What is a Hamburg account. Hamburg account - the meaning of phraseological units

Probably, many have heard the expression "Hamburg account" - a phraseological unit, the meaning of which is not so easy to determine. On the other hand, the phrase has a rather interesting story that immediately determines its meaning.

Phraseologism means maximum freedom from corruption, dishonest judgments and subjective opinion in principle. By using this expression, the narrator excludes the possibility of dishonesty, falsehood, and even sympathy for a particular side of the fight.

It is easy to guess that the phraseological unit comes from Germany. We are talking about the Hamburg wrestlers who fought in ordinary taverns.

These fights were for underground entertainment. A self-respecting wrestler had to always keep fit and prove his status in the fight against a worthy opponent. This was the only way to become a champion in the Hamburg score.

The author of the catchphrase, Viktor Shklovsky, was impressed by such a routine in the sports environment and expressed his desire to apply similar requirements to literary figures. There is a legend that the writer first heard this expression in one of the Moscow restaurants from Ivan Poddubny, when he told how they tried to overcome him. However, at the moment, the Hamburg origin of the phrase has not been historically confirmed, the phraseological turnover is considered a fiction of Shklovsky himself.

The told story formed the basis of the prologue of the book by the writer "The Hamburg Account"

This legend has no exact confirmation. So, on the territory of Hamburg, no taverns were found in which battles were conducted under such harsh conditions.

There is a huge amount of speculation around this story, but the most reliable facts relate to the following:

Viktor Shklovsky is a Russian screenwriter and writer. In one of his articles, he suggested that strict requirements should be put forward for artists, the so-called Hamburg bill.
Phraseologism gained fame in the year of its formation - in 1928.
Some time after the publishing of the magazine in which the article was published, Shklovsky decided to soften his opinion somewhat. However, the phrase was so remembered in literary circles that it has not yet gone out of use.

As an expression "Hamburg account" can be used in modern times

Be that as it may, we are talking about an interesting and meaningful phrase. Therefore, it should be used when appropriate. It is unlikely that such an expression will be in harmony with colloquial speech, but it can decorate a report, work or intellectual conversation.

The expression can be used in the following situations:

to confirm the fairness of the court. For example: “The titles of athletes after the competition were awarded according to the Hamburg score”. That is, the impartiality of judges is evident;
to emphasize the absence of personal claims of the critic towards the subject. For example: “I agree, there are certain disagreements between us, but the work is done well, judging by the Hamburg score.” That is, the critic takes into account only those details that relate to the actual component of the task of his interlocutor;
to indicate the professionalism of the subject. For example: "I see no reason for your worries: according to the Hamburg account, the drawing is made with high quality." In this case, the phraseological unit acts as the highest scale of gradation;
to indicate a large amount of effort towards a goal. For example: “It seemed to me that it was unrealistic to cope with this overnight. As they say, I paid the Hamburg bill. " That is, not only all the conditions of the problem were fulfilled, but additional steps were taken;
to showcase your most cherished expectations. For example: “The position I have taken, in principle, suits me. But according to the Hamburg score it would be nice to be at least in third place ... ”That is, phraseological units are used in the meaning of a maximum, a kind of limit.

In this case, it is worth excluding the use of a phrase with the preposition "on", since such a formulation will already be incorrect.

How to write an essay on this topic at school

As with many such cases, it is important to point out the basic meaning of the word and provide a sufficient number of examples. The latter should be inserted in the course of covering a new fact in the essay.

The essay should indicate all existing versions of the origin of the phraseological unit

What data about the concept should be provided:

The essay should begin with a description of the main facts - the year the phraseological unit appeared, the author of the expression and the circumstances under which it was born. It will not be superfluous to mention that Viktor Shklovsky has repeatedly raised the issue of fair criticism in his works.
It is recommended to continue the story with an emphasis on the original meaning of the phrase. Mention that there are several explanations in the modern literature that differ.
To draw attention to the insignificance of such differences: the phrase unambiguously speaks of fairness, honesty of judgments and even some rigidity in attitudes. That is why once an ordinary phrase was able to become a phraseological unit and exist for almost a century.
It is recommended to continue the main part with a brief retelling of the history of the emergence of the catch phrase. Do not forget about the mention of the city in which the events took place - Hamburg. Because, otherwise, the whole logical chain of the narrative will be broken.
Towards the end of the work, it is desirable to pay tribute to the rashness of comparing a worthy result with the Hamburg score.

Examples to use:

Phraseologism in the sayings of sports commentators: "according to the Hamburg score, the team of the Democratic Republic of the Congo showed a worthy result." In practice, there are indeed frequent cases of using a phrase in such a context.
In the description of two competing teams in any area: “In management it is better to calculate your strength in advance and be ready for difficult work. The results will be judged by the Hamburg score ”.
The catch phrase in the description of court figures or critics: "The main principle of our judge is common sense and the Hamburg score."
Regarding motivation in any area: “You need to devote some time to study. I intend to evaluate my results according to the Hamburg score. "

What else should be considered when writing an essay:

In general, you need to understand that phraseological unit is closely related to the history of its origin. Therefore, it is practically meaningless if the narrator is not familiar with the short history of the term.

What is a Hamburg Account? If you do not know the real history of the appearance of this catch phrase in the Russian language, then you can put forward as many different versions as you like, and none of them will be correct. Meanwhile, the verbal turnover, firmly established in our speech, was born relatively recently. This is the rare case when we have the opportunity to name the exact date of the emergence of phraseological units.

The origin of the phraseological unit

The expression "Hamburg count" entered into everyday use thanks to the Soviet writer and publicist Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky. In 1928, a collection of essays and notes was published, where the author, as a literary critic, analyzes the creative activities of his contemporaries - fellow writers. The writer evaluates the works of Y. Olesha, M. Gorky, Vs. Ivanov, V. Khlebnikov, M. Zoshchenko, O. Mandelstam, M. Bulgakov, S. Yesenin, A. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky and many others.

Shklovsky's book "The Hamburg Account" contains a parable about Russian athletes performing in the circus arena. To please the audience, the fights in the classical or, as it was also called, French wrestling were short and planned in advance, were more indicative and artistic than sports in nature. But once a year, athletes went to Hamburg, Germany, where they held competitions in one of the inns closed to spectators in order to identify the real champion. Obviously, the meaning of the phraseological unit "Hamburg account" corresponds to such synonyms as "fair alignment" or "unadorned reality."

Artistic allegory

Modern researchers suggest that the historical fact described by Shklovsky did not exist in reality, and this author's fiction was created in order to become a platform for a playful ranking of writers of the first half of the 20th century. Shklovsky, having a fine command of the literary word and possessing an inexhaustible sense of humor, with a certain amount of sarcasm continued the story about identifying the winners among the wrestlers: "The Hamburg score is necessary in literature."

Further, the writer places his colleagues on the imaginary steps of the literary Olympus, which, in his opinion, they are worthy. The champion title goes to Velimir Khlebnikov, and Bulgakov finds himself in the role of a red-haired clown at the carpet. Probably, current school graduates will be interested in revealing the topic of the Hamburg account in an essay on the Unified State Exam. Moreover, the story invented by Shklovsky is not only beautiful and laconic. She was overgrown with some interesting facts. It was said that Mikhail Bulgakov took offense at this critical attack and for some time did not shake hands with its author. However, the phrase instantly gained popularity among writers, and then went beyond the literary environment.

The meaning and examples of the use of the idiom

Hamburg account ... We have already figured out what this short phrase means. Its meaning is interpreted quite simply: the true alignment, the real state of affairs, a true assessment. This expression is often used in a wide variety of areas of life. For example, you watched a film that, despite its brilliance, has no artistic value or you just didn't like it. Here you can be sarcastic: "By and large in Hamburg, that is, to be honest, this film is not worth a dime." And it doesn't matter if this opinion is strictly objective or based on your own, individual vision. This expression has long lost its fundamental meaning and is used with a touch of light, gentle humor.

Doubt of competence and deserved approval

Phraseologism is applicable to assess the professional or personal characteristics of a person: "He is, of course, not a bad guy, but, judging by the Hamburg score, he cannot be trusted with a serious matter." Most often, pronouncing this phrase, they try to reveal some shortcomings of an animate or inanimate object, event, phenomenon. Less often, praise can be heard here: "The work was done excellently, even according to the Hamburg score." The meaning invested in this verbal turnover serves as a kind of quality measure of the highest standard on the endless scale of universal human values.

Fixed exchange rate

Let's try to figure out whether this phrase existed outside of Shklovsky's work, does the writer have the palm in its creation? In the financial and credit sphere, there is such a concept as "banko", denoting the established rate at which the purchase and sale of securities is made. According to the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron," this term was first introduced by the Hamburg Bank at the beginning of the 18th century. As you know, until the 19th century, Germany was an imperial union of many sovereign states, each of which had its own currency. Gold thalers not only were worn out during long use, lost their original weight, but they were not always accepted for calculations in adjacent lands.

Only in a bank in Hamburg could the currency of any of the German states be deposited into the account. One conventional coin (marka-banco) had a denomination of 528 ac of pure gold. Since 1763, the Hamburg account has been adopted by financial institutions in many countries of the world. Coins were minted in England, Denmark, Sweden, Prussia, and were accepted in Dutch, Italian, German and other banks. With the introduction of the metric system, such a settlement mechanism gradually began to lose its position, and in the territory of the united Germany it was abolished in 1873.

The most accurate way of bank payments

The phraseologism "Hamburg account", according to historians, most likely originated in the accounting field and was known to a narrow circle of professionals. At a time when there was no complex computer technology, and all mathematical calculations were performed manually, the so-called Hamburg method was in use, which made it possible to obtain the most accurate results.

This method of converting bank balances was considered laborious, and therefore was used only in special cases. It must be assumed that in the 20s of the last century, when Shklovsky was creating the note that became famous, the main tool of a financial worker was abacus with wooden knuckles. Information about a special ultra-precise technique could be heard.

How legends are born

It is likely that Viktor Shklovsky could have known both the existence of the Hamburg settlement system and the universal currency of European banks. But, you see, the legend about wrestling competitions looks much more romantic and attractive to readers than plunging into the jungle of financial office work. Apparently, it was these considerations that Shklovsky was guided by when creating his note.

If the writer had not clothed this expression in an artistic form, it is unlikely that it would have become known to a wide circle of the reading public and went out to the people. An indisputable fact: many proverbs and sayings that are considered popular are actually lines from works of authorship. Suffice it to recall the phrase "stay at the broken trough", which came out of Pushkin's fairy tale "About the goldfish", or the wonderful expression "happy hours do not watch" presented to us by A. S. Griboyedov. Today catch phrases are included in our speech thanks to the extraordinary works of filmmakers, the skill of actors, the ingenuity of the artists of the spoken genre, the talent of songwriters and even the not always folding speeches of some politicians.

A term adopted in social psychology

Interestingly, the phrase "Hamburg account" today is a semi-official term used in social psychology to determine the true status of an individual in society. The real position of the individual, according to the conclusions of individual studies, often does not correspond to its formal position at the level of the social ladder assigned to it. To find out the real status of a particular subject, experts resort to a method conventionally called the Hamburg account. This word turnover is present in the professional slang of practicing psychologists and is even used in thematic reports and publications. Allowing ourselves to joke a little, let's say that Viktor Shklovsky not only enriched his native speech with a beautiful catch phrase, but also contributed to modern science.

Film by German filmmakers

Many times I have heard the statement that the phraseological unit "Hamburg account" exists only in Russian. But in 1999, a feature film made in Germany was released, in the title of which this verbal turnover appears. What does it mean? Did director Söncke Wortmann, who shot a story about the events of Friday night in one of the districts of the port city, know our idiom?

The question is solved quite simply. The original title of the film is "St. Pauli Nacht". And in the "Hamburg Account" the film was renamed for the Russian distribution according to the idea of \u200b\u200bdomestic translators, since the plot develops in Hamburg. Of course, it worked out well. In any case, it is capacious and recognizable. But, unfortunately, this film has nothing to do with the works of Viktor Shklovsky, the work of Russian writers and the legend about athletes.

The expression "Hamburg score" meant the intention of Russian circus wrestlers of the late XIX - early XX century to reveal in their midst the really strongest. Usually in the circus arena, the winner of the fight was determined in advance - by agreement. But once a year, the wrestlers, who seemed to converge far from the public and employers in a Hamburg inn, found out in a fair fight who of them was actually stronger than the others.

The Hamburg Account is an extremely important concept.
All fighters, when they are fighting, cheat and lie down on their shoulder blades at the order of the entrepreneur.
Once a year, wrestlers gather in the Hamburg tavern.
They fight with closed doors and hung windows.
Long, ugly and hard.
Here the true classes of wrestlers are established, so as not to get fooled.
The Hamburg score is needed in literature.
According to the Hamburg score, there are no Serafimovich and Veresaev.
They don't reach the city.
In Hamburg - Bulgakov at the carpet.
Babel is lightweight.
Bitter is doubtful (often out of shape).
Khlebnikov was a champion.
Victor Shklovsky. Hamburg account. L. 1928

Viktor Shklovsky's definition of a place “at the carpet” for Mikhail Bulgakov was insulting because of the allusion to a clown who entertained the audience in the circus at the carpet. This was the reason for the complication of relations between the two writers. It is known that Shklovsky later changed his mind.

There is an assumption that by association with the "Hamburg score" by Viktor Shklovsky, the catch phrase "by and large" that appeared later in the novel by Veniamin Kaverin "Fulfillment of Desires" became a popular expression.

Spread

The legend of Ivan Poddubny did not find documentary evidence, historians of Hamburg and modern restaurant owners do not know anything about the wrestling competitions that took place in a Hamburg tavern at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Nevertheless, thanks to the book of the same name by Viktor Shklovsky, the expression "Hamburg account", which has become widespread in Russian, has become winged and popular not only in the literary environment, but also much wider.

Psychologists use it, in particular, to identify the real, and not the official place of the individual in the status hierarchy.

... First of all, the "Hamburg score" is relevant when a social psychologist-practitioner works with small groups, determining their current state and trajectory of development, identifying the reasons for the low functionality of both explicit and potential conflicts ...

Outside the Russian language, this expression causes difficulties with translation due to the lack of a concept in other languages \u200b\u200band the polysemy of the Russian word " score". Douglas Robinson (eng.)russian offers three options: eng. The Hamburg Score / Rankings / Account for the title of Shklovsky's work, noting that the English. score, rankings better describe the allusion to wrestling competitions, but Richard Sheldon used the English. account .

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Notes

Literature

Walter Harry. // Problems of history, philology, culture. - 2011. - No. 3. - S. 199-204.
Jutta limbach... Ausgewanderte Wörter. Eine Auswahl der interessantesten Beiträge zur internationalen Ausschreibung "Ausgewanderte Wörter". In: Deutscher Sprachrat, Goethe-Institut (Hrsg.): Wörter wandern um die Welt. Hueber, Ismaning 2006 (3.Auflage 2008), ISBN 978-3-19-107891-1

Excerpt from the Hamburg Account

The first shots had not yet fizzled out, when more were heard, more and more, merging and interrupting one another.
Napoleon rode up with his retinue to the Shevardinsky redoubt and dismounted. The game has begun.

Returning from Prince Andrei to Gorki, Pierre, having ordered the bereader to prepare the horses and wake him up early in the morning, immediately fell asleep behind the partition, in the corner that Boris had conceded to him.
When Pierre completely regained consciousness the next morning, there was no one else in the hut. Glass rattled in small windows. The Roughrider stood pushing him.
- Your Excellency, Your Excellency, Your Excellency ... - persistently, not looking at Pierre and, apparently, having lost hope of waking him, swinging him by the shoulder, the bereader said.
- What? Began? Is it time? - Pierre spoke, waking up.
“If you please hear the firing,” said the bereiter, a retired soldier, “all the gentlemen have already been promoted, the lords themselves have long passed.
Pierre hastily dressed and ran out onto the porch. It was clear, fresh, dewy and cheerful outside. The sun, having just escaped from behind the cloud that obscured it, splashed half-broken rays through the roofs of the opposite street, onto the dew-covered dust of the road, onto the walls of houses, onto the windows of the fence, and onto Pierre's horses standing by the hut. The rumble of the cannons was heard more clearly in the courtyard. An adjutant with a Cossack sped down the street.
- It's time, count, it's time! - shouted the adjutant.
Ordering to lead the horse, Pierre walked down the street to the mound, from which he had looked at the battlefield yesterday. On this mound there was a crowd of military men, and one could hear the French dialect of the staff, and one could see the gray head of Kutuzov with his white cap with a red band and a gray nape sunk into his shoulders. Kutuzov looked into the pipe ahead along the high road.
Entering the steps of the entrance to the mound, Pierre looked ahead of him and froze with admiration for the beauty of the spectacle. It was the same panorama that he had admired yesterday from this mound; but now the whole area was covered with troops and the smoke of gunfire, and the slanting rays of the bright sun rising from behind, to the left of Pierre, threw at her in the clear morning air, penetrating with a golden and pink tint of light and dark, long shadows. The distant forests, ending the panorama, as if carved out of some kind of precious yellow-green stone, were seen by their curved line of peaks on the horizon, and between them, behind Valuev, the great Smolensk road, all covered with troops, cut through. Gold fields and woods shone closer. Troops were visible everywhere — in front, on the right, and on the left. All this was lively, majestic and unexpected; but what struck Pierre most of all was the view of the battlefield itself, Borodino and the hollow above the Kolocha on both sides of it.
Above the Kolocha, in Borodino and on both sides of it, especially to the left, where in the swampy shores of the Voyna flows into the Kolocha, there was that fog that melts, spreads and shines through when the bright sun comes out and magically colors and outlines everything that can be seen through it. This fog was joined by the smoke of shots, and over this fog and smoke lightning bolts of morning light shone everywhere - now over the water, now through the dew, now over the bayonets of the troops crowding along the banks and in Borodino. Through this fog one could see a white church, in some places the roofs of Borodin's huts, in some places solid masses of soldiers, in some places green boxes, cannons. And it all moved, or seemed to be moving, because fog and smoke were streaming all over this space. As in this area, the lower reaches near Borodino, covered with fog, and outside it, above and especially to the left along the entire line, through the forests, through the fields, in the lower reaches, on the tops of elevations, were born incessantly by themselves, out of nothing, cannon, now lonely, now gurt, now rare, now frequent clouds of smoke, which, swelling, growing, swirling, merging, could be seen throughout this space.
These smoke of shots and, strange to say, their sounds produced the main beauty of the spectacle.
Puff! - suddenly there was a round, dense smoke playing with lilac, gray and milky white flowers, and boom! - the sound of this smoke was heard in a second.
“Poof poof” - two smoke rose, pushing and merging; and "boom boom" - sounds confirmed what the eye saw.
Pierre looked back at the first smoke, which he left as a round, dense ball, and already in its place there were balls of smoke stretching to the side, and a poof ... (with a stop) poof poof - three more, four more, and for each, with the same constellations, boom ... boom boom boom - beautiful, solid, faithful sounds answered. It seemed that these smokes were running, that they were standing, and forests, fields and shining bayonets ran past them. On the left side, across the fields and bushes, these large smokes with their solemn echoes were incessantly generated, and nearer still, along the lower lands and forests, small haze of guns that did not have time to round out flashed and gave their little echoes in the same way. Fuck ta ta tah - guns crackled, although often, but incorrectly and poorly compared to gun shots.
Pierre wanted to be where there were these smokes, these shiny bayonets and guns, this movement, these sounds. He looked back at Kutuzov and his retinue to check his impression with others. Everyone was exactly the same as he, and, as it seemed to him, with the same feeling looked forward to the battlefield. All faces now shone that latent warmth (chaleur latente) of a feeling that Pierre noticed yesterday and which he understood completely after his conversation with Prince Andrew.
- Go, darling, go, Christ is with you, - said Kutuzov, not taking his eyes off the battlefield, to the general who stood beside him.
Having listened to the order, this general walked past Pierre, to the descent from the mound.
- To the crossing! - coldly and sternly said the general in response to a question from one of the staff, where he was going. "Both I and I," thought Pierre and followed the general in the direction.
The general sat on a horse, which the Cossack gave him. Pierre went up to his master, who was keeping the horses. Asking which is quieter, Pierre climbed onto the horse, grabbed the mane, pressed the heels of his twisted legs to the horse's belly and, feeling that his glasses were falling off and that he could not take his hands from the mane and the reins, galloped after the general, arousing the smiles of the staff, from the mound of those who looked at him.

The general, behind whom Pierre was galloping, having gone downhill, turned sharply to the left, and Pierre, having lost sight of him, jumped into the ranks of the infantry soldiers walking in front of him. He tried to drive out of them now to the right, now to the left; but everywhere there were soldiers, with equally worried faces, busy with some invisible, but obviously important business. All with the same displeased questioning glance looked at this fat man in a white hat, for no reason, who was trampling them with his horse.
- What is driving in the middle of the battalion! One shouted at him. Another pushed his horse with the butt, and Pierre, leaning against the bow and barely holding the backing horse, jumped ahead of the soldier, where it was more spacious.
There was a bridge in front of him, and other soldiers were standing by the bridge, shooting. Pierre drove up to them. Without knowing it, Pierre drove to the bridge across the Kolocha, which was between Gorki and Borodino, and which in the first action of the battle (having occupied Borodino) was attacked by the French. Pierre saw that there was a bridge in front of him, and that on both sides of the bridge and in the meadow, in those rows of lying hay that he had noticed yesterday, soldiers were doing something in the smoke; but in spite of the incessant shooting that took place in this place, he did not think that this was the battlefield. He did not hear the sounds of bullets squealing from all directions, and shells flying over him, did not see the enemy who was on the other side of the river, and for a long time did not see the dead and wounded, although many fell near him. With a smile that never left his face, he looked around him.

Hamburg account

Hamburg account
The title of the collection of literary critical articles (1928) by the Soviet writer, screenwriter, theorist of cinema and literature Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky (1893-1984). Under the same title, he placed there a short programmatic article with which he opened the book. In the article, he explained the meaning of this expression. Shklovsky writes that it was born in the German sports environment: “The Hamburg score is an extremely important concept. All fighters, when they are fighting, cheat and lie on their shoulder blades at the order of the entrepreneur. Once a year, wrestlers gather in the Hamburg tavern. They fight with closed doors and curtained windows. Long, ugly and hard. Here the true classes of wrestlers are established - so as not to get fooled. The Hamburg account is essential in literature. "
And in the same place Shklovsky named a number of writers of those years who, in his opinion, cannot stand this Hamburg count. Then the critic changed his mind, but the article went down in the history of the Russian language already because it gave birth to this expression, which became popular first in the writers, and then in the creative environment in general.
At present, it is generally accepted that Shklovsky's interpretation of the concept of "Hamburg score" is based on legend or simply inaccurate information, since in modern Hamburg none of its residents (neither restaurant owners, nor city historians) knows anything about any competitions held in local "taverns".
Sense of expression: to consider the result of any case, someone's work from a purely professional position.
Usually the expression is used in the form "to judge (about something) by the Hamburg score".

Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M .: "Lokid-Press"... Vadim Serov. 2003.

See what "Hamburg score" is in other dictionaries:

Hamburg account - (in social psychology) the definition of the actual, real, objective position of the individual on the steps of any "ranking ladder", as a rule, as opposed to its official and at the same time often formal status. It should be noted that hardly ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

hamburg account - about the assessment of something without discounts and concessions, with the utmost exactingness. From the collection of critical articles by V. Shklovsky entitled "The Hamburg Account" (1928). In the preface, Shklovsky wrote that he heard the expression according to the Hamburg account from ... ... Phraseology reference

This term has other meanings, see Bolshoi Theater (meanings). Bolshoi Theater ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Shklovsky. Victor Shklovsky Victor Shklovsky Birth name ... Wikipedia

Mani Matter Hans Peter Matter Date of birth: 4 August 1936 (1936 08 04) Place of birth: X… Wikipedia

Birth name: Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky Date of birth: 12 (24) January 1893 Place of birth: St. Petersburg Date of death: 5 December 1984 Place of death ... Wikipedia

Victor Shklovsky Victor Shklovsky Birth name: Victor Borisovich Shklovsky Date of birth: 12 (24) January 1893 Place of birth: Saint Petersburg Date of death: 5 December 1984 Place of death ... Wikipedia

Books

Public loneliness, Mikhalkov Nikita Sergeevich Series: Publisher: Eksmo,
Public loneliness, Mikhalkov Nikita Sergeevich, What does the chief director of the country think about love and life? What is the attitude of the master of cinema to power and democracy? Does he take offense when he is called a master? And why does world fame always lead ... Series: Mikhalkov N. Books of the famous actor and director Publisher:

The Hamburg Account is the title of Viktor Shklovsky's collection of literary-critical articles published in 1928. In a short programmatic article, which opens the collection, the author himself explains the meaning of the book's title: " The Hamburg Account is an extremely important concept. All fighters, when they are fighting, cheat and lie down on their shoulder blades at the order of the entrepreneur. Once a year, wrestlers gather in the Hamburg tavern. They fight with closed doors and hung windows. Long, ugly and hard. Here the true classes of wrestlers are established - so as not to be fooled". According to A. P. Chudakov, commentator of the modern edition of the book, the real basis of this plot for Shklovsky became the oral story of the circus wrestler Ivan Poddubny. However, it is much more likely that the authorship of the expression" Hamburg score "belongs to Shklovsky himself. Immediately became a catch phrase, especially fashionable in the literary environment, the expression " hamburg account " serves as the equivalent of an impartial assessment of something without discounts and concessions, with the utmost exactingness... It is possible that the equally popular phraseological unit " by and large", which has the same meaning, is nothing more than a transformation of Shklovsky's notions. For the first time in literature, the phrase" by and large "is found in the novel" Fulfillment of Desires "(1935), created by Veniamin Kaverin, a writer close to Shklovsky's circle. today the expression " by Hamburg account"- contamination of two phraseological units invented by writers.

The critic Irina Rodnyanskaya in the article "Hamburg Hedgehog in the Fog" ( New world. - 2001.- № 3), devoted to the problems of literary strategies of today, notes: “Shklovsky could have been satisfied - almost like Dostoevsky, who was proud of the enrichment of the Russian language with the verb“ to shake off. ”The expression“ Hamburg count ”separated from the parable he told in the 1920s and went not so long ago, even the most colorful Duma deputy publicly threatened to judge someone “according to the great Hamburg score.” They laughed at the deputy amicably. But in vain. "big score", believing that it lies somewhere nearby. Yes, so long ago it seemed not to him alone.

"Hamburg account"(it has become customary to understand) - this is a large aesthetic score in literature, art. Revealing the first, second, and last places on the scale of the genuine, present." Big "- because it opposes" small "accounts, conducted by officialdom, "Big" - because it appeals to "big time", in whose epochal contours the fog will dissipate, soap bubbles will burst and everything will fall into place. comparing signals from there with his aesthetic instrument. "