Administrative and legal status of the President of the Russian Federation and the system of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, the President of Russia - the head of state and the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen; The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state, but in fact he and the head of the executive power.

§ 1 Institute of Inheritance in Antiquity Inheritance - one of the most important institutions of civil law. The mention of inheritance can be found in the most first written sources: Schumer's clay signs, Egyptian papyrus, etc. Relations related to

2.7. The Institute of Citizenship in the Russian Federation, the concept and principles of citizenship in the Russian Federation citizenship - a sustainable legal relationship of a person with a state, expressed in the aggregate of their mutual rights, duties and responsibilities, based on the recognition and respect for the dignity of the main

The Commission Institute and Organized Crime Crime as a negative social phenomenon, naturally inherent in any society, where there is a state and law, develops in accordance with the objective living conditions of society. In recent years we have

Federal Agency for Education

State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

Russian State Humanitarian University

Branch in Naro-Fominsk

Faculty of document learning

Specialty - Document Studies

and documentation support

office

Tymoshenko Alexander Viktorovich

Institute of Presidency in the Russian Federation

Course work

under the discipline "Modern organization of state institutions of Russia"

student I Course Group Dow 1-5

Scientific adviser-

associate Professor, K.I.N. Shapovalova ld

Naro-Fominsk 2007

Introduction

Chapter 1. Prerequisites for the introduction of the Institute of the Presidency in Russia

Chapter 2. Presidential place in the system of government bodies.

Chapter 3. Development of legislation on the election of the President of the Russian Federation in 1991-2000

Chapter 4. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation

§one. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation related to the legislative bodies

§ 2. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation related to the executive authorities

§ 3. The powers of the President of the Russian Federation associated with the judicial authorities

§ 4. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of defense of the country and security of the state

§ 5. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of foreign policy

§ 6. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation in relation to the subjects of the Federation

§ 7. Other powers of the President of the Russian Federation

Chapter 5. The main structures of the institute of the presidency in Russia

§ 1. Administration of the President of the Russian Federation

§ 2. Security Council of the Russian Federation

§ 3. Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation

§ 4. State Council of the Russian Federation

Conclusion

List of used sources and literature

List of adopted cuts

Appendix 1. Structure of the Presidential Institute in the Russian Federation

Appendix 2. The structure of interdepartmental commissions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation

Introduction

Democratic transformations conducted in the Russian Federation in the early 90s led to the need to search for a new model of state power organization. The basis of such a model was the generally recognized principle of the separation of the authorities, as well as the introduction of the Institute of Presidential Power. For Russia, this institute was new. Since May 1991, when he was introduced in the Russian Federation, a certain experience was accumulated, which requires generalization. In the Russian Federation there was a formation, not only the institution of presidential power, but also parliamentarism, an independent judiciary, executive authorities.

The purpose of this work is to identify the characteristics of the Institute of Presidential Power in the Russian Federation.

Work tasks are as follows:

· Explore the formation of the Institute of Presidential Power in the Russian Federation and its interaction with other authorities;

· Show changes in the legislation on the election of the President of the Russian Federation;

· To analyze the powers of the President of the Russian Federation in various fields of its activities;

· To analyze the activities of the Structures of the Presidential Institute in the Russian Federation.

To write this work, literature was used, in which the regularities of the establishment of the Institute of Presidential Power in Russia, its place in state authorities, the problems of the formation and effective functioning of this institution, such as the monograph G.V. Dögteva "The Formation and Development of the Presidential Institute in Russia", considering and analyzing aspects of the Institute of Presidential in the Russian Federation, its place in the system of state authorities, the problems of the functioning and formation of this institution in the Russian Federation, as well as the prospects for the development of the presidency in Russia, and the textbook .G. Arkhipova and E.P. Malysheva under the "modern organization of state institutions of Russia", in the III section of which is considering the formation and development of the Institute of the Presidency in the Russian Federation. Also, the study of the above issues was used by such sources as the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the federal laws of the Russian Federation "On the Fundamentals of the State Service of the Russian Federation", "On the election of the President of the Russian Federation", the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation "On the authorized representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the region of the Russian Federation", "On the Authority Security Council of the Russian Federation "," On additional measures to improve the structure of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation "," On the authorized representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District "," On the State Council of the Russian Federation "," On the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation ".

This work contains 5 chapters:

· Chapter 1 is devoted to the premises of the introduction of the Presidential Institute in Russia, as well as its formation at the initial stage;

· Chapter 2 addresses the competence of the President on cooperation with other state authorities;

· Chapter 3 analyzes the development of the legislation on the election of the President of the Russian Federation;

· Chapter 4 characterizes presidential powers in various fields of its activities;

· Chapter 5 discloses the mechanism of functioning and the structure of the presidential power in the Russian Federation.

Chapter 1. Prerequisites for the introduction of the Institute of the Presidency in Russia

In March 1990, the President of the USSR was established on the 3rd congress of people's deputies. It became clear that the president is needed and Russia - as a higher officer who will take care of the strengthening of independence, the representation and protection of his interests.

The choice of the optimal model of the institute of the presidency in Russia has become one of the key problems in the preparation of the draft new Constitution of Russia. The Constitutional Commission was the question: to be the president of the head of executive, or the executive power should be headed by the Government. The Constitutional Commission was supported by a version of the Presidential Republic, which was embodied with minor corrections in the law "On the President of the RSFSR" of 1991.

In the development of the presidential model, there was a question, or the president should be responsible for the people for the sovereignty of the state, for the reliability and integrity of the state system, for the reasonable cooperation of state bodies, or it should be a business government manager. It was decided that "the president should not be the All-Russian" Manager ". It must manage power, based on the strict separation of power functions. The role of "administration" was to take on the government - the Council of Ministers, elected by Parliament and responding to him. " The critics of the institution in the system of state bodies of the RSFSR of the president, it was considered that the real conditions for the concentration of power are created in the hands of one person, and that the establishment of the post of President of Russia will help not strengthen the SSR Union, but its destruction. Supporters of the Presidential Institute proved the inability of the Deputy Corps to conduct radical changes in the political and economic life of the state, they contrasted the legislative power of mobile executive power.

The concept of the institute of the presidency, where the President is the head of the executive and the highest official seemed to many deputies more democratic than the same institute of power at the SSR Union level.

Article 5 of the Law "On the Presidency of the RSFSR" of April 24, 1991, he consolidated the presidential powers who became the foundation of the Institute of Presidential in Russia, combining the two main components of the status of the President: the actual head of the state and the constitutional head of the executive.

But even with such major changes in the highest bodies of Russia, the main role was still played by the Congress and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, because All the powers of the president were determined by the Parliament himself; Budget, all presidential programs, its administration, the entire executive power was funded by parliament; Parliament reserved the right to cancel any presidential decree; Parliament reserved the right to detect the President of the Russian Federation. Apparently, therefore, from 898 participating in the voting of people's deputies, 690 was expressed for the approval of the law "On the President of the RSFSR"

After the referendum, the Laws of the RSFSR were adopted on April 24, 1991 "On the President of the RSFSR", "On the elections of the President of the RSFSR" and dated June 27, 1991 "On joining the post of President of the RSFSR". Relevant changes and additions to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, in which a special chapter has appeared. Based on these legislation, the first president of Russia was elected through universal, direct, equal elections in secret ballot June 12, 1991. B.N. became them Yeltsin, who previously held the position of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

The introduction of the post of President of Russia has become a consequence of progressive democratic processes in Russian society and in its political system. It reflected the process of transformation of political power from the system of party bodies and organizations to the system of government agencies and organizations, including the President's Institute and Tips.

There were other reasons:

First, the desire to fill in the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR, a kind of "vacuum", which arose in the process of conducting economic and political reforms, when "the old system in which the party was the Supreme Governance of Heal and is dismantled. The processes occurring turned out to be unshameded to the properly creating strong mutual mutual and interconversion structures in the state system, the role of which was performed before the party. "

Secondly, the need to change federative ties. The President of the RSFSR was supposed to act as a coordinator in relations between sovereign republics.

Thirdly, the need to have integrating force not only in the political system of society and the system of separation of the authorities, but also in society itself.

Fourth need to strengthen the executive and increasing management efficiency.

In addition, the establishment of the post of President of the President of the RSFSR was associated with a certain extent with the need for the efficiency of the presidential authority to make rapid decisions on the current issues requiring operational interference.

The President of the RSFSR in accordance with the legislation of 1991 was endowed with broad powers. He possessed traditional legislative powers for the heads of all states; Signed and unveiled the laws adopted by the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and could return the law to re-examined to the Supreme Council (the authority did not apply to the acts of the Supreme Legislative Body - the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR), possessed the law of the legislative initiative.

The president was endowed with broad powers in the field of executive authority: appointed and dismissed all members of the Council of Ministers (the consent of the Supreme Council was required only for the appointment of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and for the adoption by the President's resignation as a whole); Takes measures to ensure state and public security, etc.

However, the presidency Institute in Russia until December 12, 1993 did not fully denied the farthest in the councils, since the president's accountability was consolidated by the congress of people's deputies.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1400 dated September 21, 1993 "On the dissolution of the Supreme Council, the congress of the People's Deputies of Russia and the election to the Federal Assembly and Elections of the President of the Russian Federation" broke the current state system and actually introduced the presidential republic. "Damage was made under the Soviet form of the state organization in Russia. Following the Supreme Council, the tips of the lower levels were eliminated. "

On December 12, 1993, elections were held in new legislative bodies and a referendum on the new Constitution. According to the 1993 Constitution, the President is in the system of federal state bodies formed after 1993, a special provision that will be discussed below.

Thus, from all of the above, it can be concluded that in the early 1990s, the introduction of the institute of the presidency in Russia was vital, due to the established political and economic situation. It reflected the process of transformation of political power from the system of party bodies and organizations to the system of government agencies and organizations, including the Institute of Presidency and Tips.

Chapter 2. Presidential place in the system of government bodies

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the president of the Russian Federation is played in the state system. The status of the head of state is predetermined by its powers to ensure the unity and sustainability of the system of state power, its effective functioning in the context of the government to the legislative, executive and judicial. The president must provide a provision in which all government bodies fulfill their constitutional duties within their competence.

The position of the president in the system of government bodies is associated with the constitutional prerogatives of the head of state in relation to the executive authority.

Announced by broad powers and constantly interacting president and the government are two independent states of state power, largely come into contact when performing functions assigned to them. The relationship between the President of the Russian Federation with the government is governed not only by the Constitution, but also by federal laws

The President provides coordinated functioning and interaction of the government and other authorities, primarily with the chambers of the Federal Assembly.

The president may influence the activities of the government: approves the structures of federal executive bodies; appoints deputy chairmen of the government and ministers; The right to chair the government meetings; control over the legality of his acts; Direct subordination to him by the power departments. The President has the right to send the government to resign, or accept the resignation of the prime minister, which entails the resignation of the government as a whole.

In this regard, the government executive authorities are more closely related to the president, rather than other branches of power.

In the forensic area, the President of the Russian Federation presents the advice of the candidacy federations for appointing the judges of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Arbitration Court. The turn, in solving the issue of rejoicing the president, the Supreme Court makes a conclusion that there are signs of a crime in the actions of the president; The Constitutional Court makes conclusion about complying with the established procedure for nomination of the charge.

The unifying function of the President of the Russian Federation manifests itself in the fact that it, according to the Constitution, provides coordinated functioning and interaction of government bodies. The president was granted the right to use conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation, as well as between the state authorities of these subjects.

The basis of regulating relations between the President and the Federal Assembly is to ensure the independence and independence of these power institutions, but this does not mean that they are fully separated. On the one hand, mandatory relationships are established between them (president's appeal to the Federal Assembly, submission by the President of the bills, candidates for the respective posts). On the other hand, there is a system of counterweights in the form of the possibility of presidential president from office and dissolution by the President of the Federal Assembly. The President has the right to take decrees and orders. The President may reject the federal law adopted by the State Duma, but in the prescribed manner the State Duma and the Council of Federations can overcome this veto.

The President has a number of consulting bodies: the Security Council established by the Presidential Decree of June 3, 1992 and the State Council formed on September 1, 2000, where he presides. The President also forms his administration and implements the general leadership of it. At the same time, the administration itself is not the authority. The structure of the presidential authority includes Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President in federal districts.

By implementing its constitutional powers, the president through its authorized representatives in the State Duma, the Council of Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation interacts with the legislative and judicial branches of the government.

The place of the president in the system of state authorities was determined not immediately. With the introduction of the Presidential Institute and the election of the First President of the RSFSR, the basis of the constitutional crisis was laid in the RSFSR. The crisis was predetermined by half the Constitutional reform of 1990-1991, when elements of the rules of separation mechanism were introduced into the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978 and the position of President of the RSFSR was introduced, while maintaining the uncertain status of the congress of people's deputies as the highest authority of the state authority, which has the right to accept to its consideration and decide Any question related to the maintenance of the RSFSR. This led to the contradictions of constitutional norms that did not distinguish the powers of the executive, legislative and judiciary.

It provoked the confrontation and opposition to the formal powers of the executive authority led by the President of the RSFSR and the legislative bodies represented by the congress of the People's Deputies and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.

Replacing the Councils of People's Deputies Another system of representative institutions in 1993 was a decision of the union of contradictions in the system of state power. All issues and problems concerning the relationship and interaction of the head of state and parliament were formulated in the draft new Constitution of 1993.

The 1993 Constitution put a point in disagreements between the President and Parliament. Parliament became in the literal sense by the legislative body and status aligned with other branches of power, thereby ensuring the necessary constitutional balance.

Chapter 3. Development of legislation on the election of the President of the Russian Federation in 1991-2000

The legislation on the election of the President of the Russian Federation is based on constitutional basics. So the President of the Russian Federation who has reached 35 years permissive in the territory of the Russian Federation for at least 10 years can be elected the president.

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the procedure for choosing the president is determined by federal law. The first such law was adopted on April 24, 1991, the second - "On the elections of the President of the Russian Federation" - April 21, 1995, making a number of changes. So if the President of the RSFSR was elected for a period of five years, then the President of the Russian Federation was now elected for four years on the basis of universal equal and direct election law during a secret ballot. The election of the President of the RSFSR was appointed by the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, now - the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly.

The Federal Law provided the right to nominate the president directly to the voters and electoral associations. The candidates have the right to nominate the election blocks created for the period of the presidential elections of the President of the Russian Federation.

According to the 1991 law, presidential candidates could be put forward by republican political parties, professional unions and mass socio-political movements. Also dealt with the right to nominate candidates, labor collectives, meetings of citizens at the place of residence and servicemen on military units. The vote bulletin included candidates supported by 100 thousand citizens, as well as candidates who received support for at least one fifth from the total number of people's deputies of the RSFSR.

The 1995 Law establishes a clearer and strict procedure for nominating candidates for the presidency. Electoral associations put forward candidates at the congresses of secret ballot. Citizens have implemented their right to directly nominate the candidate by creating an initiative group of voters in the amount of at least 100 people, which were then registered in the Central Election Commission.

As before, election associations and initiative groups of voters were collected in support of voter signature candidates. Now it was necessary to collect at least 1 million voter signatures, and no more than 7% of the required number of signatures should have to be accounted for one entity of the Russian Federation.

A number of clarifications in the electoral legislation made a third federal law on the election of the President of the Russian Federation, adopted on December 31, 1999. The law has stored the basic principles of the electoral system contained in the 1995 law. In addition, the law contained a number of new provisions. The law provided for a clearer norm on the term of office of the President of the Russian Federation: he takes office after the expiration of four years from the day the president of the president elected in previous elections. Guarantees of ensuring equal status of candidates were strengthened. The law has established a wider list of documents provided by the presidential candidate. In the Central Election Commission, information about the amount and sources of income, information about the property is not only a candidate, but also its closest relatives.

The 1999 Law provided a candidate a number of guarantees, including a material nature that ensure its independence. The candidate for the position of the president could not be brought to criminal responsibility, arrested or subjected to measures of administrative recovery imposed in court, without the consent of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation.

In 2003, the fourth federal law of January 10, 2003 "On the elections of the President of the Russian Federation" entered into force

He complemented the 1999 Law. It refined the order of self-nomination of the candidate, as well as the procedure for nominating a candidate by a political party or the electoral block. It also established a voting day at the next election of the president - the second Sunday of March.

The 2000 law prescribed in detail the provisions concerning the financial component of the presidential election, providing candidates of airtal time and printed area.

Thus, fundamental changes in the electoral legislation did not occur, however, a number of crucial provisions were introduced, such as: the introduction of a clear norm of the deadlines of the president; Strengthened guarantees of equal status of the candidate; Providing a number of guarantees by the candidate; A broader list of documents submitted by the candidate for the position of President of the Russian Federation, and the order of self-nomination of the candidate was also clarified. Also the day of voting was established at the next elections of the President of the Russian Federation.

Chapter 4. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation

The powers of the president cover several areas:

1) powers related to state authorities;

2) the powers associated with the activities of the executive bodies of state power;

3) powers related to the activities of judicial authorities;

4) powers in the defense and security of the state;

5) powers in the field of foreign policy;

6) other powers.

§one. Powers of the President of the Russian Federation related to the legislative bodies

For the President of the Russian Federation, the Constitution imposed a number of powers related to the activities of the State Duma. The president appoints the election of the DG in connection with the expiration of its term, as well as in the case of its dissolution.

In the legislative sphere, the Russian President is endowed with the right of legislative initiative, the right to make proposals for amendments, revising the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to sign and publish laws, the right of undencing "veto" in relation to federal laws. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the authority of the president to the publication of legal acts in the form of decrees and orders, and also establishes the appeal of the president to the Federal Assembly. This appeal does not have the strength of the law, it is the nature of the installation documents.

§2. . Powers of the President of the Russian Federation associated with the executive authorities

The President of the Russian Federation is most closely connected with the executive. He is not the head of the executive and not entering into its system. The President of the Russian Federation influences the Government of the Russian Federation through the personal appointments of its members and the adoption of important decisions in the field of executive.

The President appoints the Chairman of the Government (after coordinating the candidacy in the State Duma), decides on the resignation of the government. It has the right to chair the meetings of the Russian Federation on his discretion.

The President of the Russian Federation is endowed with the right to suspend the acts of acts of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the event of the contradiction of these acts of the Constitution and federal laws, but it cannot suspend the acts of acts of legislative bodies of these subjects.

§3. . Powers of the President of the Russian Federation related to the judicial authorities

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, judges of the Ultrasound Judicial Bodies of the Russian Federation are appointed by the President's submission. Judges of the Constitutional Court are appointed by the Federation Council by Secret Voting on the Subscription of the President of the Russian Federation.

The President submits the Council of the Federation of Candidates for the position of judges of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation. According to the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council can release the Prosecutor General from office.

§four . Powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of defense of the country and ensuring the security of the state

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the President appoints and frees the highest command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The President approves the concept and plans for the construction of the armed forces, mobilization plans for the preparation and accumulation of mobilization reserves and operational equipment.

The Presidential Powers includes decrees about the appearance of citizens to military service, approval by the planned civil defense and dislocation of the Armed Forces. The President defines the main directions of reform in the field of defense and security, the concept of military construction.

The President of the Russian Federation forms and heads the Security Council, approves the military doctrine, in the event of aggression or direct threat of aggression martial law, and to ensure the security of the country - a state of emergency.

§five . Powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of foreign policy

The President in collaboration with Parliament develops a strategic foreign policy course and directly leads its implementation. The President establishes direct contacts with the heads of other states, personally participates in important international meetings, is negotiating on fundamental issues with the heads of states and governments of other countries. He personally signs important international treaties on behalf of the Russian Federation.

The Russian President is responsible for determining the state's foreign policy and its implementation by federal government agencies.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation subordinate to the President on issues enshrined by the President of the Constitution and Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation.

The president takes credentials and response diplomas accredited with diplomatic representatives.

The president appoints and recalls diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign countries and international organizations.

Despite all the powers, the president cannot be independent of the Federal Assembly in the implementation of foreign policy, because Parliament issues the necessary laws, ratifies contracts, allocates funds.

§6. . Powers of the President of the Russian Federation in relation to the subjects of the Federation

The President of the Russian Federation is entrusted with a very important role with the system of state authorities. It provides concerted work and interaction of government bodies. When performing this function, the President acts as an "arbitrator". This refers to the relationship between federal bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To resolve disagreements, the president may use conciliation procedures.

These procedures can be used to resolve conflicts and disagreements, firstly between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation, secondly, between the state authorities of the subjects.

The essence of conciliation procedures is to achieve the mutual consent of the parties, between which disagreements arose and are designed to solve the problem without elements of coercion.

§7. . Other powers of the President of the Russian Federation

Art. 89 The Constitution of the Russian Federation contains a list of powers of the President of the Russian Federation concerning personality - a citizen, a stateless person, a foreign citizen. The president is authorized to solve the issue of Russian citizenship.

Only the President has the right to grant political asylum.

The President exercises the highest form of state promotion - awarding by state awards of Russia. The President assigns the honorary titles of the Russian Federation, approves the statuses of the orders and regulations on medals, makes decrees to award them.

The president is given the right of pardon. The authority of the president also includes the purpose of the referendum.

Thus, the powers of the President of the Russian Federation covers a rather large sphere. The President is endowed with great real powers that it applies independently, legally independently of other bodies, but in close cooperation with them.

CHAPTER 5. BASIC STRUCTURES OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENT IN RUSSIA

§one . Administration of the Russian Federation

The presidential administration provides the activities of the head of state, creates conditions for the implementation by the president of his authority. AP is preparing projects of decrees, orders, instructions, presidential appeals, other documents. AP controls and checks the execution of federal laws, decrees, orders and presidential orders and presents to him relevant reports.

The AP provides the interaction of the president with political parties, associations, unions, as well as with state bodies and officials of foreign states, etc.

During its existence, the structure and composition of the RF RF has changed repeatedly.

The current structure is approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 25, 2004 "On the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation"

In accordance with the Decree, the manager AP has two deputies. The composition of the President's Plenipotentiary Representatives in public authorities, with the European Court of Human Rights, Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President in federal districts.

The composition of the AP consists of 12 independent offices, the presidential referendte, the presidential office. The administration also includes the Security Council apparatus.

AP provides the activities of the State Council, other councils and commissions under the President. The administration has about 2000 civil servants. The largest divisions of the administration are the control offices, state-legal management, management of information and documentation support for the President of the Russian Federation.

AP is a state body, a legal entity, but not an economic entity. Material and financial support for the activities of the President and his administration is managed by the Office of the President. This is an independent federal executive body and is not part of the administration.

§2. Security Council of the Russian Federation

The prototype of Sat can be considered the SS of the USSR, formed on December 26, 1990. It was assigned to the development of recommendations for the implementation of public-union policy in the field of defense, to maintain its reliable state, economic and environmental safety, overcoming the effects of natural disasters and other emergencies, ensuring stability and legal order in society.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1992, the Security Council of the Russian Federation was formed to ensure the implementation of the functions of the President's management, the formation of internal, external and military security policies, the preservation of the state sovereignty of Russia, the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

Sat implements the preparation of decisions of the President of the Russian Federation on the protection of the vital interests of the person, society and the states from domestic and external threats, the unified state policy in the field of security.

Sat consists of permanent members of the SS appointed by the President of the Russian Federation, including the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, and the Secretary of the Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Director of the FSB, are appointed. The heads of federal ministries and departments appointed by the President of the Russian Federation may also be members of the Sat.

The chairman of the Sat is the Russian President.

The main working bodies of Sat are interdepartmental commissions. They are formed in accordance with the main tasks and directions of Sat's activities. (Attachment 1)

The scientific support of the Sat activity is carried out by the Scientific Council, the composition of which is approved by the President of the Russian Federation.

The scientific council is assigned the following functions:

Development and improvement of the methodology for identifying, assessing and predicting security threats;

Carrying out a comparative analysis of theoretical provisions and practical measures to national security of foreign countries;

Participation in consideration and evaluation of information on the state of national security of the Russian Federation, etc.

The Scientific Council includes representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, heads of scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher education, as well as individual specialists.

Sat activity is provided by its apparatus. Structure, staffing and provision for it are approved by the President of the Russian Federation on the submission of the Secretary of the Security Council, coordinated with the head of the presidential administration.

The SB apparatus prepares for meetings of Sat and materials to them; Prepares projects of resolutions SB; Develops projects of federal laws and UAZs of the President of the Russian Federation; Provides the effect of interdepartmental commissions and scientific council at the Security Council.

Thus, Sat occupies an important place in the system of authorities to ensure the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, plays a prominent role in the policy to ensure the national security of Russia.

§3. Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation

The Institute of Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in federal districts was founded in 2000, as a forced measure of restoring the power functions of the federal center in the regions, ignoring the requirements and legitimate interests of the Russian Federation.

The territorial representation of the President of the Russian Federation is carried out through its authorized representatives in federal districts. Seven federal districts were established.

Plenipotentiary is appointed appointed and exempt from office by the President of the Russian Federation to submit the head of the presidential administration. The plenipotentiary representative is directly subordinated to the president and account for him. Plenipotentiary representative is a civil servant and is part of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation.

The tasks and functions of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation are derived from presidential competence. Its main tasks include:

1) the organization of work on the implementation by state authorities of the main directions of the state policy;

2) organization of control over the execution of decisions of federal authorities;

3) ensuring the implementation of the Personnel Policy of the President of the Russian Federation;

4) the provision of reports to the President of National Security in the Federal District; political, social and economic situation in the district; Making the president of the Russian Federation relevant proposals.

Plenipotentiary representative in the Federal District plays an important role in ensuring constitutional legality. It organizes control over the execution of federal laws, decrees and orders of the president, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, for the implementation of federal programs, and also resolves disagreements between the federal state authorities and the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation within the federal district.

Plenipotentiary representative is not endowed with independent competence, its appointment is to ensure the implementation of presidential powers.

§four . State Council of the Russian Federation

The State Council is a deliberative body under the President of the Russian Federation, formed on September 1, 2000. The President of the Russian Federation is the President of the Russian Federation, members - by the post of senior officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To solve operational issues, the Presidium of the Council is formed in the composition of the seven of its members to be rotated once every six months. Council meetings are held regularly, but at least once every three months. Presidium meets as needed.

The objectives of the tasks include:

1) facilitating the implementation of the authority of the president to ensure the agreed functioning and interaction of the authorities;

2) assistance to the President of the Russian Federation when using the conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as between the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Also, the GS is called upon to conduct a discussion of federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation with national importance, including the federal budget issues.

Thus, the powers of the President of the Russian Federation are carried out through the mechanism of presidential power, the structure of which is responsible for each activity.

Conclusion

From all of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the introduction of the post of President of Russia has become a consequence of progressive democratic processes in Russian society and in its political system, which reflected the process of transformation of political power from the system of party bodies and organizations to the system of government agencies and organizations, including the Institute of President and Tips, As well as the desire to fill with the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR, a kind of "vacuum", which arose in the process of conducting economic and political reforms, when the "old system", in which the party was the Supreme Contract for Healing and was dismantled, since the processes occurring were incomprehensible in Properly creating strong mutual-mutiving and interconnecting structures in the state system, the role of which was performed before the party. Also, the introduction of the presidency of the presidency was caused by the need to change federated ties, the need to strengthen the executive and improve the effectiveness of the management and to make rapid decisions on the current issues requiring operational interference.

Thus, in the early 1990s, the introduction of the institute of the presidency in Russia was vital, due to the established political and economic situation. It reflected the process of transformation of political power from the system of party bodies and organizations to the system of government agencies and organizations, including the Institute of Presidency and Tips.

The emergence of the institute of the presidency in the Russian Federation marked the beginning of the reform of the entire executive vertical. Over the past years, the presidency institute overcame the transition from one political system to another, retaining and strengthening its stability, and since 1993, having changed its status and place among the highest authorities of state power.

Since 1991, the institution of presidency in Russia, together with the rest of the statehood institutions, was in the process of continuous development and modernization.

The President of the Russian Federation, being the head of state, organizes the interaction of all branches of power, thereby ensuring their agreed functioning.

A repeated change in the electoral legislation did not produce significant changes, however, a number of critical provisions were introduced, such as: the introduction of a clear norm of the deadlines of the president's authority; Strengthened guarantees of equal status of the candidate; Providing a number of guarantees by the candidate; A broader list of documents submitted by the candidate for the position of President of the Russian Federation, and the order of self-nomination of the candidate was also clarified. Also the day of voting was established at the next elections of the President of the Russian Federation.

The President became endowed with great real powers, which it applies independently, legally independently of other bodies, but in close cooperation with them, through the mechanism of presidential power, the structure of which everyone responds to its scope.

List of used sources and literature

I. . Sources

1. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Accepted in popular voting on December 12, 1993 ed. Official. M., 2005.

2. Federal Law of July 31, 1995 "On the Fundamentals of the State Service of the Russian Federation" // SZ RF. 1995. No. 31. Art. 2990.

3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 9, 1997 "On the authorized representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Russian Region" // SZ RF. 1997. No. 34; 2000 № 20. Art. 2112.

4. Federal Law of January 10, 2003 "On the election of the President of the Russian Federation" // SZ RF. 2003. No. 2. Art. 171.

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 28, 1998 "On the Office of the Security Council of the Russian Federation" // SZ RF. 1998. № 14. Article 1536; 2004. No. 40. Art. 3929.

6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 30, 1999. "On additional measures to improve the structure of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation" // SZ RF. 1999. № 5. Art.652; 2004. No. 40. Art. 3929.

7. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 "On the authorized representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" // SZ RF. 2000. № 20. Article.2112; 2004. No. 41. Art. 4021.

8. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 1, 2000 "On the State Council of the Russian Federation" // SZ of the Russian Federation. 2000. No. 36. Article 3633.

9. The President of the Russian Federation of March 25, 2004 "On the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation" // SZ RF. 2004. No. 13. Article 1188.

II. . Literature

10. Modern organization of government agencies in Russia: Tutorial / T.G. Arkhipova, E.P. Malyshev. - M.: RGGU, 2006. - 605 p. Il.11. 11. 11. Degtev G.V. The formation and development of the institute of the presidency in Russia: theoretical and constitutional foundations / G.V. Degtev. - M. - Lawyer, 2006. - 237 p.

List of accepted cuts.

AP - Administration of the President of the Russian Federation

GD - State Duma

GS-State Council

RF - Russian Federation

Sat - the Security Council of the Russian Federation

SZ RF - "Meeting of the Legislation of the Russian Federation"

ATTACHMENT 1

Institute of President of the Russian Federation

Appendix 2.

Interdepartmental Commissions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

Institute of Presidency In modern understanding, it was first issued by the US Constitution in 1787. "Founders Fathers" of the American Constitution, when modeling the presidency Institute, focused on British political and legal practice and the concept of separation of the authorities. Currently, this institution applies to the number of one of the most common institutions of state power. At the end of the XX century. Of the 183 UN member states - over 130 had a presidency in the state mechanism. Their constitutional status varies significantly to each other. Even if you restrict ourselves to the countries of Western democracy, the presidents in the presidential (USA), in the semi-presidential (France) and in parliamentary (Germany), the republics are significantly different in the amount of powers, the nature of functions, role in solving public and public affairs in the few scientific works in which they have been implemented Attempting to analyze the concept of the institute of the presidency, the latter is defined as a combination of four groups of norms:

1. the procedure for presidential elections, including including inauguration;
2. its legal status in the structure of government bodies (constitutional status is a structural aspect);
3. functions and powers of the President (constitutional status - functional aspect);
4. termination of execution of presidential powers.

Each of their listed groups is a kind of subsequent institute with respect to the institution of the presidency as a whole. However, the essential element of this institute is the responsibility of the president. It seems that the studied institute would be clearly not complete if he had not contained the rules on the responsibility of the head of state. This is one of the important forms of constitutional responsibility, and quite serious. This is told, for example, attempts to implement impeachment in the United States (December 1998 - January 1999 in relation to B. Clinton) and Russia (in May 1999 in relation to B. Yeltsin), as well as how this The procedure affects the political and legal situation in the country. Thus, institute of Presidency - This is a system of constitutional and legal norms regulating the procedure of elections and entry into the position of president (inauguration), the authority of the president, determining its position in the system of government agencies, as well as early termination of powers, replacement and suspension from office. In determining the concept of the "Institute of the Presidency", some authors use such categories as the "elective head of state", "Higher official", "Political position", "State position", "Arbitrator in the system of state power authorities", "Head of Executive" , "Presidentialism". It seems necessary to consider using these terms. The president in all countries performs the functions of the head of state and is the highest official in the system of state bodies.

It is necessary to agree with the category "State position", which is defined as a legal establishment, through which the realization of functions, powers, the rights and responsibilities of the state officials are carried out. Political positions give state power a clearly pronounced individualized personified character. Recognizing generally the fact that the president is more likely to the executive authority than to legislative and judicial, we cannot agree that the President is the head of executive in all types of republics. This statement is quite true in relation to the presidential and, partly, to the semi-presidential republics. However, it cannot be applied to the parliamentary republics.

In the study of the institute of the presidency in various countries, the use of such categories as "elected head of state", "Higher official", "Political position", "State Position". As for the categories "Arbitrator in the system of state authorities", "Head of the Executive Power", "Presidentsalism", the possibility of appeal to them directly depends on the type of form of government in a particular state.