore, a long series of deeper observations were carried out for the Universe, which is behind the Milky Way Disk - and again for this was used by the Parce Telescope.

Research results

These studies have been completed in the middle of zero. Due to additional complications in the analysis of the radio networks obtained from the Milky Way (in particular due to the noise created by the space rays in the galaxy itself), as well as due to the team's dispersonality, scientists needed a few more years in order to fully analyze the data obtained and publish them . As a result, they were published only last year. In total, 883 galaxies were discovered for the dusty disk of the Milky Way - and 77 more, located north of the Milky Way. Only several of these galaxies have previously observed an optical red displacement, so only before them could be found the distance.

The Great Attractor remains a mystery

However, when data obtained during research using infrared devices was investigated, they were compared with the data obtained earlier, it turned out that about eighty percent of galaxies were confirmed due to star analogues. The remaining twenty percent are too deep in the Milky Way to confirm their presence using the optical and infrared telescopes available to date. The discovery of such a large number of unprecedented galaxies was exciting. But at the same time the Great Attractor was not found. Yes, new galaxies were found, galaxy clusters. But nothing of the discovered could explain the accelerated movement of the Milky Way. Therefore, the Great Attractor, which pulls the Milky Way to himself, remains a mystery. However, this does not mean that it is not necessary to enjoy what was done. Scientists have discovered a huge number of new galaxies - and this can be compared with how researchers on Earth studied new territories by adding them to the card. Only in this case the galaxies can be added to the map under the general name of the Universe.

Up to the beginning of the XX century, our galaxy was considered a unique object. Today we know that in an affordable observation part of the Universe, it is perhaps not less than 125 billion galaxies. In each of them - billions or trillions of stars. Only in the nearest "surroundings" of the solar system - within a radius of 1.5 billion light years - about 130 ultra-discharge galaxies have been found. And all this does not remind a certain frozen world, a sort of star card, glued to the heavenly sphere. No, everything here is imbued with movement. For the mid-1980s, it was found that the groups of galaxies are flying together together. Our Milky Way Together with the accumulation of galaxies in the constellation of the Virgin, together with the superchange of galaxies in the constellation, the hair of Veronica, together with other clusters of the cosmic substance rushes at a speed of 600 kilometers per second towards some unknown yet, but an incredibly powerful gravity source. Already the first calculations have shown that the total mass of this object is approximately as follows as in several tens of thousands of large galaxies together even imagine. Trying to resorted at least some clear allusion, let's say that it is also an inevitable substance in the center of our galaxy slides into a black hole. One of the space cartographers, Alan Dresser, called this mysterious, entailing an object "Great Attractor" (from English Attraction - Communication), "the great source of attraction." However, see something in that given, where we all rush until it succeeded.

About the nature of this object argued a lot. It was assumed, for example, that this is a "cosmic string", an incredibly massive relict object, which arose at the time of early youth of the Universe, a kind of filamentous curvature of space-time. However, further observations have shown that a telecommunication attractor is the largest ultra-consuming galaxic. However, the masses of all galactic clusters located here are not enough to explain the observed effect. Obviously, there, behind the Milky, there are still some ambitious structures, which are part of the great source of attraction, but cannot be detected by astronomers yet. It is likely that there is also a fastened amount of dark matter, not known until science. From the Milky Way to the Great Attractor is approximately 250 million light years. Located a great source of attraction in the sky of the southern hemisphere. It stretches from the constellations of Peacock and Indian to the constellation of sails. Its mass reaches an approximately 5 x 10-16 solar masses. After it lies almost completely closed by Milky, the galactic accumulation in the constellation of the Nagolnik - there are many large and ancient galaxies in its surroundings. They are still faced with each other, the emitting powerful radiation streams. This gigantic gravitational anomaly affects other supercountations, for example, this means that galactic accumulations in this part of the universe are removed from each other as fast as it would be in the case Uniform expansion of the Universe. And again we are inevitable, as galaxies - to the Great Attractor, we rush to the same question for which scientists are trying to answer decades: "How did gigantic galaxies arose?" Such a question inevitably entails other issues: "Why do these clusters look like that, and not otherwise? And how did our world arose? Why is he as we see him? "According to generally accepted opinion, our world was born about 14 billion years ago in a large explosion flame. The only force that ordered the matter was gravity. However, the power is weak, and as long as it streamlines the matter, it will take too much time. The greater the structure, the longer it will be formed. The setting of space could flow two ways: "top down" (Top Down), when in the "original broth" originated, and then the structures observed by us now, or "bottom-up" ( Bottom Up) - According to this scenario, gas nebulas thickened in the stars, the stars were tightened in the galaxies, they formed clusters and, finally, a cosmic foam arose. Recently, such processes were able to simulate on the computer. In the first case, all the structures interested us are space "foam", ultra-consuming and accumulation of galaxies, as well as individual galaxies - arose, but it took a lot of time, while the oldest galaxies have already appeared 13 billion years ago. In the second case, only the galaxies and their accumulations were formed, but no space "foam", no "Great Attractor" was not.

But it was not, of course, the lack of risky hypotheses explaining the attraction of galaxies to each other. So the Nobel laureate in Physics Hannes Alfven suggested, despite the skepticism of colleagues, which there is another force in space, while unknown to us. Perhaps, giant space structures arise due to plasma currents - electrically charged and high-energy gas flows - and the magnetic fields created by it. There are other forces about which we still do not know anything in the universe. Perhaps galaxies are not just a cluster of dead matter. Perhaps they are, like animals, they themselves "are knocked in flocks", experiencing a sympathy for each other. After all, no laws of gravity or magnetism make the ants build a hostel - an anthill. Benua Mandelbrot - a person who invented the term "fractal" - compared the structure of the universe with a cereal cloud. According to him, the whole world is organized by fractal principle. The universe has a "fibrous", branched structure, reminding the crown of wood or bronchi of the lungs. If this is true - and much speaks in favor of this hypothesis, then this will have the fatal consequences for our cosmological speculation. After all, they are based mainly on the formulas of the theory of relativity. However, those are valid only for the homogeneous universe, in which matter is distributed relatively evenly. For the fractal universe, they do not work. Summing up, repeat: no one knows why these huge structures have arisen in the universe and how much time went to their formation. It is possible to note how this space pattern is similar to the "Multivalent" Russian cosmologist Linde-multitude of non-communicating universes. After all, it can also be compared with soap foam, dyed by a lot of bubbles: some of them are inflated, others are blown away - some universes are born, others are dying. A big explosion that thormed our world may not be a unique event. This is not the first and not the last big explosion, which rang in the multiverse, but the whole, shocked by the countless explosions, generates all the new universes, breeding in this way. If we already allowed themselves to compare the universe with a living being, then these bubbles arising in the multiverse, Remind ... Ikrinka: many of them will soon die, and only some will develop in huge, full lives of organisms - new universes. However, such a comparison is more likely worthy of the feather science fiction writer. However, we will not forget that the space is full of secrets, and maybe even our universe has the properties that we hard to imagine.

Great Attractor, Or Super Profit

At the beginning of the last decade of the past century, astronomers found that the galaxies are flying out in outer space, but huge clusters like flocks of birds during flights. So, the Milky Way Together with the Galaxies in the constellation of the Virgin, in the company with super-secure galaxies in the constellation, the hair of Veronica, as well as along with the other tremendous masses of cosmic matter, rushes at a speed of 600 kilometers per second in the direction of some unidentified, but unimaginably powerful source of gravity. Calculations show that the total mass of this object is equal to the mass of approximately ten thousand large galaxies.

American astronomer Alan Drazler, who called the mysterious, absorbing everything and the whole invisible object of the Great Atractor

And in this gigantic and at the same time a strange "ohut" is delayed almost half of the substance of the whole of our universe. And for many billions of years in this bottomless universal "Well", probably, so much matter was accumulated that even approximately his number nobody would dare to call. Trying to find at least some reasonable comparison, this bottomless "abyss" can be consecrated to a black hole in the center of our galaxy.

The famous American astronomer Alan Dressler called this mysterious, absorbing everything and the entire invisible object of a great attractor, or a great source of attraction (eng. "Attraction" means "burden"). However, to see anything in that endless gave, where our material world bears with a huge speed, until it was possible.

At first, trying to determine the nature of this object, scientists have advanced several hypotheses. So, according to one of them, the Great Attractor is a cluster of a new, unknown science, type of matter. Supporters of another hypothesis argued that it was nothing more than the "cosmic string", which arose in the "infant years" of our universe.

However, during the subsequent studies, it was found that the Great Attractor is a giant accumulation of galaxies. From him to the Milky Way - approximately 300 million light years. Located a great attractor in the sky of the southern hemisphere. It stretches from the constellations of Peacock and Indian to the constellation of sails.

It should be noted that the galaxies are moved not in one, but in various directions. That is, in the space reigns full Kavardak. And such a situation leads to the fact that there are often collisions in space, not only single galaxies, but also their clusters occur.

From the book 100 great lovers The author of Muromov Igor

Karl Great (742-814) Frankish king (from 768), emperor from the Caroling dynasty (from 800). His conquest (in the 773-774 years of the Langobard kingdom in Italy, in the 772-804 years of the Saxian region, etc.) led to the formation of an extensive empire. Charles Great Politics (the patronage of the Church,

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia (ka) author BSE

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia (LA) of the author BSE

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia (PE) author BSE

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia (AP) BSE

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia (ST) author BSE

From the book Taj Mahal and Treasures of India Author Ermakova Svetlana Evgenievna

The great Akbar Son Humayun, Akbar, ruled from 1556 to 1605, won a brilliant victory over the Afghan troops and installed the firm power of Mughal in North India. This was one of the greatest rulers of India. Akbar created an effective state management system and

From the book of 100 great prisoners by Jonina Nadezhda

Great Timur and his great captive Great Communion Timur fought a lot. Leaving the long-range markers to conquer new lands, the Terrible Lord led from there skillful masters and artisans, bricklayers and gold cases of masters, weales and gunsmiths, which could

From the book of 100 great commander Author Lanning Michael Lie

10. Cyrus Great Persian king (approx. 590 - approx. 529 BC. Er) Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire is one of the most ancient outstanding commander, which are preserved some reliable evidence. In the VI century BC. e. He conquered a mussel, Lydia, Babylon and united

From the book full illustrated encyclopedia of our delusions [with illustrations] Author Mazurkevich Sergey Alexandrovich

The great post in the morning after a terrible battlefield in Easter Pop approaches the refrigerator, pulls the beer bottle, drinks it with one sip and is so-off saying: - Beer is the right proof of what God is that he loves us and wants us to be happy ... from

From the book the great scams of the XX century. Volume 1. Author Golubitsky Sergey Mikhailovich

The Grand Frenchman Count Ferdinan-Marie De Lesseps was born in the family of an outstanding French diplomat. How outstanding - can be judged by the fact that Ferdan was born in Versailles, in close proximity to the Royal Palace. What is not surprising: de

From the book 100 of the great mysteries of astronomy Author Volkov Alexander Viktorovich

What is a "Great Attractor"? Until the beginning of the twentieth century, our galaxy was considered a unique object. Today we know that in an affordable observation part of the Universe, it is perhaps not less than 125 billion galaxies. In each of them - billions or trillions

From the book the author's encyclopedia of films. Tom II. by Lourcell Jacques

Great fracture 1945 - USSR (102 min)? . Lenfilm? Dir. Friedrich Hermler? Scenes. Boris Chirskov and Friedrich Ermler · Opera. Arkady rings · music. Gabriel Popov · Cast Mikhail Derzhavin (General Muravyev), Peter Andrievsky (General Vinogradov), Yuri Tolubeev (General Lavrov),

From the book of the calendar of an antirefyoznik for 1941 The author Mikhnevich D. E. > \u003e Great Attractor

Great attractor - Large gravitational anomaly of the Universe in the constellation of the Nagolnik: description, characteristics, weight, distance, map of clusters, influence.

In outer space there is an area where everything is attracted. To the most unfortunately, it is located on the opposite side of our Galaxy Milky Way, so it is not available for observation. But what is this object?

Let's follow our movement, because the universe is devoid of statics, and all the objects seek somewhere. Planet Earth makes turns around, and the solar system itself rushes through space at a speed of 2.2 million km / h. But where? Just walk in a circle? Or is it an ellipse? Maybe then there are still circles? And what happens to them?

Well, forget about circles and ellipses. Milky Way and other galaxies move, but to a specific place. It is located in 150 million light years. And although we do not see, with what we have, but he has the name - Great attractor(Great center of attraction).

Click on the image to enlarge it

Why can not be seen? Just the Great Attractor is hidden in the "Assignment Zone" of the Galaxy. This is a plot with lots of dust and gas, which closes the review. But we notice that all objects seek to this point, and therefore there is something there. Moreover, it must be a massive object or something, with which we have not come across.

For the first time O. Great Attractor It was seriously spoke in the 1970s. Of course, in the visible light no one could not see anything. But the devices that capture infrared and X-ray radiation develop. And what ultimately found? It was a huge super-defense of galaxies in the field of the Great Attractor. Now it is called the cluster of the nagolnik, whose mass reaches a trillion solar (accommodates thousands of galaxies).

Although the accumulation of the nagolite is massive and the galaxies tend to him, it still does not describe the whole picture. The mass of the Great Attractor does not reach such a magnitude to also back up such a craving. And here is the most interesting. If you trace the local galaxies and the attractor itself, it can be seen that they are still drawn to something else. This ultralocence whisper, within which 8000 galaxies are cohabitated, and by weight - 10 million billion solar. Within a billion light years, this is the most massive galactic accumulation.

In the space travel we are not, and gravity chooses the road. We are moving towards the Great Attractor. Although it may sound and frightening, but this is an ordinary galactic collection, which simply cannot see.

The Great Attractor is a huge mass of substances located at a distance of 250 million light years from the Milky Way.

general review

Briefly about the main thing

The Great Attractor is located in the South Hemisphere Sky. It extends from the constellations of Peacock and Indian to the constellation of sails. The mass of it approximately reaches 5 × 10 * 16 masses of our sun. In the center of the attractor there is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation of the Nagolnik, but it is almost completely hidden by the Milky Path. In the vicinity of the Great Attractor there is a lot of large galaxies, together they affect other ultrasounds with their gigantic attraction.

Mysterious structure in the universe

Overview of clusters and supercountability of 2mass galaxies. The Great Attractor is indicated on the right below.

Observation of the Great Attractor is difficult in the optical range. The plane of the Milky Way is responsible for numerous bright stars and dust, which make it difficult to observe.

The speed of movement of our local group of galaxies by 44% is due to the influence of the Great Attractor, and the rest is associated with the global attraction of the local universe. To be accurate, the Great Attractor itself moves in the direction of the superclassker whisper, which is 4 times more by weight!

Ultrasonic laniake and attractor

Laniakea is a group of superclauses, the size of 150 MPK. Blue point in the center is us.

I advise you to watch the three-dimensional visualization of the super-consumption laniake, which was represented by astronomers in 2014. In the supercountability of Lanieca includes the supercountability of the Virgin, which contains our native Galaxy Milky Way. You can imagine the entire area of \u200b\u200bthis ultra-discharge laniake as a valley that is surrounded by mountains from which streams flow to the bottom. The lower point of this valley is the Great Attractor, which is the heart of Lanieca and its center of gravity.