Upper prostheses in the absence of teeth. Removable dentures in the absence of teeth

Complete adentia can occur for various reasons. Whatever they are, it is impossible to live comfortably in the absence of teeth. Modern dentistry offers patients with complete absence of teeth that help to cope with this problem.

Prosthetics with complete adentia has its own characteristics.

Complete dental prosthetics is a significant challenge for an orthopedist due to the fact that several factors must be taken into account:

• individual characteristics human face and skull structure;
• topography of all areas oral cavity;
• morphological features of the jaws;
• atrophy bone tissuewhich inevitably occurs in the absence of teeth.

Only if all these factors are taken into account after a thorough diagnosis, the doctor will be able to make a comfortable and comfortable prosthesis for the patient.

Several types of prosthetics are used in the absence of teeth:

1. Fully removable structures.
2. Partially removable clasp products that are installed on implants.
3. Other methods of prosthetics on implants (removable and non-removable structures).

All variants of prosthetics will be described in detail below.

Complete removable dentures

It is also called lamellar, since it is based on a plate-shaped basis. She covers the sky (if it comes to upper jaw) or alveolar process (when the structure is installed on the lower jaw).

In this case, the main load during chewing falls on the base, transmitted to it from the artificial teeth. The materials from which the base is made are most often acrylic or nylon.

Acrylic constructions

Acrylic dentures are popular among patients due to their affordable cost.

Acrylic is a type of plastic. It gained popularity in dentistry due to the fact that it is resistant to the effects of an acid-base environment and is quite durable. In the oral cavity, such a denture is retained due to the fact that it is attached to the mucous membrane.

Special means - adhesive creams and gels - also provide significant assistance in fixing the structure. Acrylic products are inexpensive and therefore very popular with patients. However, they have more disadvantages than merits:

1. Even when using adhesives, the fixation may not be secure, causing discomfort.
2. The size of the product is quite large, therefore, the aesthetics are violated and inconveniences arise during use.
3. The base surface is porous. In the smallest pores, food debris accumulates and causes inflammation.
4. The structure, despite its massiveness, is rather fragile. Acrylic breaks down when dropped and bumped, and such a product cannot be restored.
5. The monomers that make up acrylics cause allergies and can lead to the development of allergic stomatitis.

Nylon denture with no teeth at all

Nylon is relatively new orthopedic material... It is soft, elastic, and therefore characterized by increased strength: when falling, such a base will not break, like acrylic. It fixes well and reproduces anatomical features jaw, while not looking massive.

Nylon does not absorb moisture.

Another indisputable advantage of nylon is the inability to absorb moisture, so bacteria do not multiply on such a basis. In addition, the products are absolutely hypoallergenic, since there are no components in the material that can cause an allergic reaction.

At the same time, nylon as a dental material has a number of weighty disadvantages:

1. Nylon is susceptible to temperature and therefore deforms when eaten with hot food and drinks.
2. The softness of the material does not allow it to be securely fixed, therefore, during operation, discomfort often arises.
3. High elasticity leads to bone atrophy, since the pressure on the mucous membrane is unevenly distributed. It is believed that when using nylon structures, the annual bone loss is 1 mm.
4. Nylon does not lend itself well to polishing, so the base surface remains rough and plaque forms over time.
5. High price, which is 3-4 times higher.

Due to the factors listed above, dentists do not recommend the use of full nylon removable dentures. They can replace 1-3 teeth, but if they are edentulous, their use will be very uncomfortable.

Dentures on implants

Fixation on implants is the most reliable option in this case.

The most modern way getting rid of adentia is. This solution has several advantages:

• reliability of structures;
• lack of speech difficulties and problems with chewing;
• high aesthetics, maintaining the shape of the face;
• elimination of the risk of bone atrophy, as the implants exert uniform pressure on the bones;
• durability;
• no problems with the gastrointestinal tract, since it becomes possible to chew food more thoroughly.

Prosthetics with complete loss of teeth using implants can be performed in several ways:

1. Installation zirconia bridges... In this case, at least 14 implants are implanted into each jaw, after which bridges are fixed on them. This is the best way from the point of view of convenience and aesthetics, but its price is very high - several million rubles. In addition, there are many contraindications for screwing in such a number of implants.
2. Removable denturess in the complete absence of teeth based on implants. This method assumes that 4-6 implants are implanted into the bone, after which a removable prosthesis is fixed on them, which must be periodically removed for cleaning and antiseptic treatment.

It can be fixed on a beam that is installed between the pins. On the prosthesis, in turn, a depression is made for it. Another method is push-button fixation, when the head of the implant is made in the form of a ball, which is inserted into a depression on the prosthesis.

Clasp designs

The complete absence of teeth is a contraindication for the installation of clasp-type structures, however, the already mentioned implants can come to the rescue. The fact is that the basis of the clasp structure is a metal arch, to which the base with crowns is attached.

To fix it in the oral cavity, it is necessary to have healthy teeth that will hold the entire structure. If they are not there, implants can play this role.

A full clasp prosthesis can be held using several types of fasteners:

1. Clasps - metal hooks that grip abutment teeth (or crowned implants). This method is good if the clasps are fixed in the area invisible when smiling. Otherwise, such a mount seriously compromises the aesthetics.
2. - miniature locks. One part of them is fixed on the crown covering the implant, the other on the prosthesis.
3. Telescopic crownswhen the larger one (located on the prosthesis) is put on the smaller one installed on the implant.

It is believed that the service life of such structures is up to 5 years. However, this does not mean that reimplantation will have to be performed. If the implants have taken root and there are no signs of rejection, only the clasp prosthesis itself can be replaced.

Video review of the patient about prosthetics using ALL-ON-6 technology in the complete absence of teeth.
New life in just 3 days!

Sources:

1. Guide to Prosthetic Dentistry. Prosthetics in the absence of teeth. Ed. I.Yu. Lebedenko, E.S. Kalivradjian, T.I. Ibragimov. Moscow, 2005.
2. Trezubov V.N., Shcherbakov A.S. Orthopedic dentistry. St. Petersburg, 2002.
3. Kopeikin V.N. Guide to Prosthetic Dentistry. Moscow, 2003.

There are several ways to restore the dentition in the absence of several units. But what if there are no teeth on the jaw at all? ABOUT modern techniques prosthetics, their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed in the article.

Features of prosthetics in the absence of teeth

In the process of determining the method of prosthetics, a wide range of issues is taken into account, because with adentia there is not a single supporting element:

Why is it necessary?

The loss of even a few units in the dentition causes a lot of problems, and with adentia, the situation is only aggravated. You should not postpone the decision of the issue of prosthetics, it will be much more difficult to cure the consequences.

If the defect in the dentition is not eliminated in a timely manner (with partial or complete loss of teeth), then the patient will face such troubles as:

All of the above consequences of ignoring prosthetics in aggregate and individually affect the psycho-emotional background of a person who, limiting communication, loses himself as a person.

Correct the situation and radically change the quality of life will help the correct choice of the method of prosthetics.

Step-by-step dental implantation

Applied techniques

If all the teeth are missing on the jaw, then after a series of studies, the specialist selects one of the most suitable methods of prosthetics:

Prosthetics methods in the complete absence of teeth on the jaw
Name	Description	Benefits	disadvantages
Removable prosthetics	To be able to fix the prosthesis on the jaw, several implants are implanted into it (sometimes only 2 units are enough). Detachable design attached to implants like a haberdashery button. There are also bar prostheses that evenly distribute the load on the jaw when chewing food. Among the large number of options for removable prostheses, there are those that do not provide for the procedure of preliminary implantation of implants.	a wide range of composite materials and technologies that allow you to create a combined product that is comfortable to wear; the ability to correct any defects in the dentition; low cost.	felt discomfort when wearing; incorrect redistribution of the load on the jaw when chewing, which is fraught with the development of various pathologies; poor fixation in the oral cavity without supporting elements; short service life (3-6 years).
Conditionally removable prosthetics	Clasp prosthetics provides for the installation of a structure on the jaw, which consists of a metal arch, a polymer base that imitates the gum, and artificial teeth. To create anchor points, 4 implants are implanted into the jaw, to which an arc is subsequently attached.	even redistribution of the load on the jaw while chewing food; aesthetic factor; comfortable use with quick adaptation; structural strength.	the quality of prosthetics largely depends on the professionalism of the doctor and the correctness of the calculations; sometimes the locking elements break, which provides for the replacement of the entire structure; high cost of the prosthesis.
Fixed prosthetics	To install a fixed prosthesis, it is necessary to implant several implants, on which bridges are subsequently fixed. This method of prosthetics is rarely used, preference is given to removable structures.	long service life (up to 20 years); strong fixation of the structure; minimal decrease in taste sensitivity; the products successfully withstand the chewing load.	a high probability of irritation of soft tissues due to contact with the coronal part of the prosthesis; patients often develop pathological symptoms in the mouth (burning, redness, change in taste).

Prosthetics options and installation process

There are several options for prosthetics with the loss of all units in the dentition.

An acrylic prosthesis is made on the basis of previously made impressions of the patient's jaw. Used as material modern look plastic, which makes the structure durable and reliable. The main advantage of the product is its affordable price.

Otherwise, there are obvious shortcomings:

• hard structure provokes rubbing of soft tissues with the prosthesis, which complicates the adaptation process;
• due to the porosity of the material, the prosthesis absorbs odors;
• plastic changes color due to product pigments.

The lamellar structure is easy to install, fixation occurs by suction to the gums or using a special glue.

The product is manufactured according to the latest technology made of nylon, flexible and soft. It is much easier to get used to such a prosthesis than to plastic. Aesthetic qualities are quite acceptable, but the main advantage is hypoallergenicity.

Among the significant disadvantages:

• changing the shape during wearing, which involves replacing the design;
• high price.

A nylon product is fixed in the acrylic type, but due to the tendency to deformation, the fastening weakens over time, which causes considerable discomfort.

This type of prosthesis is a functional design based on a telescopic system and attachment elements.

The peculiarity of the products lies in their ability to distribute the chewing load evenly over the entire jaw, as well as to stop the processes of bone tissue atrophy.

No significant pressure is exerted on the mucous membrane due to the absence of displacement when chewing food, which is achieved due to reliable elastic retainers.

A prosthesis is made according to a previously made impression of the patient's jaw in several stages. Installation of the structure provides for the presence of supporting teeth, therefore, in their absence, several implants are implanted.

Clasp prosthesis is made on the basis of a cast metal arc, on which a polymer gum simulator and artificial teeth are subsequently fixed.

This is the most modern method prosthetics, characterized by a short adaptation period and a long service life. The main advantage lies in the correct distribution of the chewing load, which excludes further deformation of the bone and soft tissues of the jaw.

The existing varieties of clasp structures and fixing elements allow you to choose the most suitable option that ensures comfortable wearing of the product.

The prosthesis is installed on pre-implanted implants. They will be required on each side from 2 to 4 units.

Which is better?

Of the existing methods, the specialist offers several options that are suitable for the patient in terms of physiological parameters and price

When choosing the best method of prosthetics, not the popularity of the product is taken into account, but the individual characteristics and the place of installation of the prosthesis (upper or lower jaw).

Therefore, from the existing methods, the specialist offers several options that are suitable for the patient in terms of physiological parameters and price.

If we consider the issue in terms of comfort, the choice of bar implants looks more advantageous.

In addition to quickly adapting to foreign body in the mouth, the patient is guaranteed long-term use of the prosthesis, which has high strength and reliability.

The cost of treatment is more than offset by high aesthetic values \u200b\u200band simple care of the product.

Features of prosthetics of the upper and lower jaw

Prosthetics of the upper jaw is much easier than that of the lower, due to the presence of a large number of anchor points that hold the base.

With the complete absence of teeth, the entire chewing load is directed to the prosthesis. In the case of a product for the upper row, the chewing load is distributed more evenly over the entire jaw due to firm fixation, which is difficult to achieve when restoring the lower row.

An extremely small space remains for fixing the basis in lower jaw... This is due to the location of the lingual frenum, folds of the mucous membrane. The lack of space precludes the use of products with a valve mechanism.

Even the most well-chosen removable prosthesis will be under constant mechanical influence of the cheeks, which is noticeable when showing emotions and even talking. The denture is displaced, causing extreme discomfort.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the lower jaw, we can conclude that the clasp construction will be a more suitable option for prosthetics.

Before and after dental prosthetics in the complete absence

Contraindications

Experts have identified a number of cases in which prosthetics are not performed.

Among the main ones:

Some contraindications have a time limit, so adjustments are made to the treatment process. For example, with periodontal disease, first carry out complex treatment, which is aimed at stopping the process of bone loss.

Without preliminary preparation, orthopedic measures will not give the desired effect. In addition, it is necessary to choose the most suitable type of prosthesis. This is a design that is fixed on implanted implants.

Price

One of the most budgetary options for prosthetics in the absence of teeth involves the installation of 4 implants (upper and lower jaw) without the use of bone grafting. This amount of work with consumables will cost about 180,000 rubles.

The cost of treatment rises as the number of implanted implants increases and more expensive materials are used for the manufacture of prostheses.

If such prices are too expensive or there are contraindications for the use of local anesthesia, it is recommended to order a laminated removable denture in the clinic. The cost of a product made from acrylic will cost about 20,000 rubles, from nylon - up to 30,000 rubles.

Lack of teeth is not only harm to the jaw, but also to the body as a whole. When there are no teeth, the distribution of the load is disturbed, and if all the teeth are missing, then indelible damage to the oral cavity and gums is caused. In this regard, many people are advised to immediately go to dentistry for dental restoration. In complete absence, prosthetics comes to the rescue. All options for dental prosthetics in complete absence and conditions, see below.

In case of complete absence of teeth in patients, they can be offered several options for prosthetics. Prosthetic options can be very different. It all depends on the quality of workmanship, the material used and the patient's wallet. We recommend that you consider each option and choose the one that is considered the most suitable for your account. It all starts with economical options and ends with expensive ones.

One-piece removable denture

This option is the most economical. It is made from cheaper materials: nylon or acrylic plastic. It gained popularity also because of its ease of use.

The undoubted advantage of such a prosthesis is its cost.

But there are much more disadvantages. These include:

• unreliable fastening. The prosthesis rests exclusively on the mandibular part due to the created vacuum, and, therefore, when moving with the mouth p air particles will enter the denture and the prosthesis can fly off;
• the size. The one-piece removable denture is quite large in size. Due to its size, it is highly addictive for the patient. Diction and taste buds may also be temporarily impaired;
• fragility. Due to the fact that the prosthesis is made of materials such as acrylic plastic, it is often destroyed. Due to the high loads on the prosthesis, cracks appear, leading to breakage. Plastic prosthesis is simple unable to withstand a heavy loadso it breaks down constantly. Constantly have to fix it or buy a new one. Is it worth it? The purchase of such a prosthesis will constantly require financial investments.

One-piece removable prosthesis with fastening of ball-shaped abutments (locators)

This option is more improved. Its main difference from the first option is fixation. It is attached to the gums due to special elements. This fixation allows you to be in the same place. Fastening elements:

• locator. Fixed to a dental implant;
• plastic matrix. It is fixed in the prosthetic structure itself.

The matrix is \u200b\u200bcleaved onto the ball-shaped abutment, which allows the prosthesis for a long time stay in the same place. It is recommended to use at least two locators on 2 implants.

Benefits:

• reliable fastening. By attaching to locators secure fixation is carried outwhich allows you to stay in place and not move out;
• cost. Despite the fact that this design also received good fixation to the jaws, the pricing policy remains. This prosthetics option is the most affordable.

Disadvantages:

• fragility. In this version, the fastening already appears, but its quality does not change. A plastic prosthesis is made. In the absence of a high-quality frame, it follows that the prosthesis is short-lived and various kinds of breakdowns are provided to it;
• the size. The size of the removable denture with fixation is of sufficient scale for the oral cavity. Large pieces of plastic cover most of the gums and palate. You will need to get used to such a prosthesis. Violation of diction necessarily follows;
• load during chewing movement. When chewing, almost all the load is directed to the 2 implants, which are the base. Required need expert advice and following instructions. Due to the high load, there is a risk of being left without bone mass around the prosthetic area.

Of all the above, this option for dental prosthetics, in their complete absence, is the most suitable. This is due to improvements in reliability and usability. Only high quality equipment is used for manufacturing. You will need knowledge not only of a dental technician, but also of the dentist himself. Using high technologies, a structure is made from beams, and it is milled. The bar fixation has 2 parts:

• a bar that is fixed to implants;
• plastic matrices that are installed in the prosthesis itself.

Benefits:

• good fastening. Due to the used beam, the prosthesis is fastened securely, which allows it to remain stationary. This attachment allows the patient to feel much more comfortable;
• feeling of satisfaction with prosthetics. With a beam structure much less plastic is used to manufacture, which means that most of the gums and palate remain open. There was no violation of diction and taste buds;
• strength. Metal is used here as a frame, which ultimately testifies to its durability and strength;
• load. There are 4 implants in the oral cavity. The entire chewing load is directed to them, which confirms the safety of the bone around the prosthetic area.

Disadvantages:

• cost. Reliability and quality the patient feels comfortablebut most of his wallet suffers. The price of such prosthetics in the absence of teeth is much higher;
• removable design. For proper hygiene, it is necessary to clean the denture at least 2 times a day. It will take no more than a minute in time.

In case of prosthetics, in the case of a complete absence of teeth, at least 4 implants must be installed. They are also a support. A prosthesis that does not have to be removed very convenient and comfortable due to high-quality imitation of real teeth. A fixed prosthesis is made of cermet. You simply won't find plastics here. Thus, it turns out to be the most compact and convenient. In the absence of their own gums, ceramics are installed and repainted in the desired natural color.

Benefits:

• convenience. Convenience and comfort lies in the fact that this prosthesis is not removable. As a result, the diction is not disturbed, the taste buds work correctly, and the palate and gums are completely open;
• the beauty. A fixed metal-ceramic prosthesis allows you to get closer to the natural feeling of your teeth. An experienced and skilled professional will create a “Hollywood smile” that no ordinary person can distinguish. Teeth are like teeth;
• quality. The frame is made of chrome-cobalt frame, which allows it to be of high quality, strong and durable. This kind of prosthetics will delight for a long time. Fractures and cracks are not inherent.

Disadvantages:

• cost. This is not the case when, we can say: quality at an affordable price. The level of qualifications of a dental technician, doctor and expensive equipment dictate a very decent amount. Is it worth it, for everyone to decide individually? Not every person can afford such prosthetics. Especially if this person is a pensioner and his main income is a pension.
• metal. Metal on rare occasions may cause mild allergic reactions and a metallic taste on the tongue.

Fixed prosthesis supported by implants made of zirconium dioxide

With the complete absence of teeth, this prosthetics option is the most beautiful, comfortable, innovative, progressive and biocompatible. In terms of strength, zirconium dioxide exceeds even metal, which means that there should be no aftertaste.

Besides the fact that it is durable, almost weightless, so it will be more comfortable and easier to wear. Such a prosthesis is closest to natural teeth. Just like teeth zirconia has little transparency and depth. The fixing of a fixed denture based on zirconium dioxide is similar to a fixed denture made of cermet. And the rest is several times better. It really surpasses all other prostheses in all sensations, convenience and naturalness.

A person who is forced to resort to the installation of prostheses in the absence of teeth imagines that he will have to wear a terrible " denture»Which you will need to put in a glass of water at night on the bedside shelf.

All these unfounded delusions come from Soviet dentistry, when things were bad with prosthetics. Now, even in the absence of teeth, you can get a high-quality, comfortable and realistic prosthesis.

Complete absence of teeth

Briefly about prosthetics in the absence of teeth

Complete loss of teeth, or a large number of them, is by no means rare. There can be many reasons for this ailment and, unfortunately, due to the current ecological situation and the standard of living, there are more and more of them. Most often, the patient loses all teeth for one of the following reasons:

• Launched diseases of the gingival tissue and periodontal disease.
• Untimely caries treatment or complete absence of therapy.
• Natural wear and tear of tooth enamel.
• Increased abrasion of fabrics.
• Severe trauma to a large number of teeth or the entire jaw.
• Disruption of metabolic processes.
• Diseases of the internal organs.

Even if only a few teeth are missing, this is already felt and affects the chewing functions of the jaw. What can edentia lead to? If you do not correct the situation in a timely manner with the help of dentures, you may face irreversible consequences:

• Disorders of the digestive tract. A person who has no teeth is unable to fully experience hard food, and therefore his diet is scarce and limited to soft foods. Monotony leads to nutritional deficiencies and poor digestion.
• Distortion of the facial oval - sunken cheeks, protruding chin, pronounced nasolabial folds and thinned lips.
• Distortion of speech due to the fact that in the absence of teeth, it is impossible to pronounce many letters and sounds.
• Bone atrophy, thinning of the alveolar processes, as a result of which subsequent implantation becomes simply impossible.

The complete absence of teeth significantly reduces the quality of life and gives rise to a lot of complexes. Only complete prosthetics can solve the problem.

There are not many contraindications for this procedure, however, for patients with the following diseases full prosthetics will not be available:

• Intolerance to any type of anesthesia (relevant when installing implants).
• Infectious diseases, mucous membranes and oral cavity in particular. Initially, you need to cure the disease and only then proceed to prosthetics.
• Diabetes.
• Oncology.
• Mental disorders.
• Poor blood clotting.
• Anemia or anorexia, as well as any other diseases that indicate exhaustion of the body.

What prostheses can compensate for the complete or almost complete absence of dental units?

Removable

Nylon

Dentures made of nylon are elastic and look very realistic, however, they do not restore chewing function. In addition, this type of denture does not fit securely enough in the mouth.

Removable nylon dentures

Acrylic

The structure is made of acrylic plastic - a fairly durable material that is compatible with mucous tissues and looks as natural as possible.

With the right approach, a specialist can make and deliver a completely realistic design with an imitation of the color of the gums and enamel.

The base can cover both part of the gum, and cover it all, depending on the size of the structure.

This design is ideal for constant wearing, and at the end of the adaptation period, it is practically not felt as something foreign.

The acrylic denture can be left in the mouth overnight!

Based on bar fixation

This type of construction is based on a beam that takes up the entire vertical load.

In order for the pressure on the implants to be evenly distributed, they are connected by a horizontal bar, in which there are places for attaching the orthopedic structure.

Bar-based prostheses

In the prosthesis itself, recesses are made to match the shape of this beam, and when the two parts are connected, special locks are snapped into place, which ensure reliable fixation.

With the help of a bar prosthesis, it is possible to restore both the entire dentition, and its part.

The bar prosthesis is only conditionally referred to as removable, however, it should be removed only if it is necessary to clean or replace it.

Fixed

Sintered metal

In order to make a fixed prosthesis in the complete absence of teeth in the mouth, it is necessary to first install 4 dental implants, on which the dental prosthesis will be based.

A fixed structure made of high-quality cermets will be much more convenient than a removable denture, since it serves as an imitation of a full-fledged dentition.

The deficiency of the gums will be filled with ceramics, which are colored in the color of the oral mucosa.

Fixed denture

Zirconia based

This type of prosthetics is considered the highest quality and most modern, due to the fact that the material itself is highly durable and lightweight. The weight of a zirconium dioxide prosthesis is several times less than the weight of a metal structure.

This material has a translucency that is identical in depth to natural tooth enamel, so that dentures cannot be visually distinguished from real teeth.

Clasp prosthetics

Most orthopedists agree that clasp prostheses are a successful combination of reliability, strength and beauty. Before installing a prosthesis of this type, supports are implanted in the patient. Clasp prostheses of the new generation have 3 types of fixation:

1. Fixing with metal hooks or fastening with clasps.
2. Fastening of a removable denture with microlocks installed on the implant.
3. Fixation of the structure on telescopic crowns - after implantation of the implant into the bone, a primary crown is placed on it, and a secondary crown is placed on the removable prosthesis itself. It is put on implants and is securely fixed in the oral cavity.

Clasp prosthesis

Are there any differences between complete dentures of the upper and lower jaw?

Upper jaw teeth

The manufacture of a prosthesis for the upper jaw is somewhat easier than for the lower one. Insofar as the upper jaw has more base pointssuch as the palate.

Thanks to the large valve zone, the prosthesis can be securely attached to the gum, and the chewing load can be distributed much more evenly.

Even with the complete absence of the dentition, the upper jaw prosthesis will not move while eating and cause discomfort to the owner. For its manufacture, both flexible nylon and hard acrylic can be used.

Lower jaw teeth

The need to compensate for the complete absence of teeth in the lower jaw for the prosthetist presents certain difficulties, since the area for the basis is extremely small. Due to the abundance of folds of mucous tissues and the lingual frenum, the prosthesis cannot be fixed using valve mechanisms. Near the tongue and cheeks can push and move the structure, causing patient discomfort.

Therefore, if at least one healthy tooth is preserved on the lower jaw, the best solution would be to install a conditionally removable denture. The peculiarity of structures of this kind is as follows:

• The prosthesis is securely fixed in the oral cavity with titanium screws implanted into the bone tissue.
• There is no need to implant all the roots of the dentition - a few supporting ones are enough.
• The denture can be removed in the dentist's office for quick cleaning.

In the absence of teeth on the upper and lower jaw at the same time, the doctor may suggest 2 different dentures. The opinion that it is necessary to use only structures made of the same material is erroneous.

How is prosthetics carried out in the absence of teeth

Before proceeding with prosthetics, the patient must undergo a complete examination of the state of health, check the condition of the oral cavity and the prosthetic bed.

Impression of teeth

The specialist first of all pays attention to how atrophied the alveolar processes and mucous membranes. All this allows us to determine the nuances in the design of the future prosthesis. The main stages of making a prosthesis are approximately as follows:

• Taking impressions of the jaw for the subsequent work of dental technicians.
• Ebb and flow of the prosthesis.
• Base fabrication.
• Definition central occlusion thanks to casts.
• Relief modeling.
• Finishing treatment.
• Delivery of the received prosthesis to the patient and the first fitting.

These are rough steps in making a denture. The exact sequence depends on the specific type of prosthesis.

Conclusion

Of course, complete loss of teeth is a difficult and painful situation for a person who has had to deal with it. However, a high-quality and professionally made denture can be outwardly indistinguishable from real teeth, restoring not only the aesthetic appearance of a smile, but also chewing functions.

The complete absence of teeth (adentia), which occurs mainly in the elderly, is a common problem. Regardless of the reasons, adentia is a complete and unconditional indication for urgent prosthetics. What are the best dentures in the absence of teeth? This article will help you understand the many dental services aimed at restoring the dentition.

Several factors contribute to the emergence of adentia: natural wear of enamel and dentin, periodontal disease, untimely access to the dentist, ignorance of basic hygiene requirements, trauma, and chronic diseases.

The lack of even 2-3 teeth is very noticeable and unpleasant, and when it comes to their complete absence, it can be said without exaggeration that such a condition is a serious pathology, entailing many negative consequences:

Edentia can be the result of trauma, as well as various diseases.

• Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as a result of poor chewing and malnutrition.
• Negative changes in appearance - a patient with a complete absence of teeth acquires a characteristic elongated oval of the face, a protruding chin, sunken cheeks and lips, pronounced nasolabial folds.
• Significant violations in colloquial speech: teeth are the most important and integral part of the articulatory apparatus, and their lack, and even more so the absence, leads to the appearance of diction defects that are very noticeable by ear.
• Dystrophy of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes (gums), which, in the absence of roots, become thinner and smaller in size, which in the most advanced cases makes it difficult or impossible for high-quality implantation (prosthetics).

The cumulative result of all of the above problems is significant psychological discomfort, impaired communication skills, limiting oneself in vital needs: communication, work, good nutrition. The only way to return to a quality life is with dental prosthetics.

Contraindications to prosthetics

Cases in which dental prosthetics are prohibited are rare, but a qualified dentist must ensure that the patient does not suffer from any of the following ailments:

• individual allergic reaction on the chemical components that make up the material;
• intolerance to local anesthesia (relevant for implantation);
• any viral disease in the acute stage;
• severe diabetes mellitus;
• cancer;
• mental and neurological disorders during an exacerbation;
• blood clotting disorders;
• severe underweight and wasting of the body (anorexia, cachexia).

Obviously, many contraindications are temporary, while others lose their relevance with the correct choice of the method of restoration.

Removable dentures in the absence of teeth: difficulties and features

Another negative aspect of adentia is very little choice. possible ways restoration of teeth. The existing methods are either expensive or have many disadvantages. A nylon prosthesis with a complete absence of teeth is in great demand. But, when choosing the optimal method of prosthetics, it should be remembered that a complete removable restoration of the entire dentition has a lot features:

The main feature of full dentures is that they do not have attachments.

Does this mean that it is better not to resort to this method of restoration? Of course not. Though the best method restoration with absolutely missing teeth is, the use of a covering prosthesis also has a reason. It will help those who do not have the financial ability to place implants, as well as patients whose bone tissue is loose, which is a contraindication for implantation.

Types of complete dentures

Orthopedic products used to restore completely missing teeth have approximately the same design. These are arcuate prostheses, which on the lower jaw are held only on the gum, and on the upper jaw they also rest on the palate. The teeth in dentures are almost always plastic, and the base can be made of different materials... It is on this basis that they are classified.

Expert opinion. Dentist Yanovsky L.D .: " are named after the name of the polymer from which their base is made. Nylon is a translucent, strong, flexible and resilient material with good wear resistance properties. Its advantages include good aesthetic performance and hypoallergenicity, which favorably distinguish this type of dental constructions from others. Considering that two out of ten people on the planet suffer from allergies to acrylic or different types of metals, for many, a nylon prosthesis with no teeth at all is a panacea in terms of convenience and quality. "

Made of acrylic - a more modern and sophisticated type of plastic. It is distinguished by its resistance to wear and the effects of an aggressive acid-alkaline environment, which makes acrylic quite popular in dental practice as a material. At the same time, he possesses a number disadvantageswhich put it an order of magnitude lower than nylon:

Both nylon and acrylic dentures do not have any attachments - this is due to the difficulties in fixing them. The situation can be slightly improved by the use of special glue, which lasts for 3-4 hours, but this also brings only temporary comfort. The only way to get rid of discomfort is to install polymer prostheses on implants.

Prosthetics on implants in the absence of teeth: advantages and types of procedure

The main advantage of implantation is reliable fixation, thanks to which the patient does not have to worry about the fact that the prosthesis will fall off at the most inopportune moment. Chewing food is also greatly facilitated: the need to limit oneself in taking solid and viscous foods disappears, and this has a positive effect on the state of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal motility.

One of the first questions of interest to people who have decided on implantation is the required number of implants. In each specific clinical case, this is decided individually, and the decisive factor is the state of the patient's bone tissue. On average, at least two implants should be installed on each jaw, holding the entire structure.

If the patient is determined to have the operation, and the condition of the alveolar processes does not allow this, he can undergo sinus lifting - a technique for building bone tissue using special materials. Modern dentistry has several methods of implantation of implants, however, in the absence of teeth, it is rational to use only two of them - bar and push-button.

Button implantation - a fairly reliable and relatively inexpensive method of restoration. During the operation, two implants are implanted into the gum, which end in a ball that looks like a clothes button. On the side of the prosthesis, there are holes that are the second part of the attachment. Such a device allows the patient to remove the denture on a daily basis for a thorough cleaning.

Bar implantation provides for the implantation of 2 to 4 implants, interconnected by metal beams, increasing the support area for a more thorough fixation of the prosthesis. Just like push-button implantation, it requires periodic removal, but at the same time pleases with good functionality.