What are the features of the implantation of the upper and lower jaw? For chewing teeth, which methods of implantation are possible with adentia of the upper jaw.

There are conditional (include health problems under which the procedure is prohibited, implantation is possible after their exception) and absolute (implantation is contraindicated).

Diseases of the heart and vessels - one of the absolute contraindications to the operation

• chronic teeth gnash;
• increased tone of chewing muscles;
• blood coagulation disorders;
• diseases of the central nervous system;
• heart and vessel pathology;
• dysfunction of the endocrine system.

Relative contraindications:

• inflammatory processes oral cavity;
• thinning of bone structures of jaws;

What is complicated by implantation on the upper jaw

The procedure for implantation of the upper teeth is more complicated than the lower Due to the softer structure of the maxillary bone. Restoration of lost units from above is carried out by elongated titanium root models:

• on sites near the gaimore sinus;
• in pre-marked bone mass;
• after the sinus lifting (an increase in the amount of lost bone due to the rise of the maxillary sinus and filling in the formed space by the biomaterial).

How much will it cost on average in Moscow

The cost of implantation in different clinics is determined individually taking into account:

• volume of planned work;
• used materials, medicines;

• What are the complications after the implantation of the teeth you can wait on the way to restore the ability to chew normally and a beautiful smile;
• What problems sometimes arise directly at the time of the operation, and which in a few days, weeks, months, and even years after the installation of implants;
• A list of contraindications to implantation and their connection with the development of hazardous complications;
• As possible to recognize the problem - what to consider a harmless side effect, and what is a dangerous complication;
• How to maximize themselves from possible troubles;
• What types of implants are characterized by the most low risk development of complications;

... as well as other interesting nuances from a practical point of view concerning possible complications in the implantation of teeth.

Unfortunately, the permanent teeth of a person in case of their loss or serious damage are not able to recover independently and require artificial substitution, since the violation of the chewing function does not only cause significant damage to the digestive system, but also negatively affects the quality of life as a whole. In order to return aesthetics and normal chewing of food, dentists already at the end of the 18th - early XIX centuries began to apply the first, then still primitive, dental implants made from wood, various metals, porcelain and other available materials. However, very frequent complications after the operations of implantation of the teeth forced doctors to constantly look for all new technologies and more advanced materials suitable as implants.

It is due to such continuous research and successful experiments of doctors who are supporters dental implantationAlready at the end of the last century, this direction in dentistry has become one of the most popular and in demand among the wide segments of the population. The most important outcome of such a tense work was that complications after the implantation of the teeth ceased to wear regular and quite expected, and dentists of surgeons have learned to one degree or another to minimize the damage to health even if certain problems appear.

Currently, prosthetics on implants gradually displaces the "usual" prosthetics of teeth, often requiring to catch healthy teeth, or to use partial or complete removable prostheses, which are often called "plug-in jaws".

However, is it possible today when on the courtyard already the XXI century, with complete confidence, to say that complications after the implantation of the teeth and the corresponding risks of the emergence of problems during and after surgery have already been fully gone in the distant past? Well, the answer here is quite unequivocal, and unfortunately, is negative - the complications are still often found in the practice of implant doctors. But why?

In connection with the spread of numerous implant systems, various methods and technologies of implantation, as well as the preparation of many hundreds of practicing maxillofacial surgeons only in our country for the year, at least 20 thousand implants are set. And with this, the number of unsuccessful operations and negative reviews On the Internet - problems may begin due to a not enough qualified physician, due to the choice of poor-quality implants (rarely, but happens), as well as the fault of the patient's dental clinic itself.

How to minimize the risk of problems in the implantation of teeth, how to avoid the most frequent problem with implants - their "rejection", and also about what to do if the problems still have something else - that's all this we will continue to talk more about all this ...

Complications that may arise during the dentis implantation procedure

It is useful to keep in mind that some complications may arise directly during the procedure of the implantation of the teeth, right on the dental chair. Moreover, the nature of undesirable consequences may depend on that the implant is installed on the upper or lower jaw.

The following is a brief list of possible complications that may occur during the implantation procedure (in the order of descending the frequency of their occurrence):

• Severe bleeding;
• Pain;
• Perforation of the bottom of the Gaimore sinus and the nasal cavity;
• Damage to the wall of the mandibular canal and nerves of the lower jaw.

Let's consider these complications in order.

Strong bleeding

During the implantation of teeth, small bleeding is considered the norm, and in most cases it is easily eliminated by conventional hemostatic techniques. Abundant bleeding can occur both by the fault of the doctor and the fault of the patient himself.

In the forces of each person, sitting in the dental chair, reduce the risks of the development of this complication. Most often bleeding from the wound occurs when the blood pressure is raised, as well as in the violation of blood coagulation (taking drugs, "thinning blood", cardiovascular pathology, etc.).

Control of blood pressure, timely reception of drugs under the control of a cardiologist or therapist, the correct drug and psychotherapeutic sedative (relieving nervous voltage) preparation, as well as mandatory informing the dentist-implantologist on the existing diseases, will avoid not only early bleeding during implantation, but also in the delayed period. An important value with the aim of preventing complications also fulfills all recommendations after the implantation of the teeth, when a fresh wound is a zone of increased attention, especially if more than 4-5 dental implants were installed in one day.

From the practice of a dentist

Bleeding due to the root of the dentist arises much less often than most people think (after all, what thoughts may occur in the patient: "Here, I rejuvenated with me all the jaw, now the blood does not stop, unless it was impossible to cut ...")

However, the doctors who are just beginning their activities in the field of teeth implantation and fill the first cones, and sometimes unpleasant flaws occur in work. However, even when the errors are assisted during a surgical operation, even a completely experienced surgeon can easily use modern hemostatic techniques and means to eliminate negative consequences. Only the injury of large vessels that are deeply in jaws, for example, with an incorrectly selected implant, can create a threat to the patient's life, but it is very and very rarely (practically excluded).

Pain during teeth implantation

Sometimes during the procedure of the implantation of teeth, sufficiently strong painful sensations may occur, which, however, is usually easily eliminated by an additional portion of anesthesia.

But in rare cases it happens that anesthesia acts badly. This is most often associated with the individual characteristics of a person. This situation is permitted simply: the implantation of the teeth is carried out under anesthesia, in other words, when the consciousness is turned off.

Therefore, if you are injected anesthetic, but the pain is still felt, you do not need to endure and silent - it is necessary to say to the doctor immediately and immediately.

Perforation of the bottom of the gaimore sinus and the nasal cavity

Currently, this complication of implantation occurs far less frequently than happening before. Progress occurred largely due to the ability to accurately determine the distance to extensive formations using panoramic pictures and computed tomography (CT).

In order to reduce the risk of this complication to almost zero, it is necessary to trust only an experienced doctor with great experience, and in case of doubt - to consult with other implantologists. In the case of a close position of the gaimor sinus and the bottom of the nasal cavity, the "build-up" of the bone (sinus-lifting) can be carried out, and then there are no problems.

The photo below shows an example of bone extension before the implantation of the tooth:

Damage to the wall of the mandibular canal and the nerves of the lower jaw

This complication during the implantation of the teeth does not always have long negative consequences, since, despite the frightening name, it is actually manifested only by only numbness on the lower jaw (most often the lips are eaten). Even without treatment, these symptoms can independently pass within 2-3 weeks, a maximum of 2-3 months.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that the feeling of numbness on the appropriate side of the person may also be a consequence of the squeezing of the nerve in the mandibular canal. This sometimes occurs due to bleeding in bone marginal spaces - blood can exit not only in the direction of the oral cavity, but also gradually move along the spaces of the bone, because the intraosseous jaw cloth is not "solid", and the cellular. Even the relatively small amount of blood in the field of the underwear of the mandibular nerve in the channel creates temporary squeezing. Gradually, blood masses are absorbed, but you need a time when the nerve will recover from such a squeezing effect (usually not more than 5-7 days).

On a note

Complications such as a tool fracture during surgery, fracture of the wall of the alveolar process, insufficient fixation of the implant, pushing it into the sinus upper jaw etc., meet even less. The myth that the dental implant can get out of the eye or seem from the jaw through the cheek makes some people panicly afraid of implantation. In fact, no doctor in the right mind will consciously harm your health using the implants of the wrong length, and thoughtlessly screw them down "until the stop". Therefore, this situation can be considered only from the point of view of popular horror films.

What complications sometimes occur after the installation of implants

Complications after the installation of dental implants can be divided into early, which manifest itself within a few days after surgery, and later, occurring after weeks, months, and sometimes after years from the moment of implantation.

TO early complications relate:

• Painful sensations;
• Swelling;
• Bleeding;
• Increasing body temperature;
• Discussion of seams.

Generally speaking, pain is a normal response of the body in response to the traumatic intervention of the dentist surgeon during the implantation of the teeth, and such pain appears after the end of the anesthesia.

The analgesics prescribed by the doctor usually agrees the painful sensations effectively, and the foster process does not bring too much discomfort to the patient. Normally, pain should not disturb longer than 2-3 days during which the reception is shown. medicines. If pronounced pain keeps longer - this is a disturbing sign.

Soft tissue swelling are a consequence of almost any surgical operation, including implantation of teeth. Moderately pronounced edema are the natural reaction of the body for injuries and the "invasion", in general, alien implant, and rarely lead to complications. Usually, the edema of the tissue is kept no more than 5-7 days.

It is possible to prevent the possible complication in the form of an excessive increase in edema, attaching immediately after surgery cold to the area of \u200b\u200bthe person where the implants were put. In this case, care should be taken and stick to the elementary common sense, so as not to cause frostbite and necrosis of the fabrics (and that is, comrades, which are simply taken from the freezer something icy, applied to the cheek and keep so much hours - it is incorrect and very dangerous) .

Weak bleeding in the field of installation of dental implants can be observed after a couple of hours after implantation, when the vasoconductive effect of adrenaline added to the anesthetic ends. Even if such bleeding is delayed for a whole day - this is not a reason for concern. It is important to distinguish a sucrovice (bloody fluid) from a strong and incessant more than 5-8 hours of bleeding, which does not stop.

It should be remembered that the common cause of bleeding is the inattention of the person himself to the existing problems. For example, the reception of aspirin and a number of other drugs worsen blood clotting, and high blood pressure prevents the formation of a clock in the wound; A number of diseases of the cardiovascular system make ineffective almost all household methods for stopping bleeding. It is always important in time and competently assess the scale of the problem and notify your doctor about similar nuances in advance.

As for a minor body temperature increase after implantation, this is also a completely normal reaction, which reflects this or that stage of the local inflammatory process after the operation. On the first day, the temperature may even rise to 38.0 ° C, but you should not worry - The problem is solved with the help of antipyretic drugs, as soon as the doctor will mention.

However, if, say, closer to night the temperature on the first day after implantation "passed" far for 38 degrees, and antipyretic drugs do not help, it is advisable to call ambulance, make a lithic mixture, and in the morning to consult with your dentist, as this may be a sign of complications after the implantation of the teeth.

Most often, the temperature to such high values \u200b\u200bdoes not rise, but can be held in the range of 37.0-37.3 ° C for a few days, which is the reaction of the body within the normal range.

Perhaps it is also worth mentioning the discrepancy between the seams, often superimposed on the wound after implantation. The photo below shows an example of the normal state of the seams immediately after surgery:

The discrepancy between the seams, as a complication, is almost never a sign of unsuccessful implantation of the teeth, as a greater extent characterizes the result of human behavior. Violations can be the most different: from non-compliance with the principles of oral hygiene and ignoring the recommendations of the doctor, to the unauthorized "coming" in the mouth of the mouth with fingers, toothpicks, etc., which leads either to mechanical damage to the seams, or contributes to the beginning of the inflammatory process. This provokes the discrepancy of the seams in the future.

Late complications

In list late complicationswhich sometimes occur after a long period of time after the implantation of the teeth, you can select the following:

1. Perimplentitis;
2. Deviation of implant.

These complications may occur regardless of whether implants were installed on the upper or lower jaw, their somewhat or only one, expensive implants were used or not very. The risk of rejection and perimplantite (inflammation in the field of implant) is always present, although, of course, quite certain factors affect the likelihood of such an unpleasant outcome.

Popular Medical Forums, which publishes a lot of reviews of people on the results of the implantation of the teeth, often the descriptions of various problems after, it would seem successfully established implants. Moreover, violations associated with the "adultery" of implants are usually worthy among the first.

In fact, the perimpalanty and rejection of the implants are found today not so often, as it would be possible to think after reading the corresponding negative feedback. Each major clinic leads official statistics in its unsuccessful chances, and the renewal percentage of all registered implants is no more than 3-5%.

Moreover, in such cases, people who warned about the risks of rejection of dental implants due to the existing contraindications, or who regularly violated the recommendations for their departure to the implants and had harmful habits.

On a note

Perimplantite is inflammation of the fabrics surrounding the implant. The infection that fell in non-compliance with the hygiene (most often), or in violation of the implant installation technique (extremely rare), can literally eliminate the bone, leading to edema, suppuration and severe pain. Such a complication is sometimes accompanied by the appearance of unpleasant.

Further progression of perimplantite in the event of non-appearances of timely assistance leads to the rejection of the implant - in such cases it is better to remove it immediately, without waiting until the inflammatory process leads to much more serious complications.

The rejection of the implant is often accompanied by its mobility and soreness when loading (when pressing). However, modern dentistry allows you to sometimes solve even this, at first glance the most terrible for many patients, the problem. However, it is not about the fact that the unfounded implant is safely arrived after some kind of manipulations of the doctor - no, it usually needs to be removed and re-implant.

Photos below show remote implants:

After removal of the movable implant, the procedure of integrated preparation of the well to the next implantation, which can be carried out after 1-2 months. For example, with significant loss of bone tissue or proximity to the gaimor sinus, it may be necessary to build a jaw bone under dental implant (sinus-lifting operation).

Indications and contraindications to the implantation of teeth and their connection with possible complications

The indication for implantation is the absence of one or more teeth, as well as the impossibility of classical prosthetics. However, errors and complications in the installation of implants occur most often in those dentists who are guided more than indications than fully consider contraindications to implantation (sometimes this approach is due to commercial considerations, because no one wants to lose "expensive" patients).

Absolute contraindications for dental implantation:

• Chronic diseases in the decompensated stage;
• Serious hemostasis disorders;
• HIV and a number of other seropositive infections;
• Some mental illnesses.

Relative contraindications:

• Diseases in the acute stage, especially acute viral infections;
• Chronic infectious diseases;
• Condition after a heart attack and stroke;
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• The risk of bacteremia in patients with valve prostheses of the hearts undergoing rheumatism or endocarditis;
• Exacerbation chronic shapes diseases;
• Conducting medications deteriorating tissue regeneration.

Relative contraindications give the right to a doctor to delay the procedure of implantation of teeth. For example: after a complete cure of a viral disease, a year after a heart attack, after the end of the child's breastfeeding, stopping the reception of drugs, creating the risks of complications during and after implantation, etc., all this is necessary to minimize the risks of the development of negative consequences at Teeth implantation.

It is interesting

More recently, diabetes mellitus was absolute contraindicated to dental implantation. But at the moment it is proved that the second type diabetes in the compensation stage does not affect the progress of implantation and does not create the risk of rejection of the implant. However, the operation passes under the strict control of an endocrinologist with mandatory monitoring of blood glucose (significant glucose fluctuations are not allowed).

In some people who, by all means, want to get a beautiful smile as soon as possible after the implantation of the teeth, there are sometimes reasonable questions:

• Or maybe still you can make the implantation of teeth during pregnancy?
• And during the acute infection process?

So, the one-time removal and implantation of teeth during pregnancy can in some cases have serious negative consequences for the fetus, and it is difficult to submit such a situation when the operation is simply urgent. It is better to wait. Pregnancy itself does not affect the "engraft" process of implants, but drug therapy, which is necessary after their installation, can have a negative effect on developing fruit.

Even in the event of an emergency situation, such as an acute injury, which led to a fracture of the tooth or root and the subsequent removal, during pregnancy, it is not worth a hurry with implantation. It is clear that the aesthetic problem that arose from a young girl can lead to stress and nervous breakdown, but the health of the future child should be in the first place.

With regard to implantation in acute infectious processes - due to the action of infection, the body is weakened, and an increased risk of perimplantite occurs when installing implants at this time. However, this does not mean that it is impossible to put implants in the well removed due to the exacerbation of chronic podontitis of the tooth. Adequate drug therapy, the competent selection of the system and implantation technology can, of course, minimize the risks of complications, even in such extreme cases, although in general, to neglect contraindications is unreasonable and dangerous, especially when this is done by the doctor only with the aim of obtaining commercial benefits.

How to recognize the problem in time: from innocuous side effects to dangerous complications

Despite the accompanying risks, a huge number of people around the world put implants, get a Hollywood smile and the ability to fierce food normally. As for possible complications - someone is lucky more, some less, but the positive effect of implantation directly depends not only on the professionalism and intuition of the dental surgeon, but also from the patient himself.

Knowledges that allow you to recognize the problem in time and in time to send the situation in your own advantage, there is not every person. And if you rephrase the known saying, it will be a kind of formula successful rehabilitation period After the implantation of the teeth: "Who owns information - he owns the situation."

Suspicious symptoms most often arise on the day of implantation or within 1-2 days after it.

Side effects can occur even after building the jaw bones under dental implant, which, however, does not always talk about the possibility of developing a dangerous complication. Sinus lifting is carried out with a good goal, for example, to increase the bone tissue near the bottom of the Gaimor sinus, so that during the installation of the implants, it does not produce its perforation.

In general, bone plastic is almost always postponed, often it is carried out simultaneously with the installation of the implant. But sometimes there are quite harmless side temporal effects that are masking under complications that can scare.

For example:

• Increase temperatures up to 37.5 degrees;
• Feeling of gravity in the gaimore sinus;
• Swelling of the face;
• Small hematomas.

The fact is that the tissue of the maxillary-facial region have abundant blood supply (it also applies to the lower jaw), and almost any surgical intervention can be accompanied by phenomena, which sometimes scare even informed patients. However, the awesome appearance of edema and hematomas in 90-95% of cases does not correspond to their real danger - that is, it looks all terrible, but is not dangerous to health and does not lead to severe complications.

A decrease in the severity of such edema and hematomas is already observed in the first days after the implantation of teeth (and sinus lifting), and finally they usually disappear after 1-2 weeks.

In general, any surgical methods of dental implantation, as well as the stages of bone plastics, do not fail without side EffectsAlthough in most cases it is not reasonable to consider them complications.

How to distinguish innocuous symptoms that have arisen after the implantation of the teeth, from the developing dangerous complication? Let us give a few examples:

• Pain. As noted above, this is the normal reaction of the body to traumatic intervention, as a rule, is easily removed by painkillers. The doctor is appointed after implantation of teeth or sine lifting. But if severe pain accompanies healing for more than 3 days from the moment of implantation, then the complication can be suspected.

• Edema is also the usual result of the inflammatory process, occurs 2-3 hours after the intervention. During the week, the edema of the maxillofacial area is trained independently. If they are preserved after 7 days from the moment of implantation of the teeth and, moreover, with increasing size, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.
  
• Bleeding. Intensive bleeding for 8-10 hours after the implantation of the teeth most often indicates disorders of blood clotting or problems in the work of the cardiovascular system. If we exclude these basic reasons, then almost always the blood stops safely. Exceptions constitute injuries of large vessels made during implantation, but such complications are extremely rare and manifest themselves with strong bleeding, starting from the first day of operation and more than 5-7 days to form a large hematoma.
• Temperature rise. Just as after the sinus lifting operation, an increase in body temperature even up to 37.5 for 2-3 days is a normal phenomenon. In rare cases, the temperature on the day of the implant installation may increase to high values \u200b\u200b(above 38.5), especially after the implantation of more than 6-8 dental implants, but this is not the result of complications or errors made during the operation, and in 90% of cases - individual The reaction of the body. It is possible to suspect a serious complication if the temperature is not only not reduced within 3-4 days, but also prone to some increase, and in the installation places of the implants appeared purulent separated (pus may have an unpleasant odor).
• Loss of sensitivity in the field of face. The loss of sensitivity of the person part is quite unpleasant, but a very not often observed complication after the implantation of the teeth. Usually reduced sensitivity is preserved no more than 3-5 days. If during implantation dentist surgeon made serious damage to the nerve, then its independent recovery ends sometimes only for 4-6 months. Recovery can be accelerated by physiotherapy treatment methods and drug therapy, without surgical intervention.

Sometimes the appearance of an unpleasant shuttle in the region of the newly installed tooth implant suggests patients to the idea that there was a serious problem - perhaps there was a rejection, because "something rotates and decomposes" ...

In this case it is useful to know a number of quite characteristic signs that are really warning about the beginning of the rejection of implants:

• Severe bleeding more than 3-4 days;
• An increase in edema and its preservation of more than 2-3 weeks;
• Gradual amplification of pain within 2-3 days from the moment of the implantation of the teeth;
• Sensation of "movements" foreign bodies In the mouth, where they put implants.

But for the appearance of an unpleasant smell of mouth - everything is not so unequivocal. Such a smell may be due to both the formation of Muka (which may indicate a serious complication) and quite natural bacterial degradation of organics, sometimes even under the implant plug.

How to prevent negative consequences after "implants" implants?

We note a number of simple rules, following which it is possible not only to significantly reduce the risk of developing complications after the implantation of the teeth, but in some cases to speed up the process of implant adheated by making it as comfortable as possible.

These are these rules:

It should be borne in mind that only a dentist may choose an adequate course of drug intake for you, based on your individual characteristics and related diseases. Therefore, an independent choice of this or that home method of treatment and the drug may be fraught with undesirable consequences (for example, some comrades do not like to smear gums with some ointments: the metrged dental, dental adhesive paste solkoSeril or others, although it is not always desirable).

It's important to know

Still removed seams, perfect food are boiled vegetables, light warm soups and fish dishes (without bones). But solid, adhesive, flour and especially sharp and hot dishes can contribute to the development of inflammation in the implant zone.

After the installation on the implants, crowns and bridge prostheses are important carefully and regularly to care for them. Twice a day you need to brush your teeth and once - interdental intervals. Where the implant comes into contact with the gums, it is recommended to clean it from the plaque and residues of food with a soft brush for interdental intervals.

Well, of course, to avoid complications helps the right choice of the dental clinic, taking into account the reviews of the patients already visited it. In addition to the clinic itself, no less, but even more attention should be paid to choosing a particular doctor who will work, because it is from his qualifications directly depends on the final result.

What implant systems are characterized by minimal risk of complications

At the moment there are more than 300 species of dental implants, which differ from each other in many parameters. However, among all this diversity there are no such implants that would characterize the zero risk of developing possible complications after their installation.

Meanwhile, there are several really well-proven systems that are rejected extremely rarely with proper and professionally conducted implant technology (and the relevant statistics confirms it well).

Select the most secure implantation system with 5 main selection criteria:

At the moment, with the best parties have proven themselves in all of these 5 criteria for dental implants from Sweden, Switzerland and Israel. At the same time, there are more and more cheap analogues of Asian origin from firms that have no long history, nor sufficient experience in using their products. Behind the low price of the implantation of teeth using such analogues, large risks of complications may be hidden, for which some clinics are not always ready to be responsible.

Therefore, so as not to become the hero of the well-known saying "miserly pays twice," - it is necessary to immediately approach the selection of the clinic, the doctor, the firms of the implant manufacturer and the passage of the rehabilitation period after the operation. Then the result of the implantation of the teeth will be really high-quality treatment without any unpleasant complications.

Be healthy!

Interesting video about possible complications that sometimes occur after the implantation of the teeth

Implantation or classic prosthetics - what still choose? ..

On the upper jaw is a rather complicated dental procedure requiring high level Qualifications. Increased difficulty is associated with the structure of the upper jaw, or rather, with its structural features. The operation requires high qualifications of the doctor, therefore it costs much more than alternative methods for restoring the upper teeth. But despite all the difficulties, in modern dentistry, this kind of operation is regularly carried out.

Features of the procedure

Many people are confident that there is no difference between the implantation of the lower and upper teeth, but it is incorrect. The main difference lies in the density of bone tissue, which is very important in the process of restoring the upper teeth. When a person chews food, a slight load is on his top jaw, which cannot be said about the lower jaw. Therefore, the density of bone tissue from above is low, and after the extraction of the tooth, the bone is atrophy enough.

Not far from the upper jaw are the Gaimorov sinuses, which only complicates the process. So that when installing does not damage it, doctors conduct a special procedure - sinus lifting. This is one of the varieties of bone plastics, during which the osteoplastic material fills the bottom of the Gaimore sinus. Only after that, experts are setting the implant to bone tissue.

Note! It has been applied everywhere relatively recently, but according to archaeological research, this dental direction has been studied for many centuries ago. Then people used different materials for the manufacture of implants, such as precious stones, wood or elephant bone. Sometimes teeth of the dead were used as implants.

Advantages of the implantation of the tooth of the upper jaw

Implantation in the restoration of the tooth of the upper jaw, of course, has a number of advantages, if you compare this process with.

The main advantages include the following:

• reducing the risk of damage to neighboring teeth;
• the probability of the development of an allergic reaction is almost equal to zero;
• the installed prostheses are durable and secure secure;
• the possibility of carrying out both with a single absence of teeth and with complete adventure;
• externally, the teeth on implants are practically no different from the present.

When fixing dentures in the process of implantation, doctors do not use acrylic gantry masks, which significantly reduces the risk of allergies.

In what cases is carried out

• violation of the integrity of the tooth row. With the loss of tooth in the calculation of neighboring healthy teeth to install or not necessity;

• loss of several teeth in a row at once;
• the presence of the patient "end" defects (if there are no last teeth in the dentition);
• complete adenatia;

• anatomical features of the structure of the upper jaw, which affect the functional abilities of the entire dental system;
• individual intolerance to the organism of other types of prosthetics, for example, allergic to.

The main testimony for implantation can also be destroyed by the destruction of most of the supporting tooth, which performed as a support for a fixed crown or a prosthesis. In such cases, doctors prescribe an operation to be burned implants.

Contraindications

Almost all problems with teeth can be solved using implantation, but besides the indications, this procedure has a number of contraindications that must be taken into account. Throughout the preparatory stage, the patient must pass, which will allow you to identify possible contraindications if they are.

Relative

Relative contraindications, which are also called temporary, belong:

• proxy and breastfeeding period;
• the presence of dental diseases caused by the insufficient oral hygiene (, development inflammatory processes etc.);
• development of periodontitis Go Gingivitis. Doctors do not conduct the implantation of teeth in the presence of pathologies, therefore, before the operation, they must be cured;
• anatomical features of the structure of the jaw system, for example, bone atrophy or its insufficiency;

• development of acute infectious processes. The implantation of the upper or lower teeth is possible exclusively after the patient's complete recovery;
• conducting certain types of therapy, such as radiation oncology (radiation therapy);
• reception of some drugs;
• the presence of bad habits, such as smoking, excessive passion for alcohol or narcotic dependence is all temporary contraindications to implantation.

All of the above contraindications are eliminated relatively easily during the preparatory phase, after which the patient is allowed to carry out implantation. To continue not to face such contraindications that are detected during the diagnostic examination, experts are recommended to pay enough time to the oral cavity hygiene, especially for 2-3 months before the planned operation. This will save time to eliminate the revealed contraindications.

On a note! Approximately 7-10 days before implantation, it is necessary to refuse to receive diluting drugs, for example, from "KARANTIL" or "Aspirin". They can provoke severe bleeding during surgery, which will complicate the procedure significantly.

Absolute

There are also absolute contraindications that, unlike temporary, do not allow implantation at all. In such cases, patients are forced to resort to alternative teeth restoration methods. These contraindications include:

• the impossibility of holding, without which the implantation cannot be carried out;
• development of diseases of the central nervous system or mental disorders;
• blood diseases, such as hemophilia or anemia;
• failure in the work of the immune system;
• heart failure or disease of other internal organs;
• the presence of diabetes mellitus is a strict contraindication for implantation;
• acute form of tuberculosis;
• the presence of malignant neoplasms;
• diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of chronic character.

The presence of at least one of the above absolute contraindications makes it impossible to carry out implantation. It is not only about the teeth of the top, but also the lower jaw. In such cases, patients tend to choose removable or non-removable prosthetics.

How to make implantation

Previously, it was noted that the implant implantation in the upper jaw is considered almost the most difficult dental procedure. At the same time, the surgeon dentist should take into account many factors in order to avoid complications and get the maximum effect.

Front teeth

In the process, specialists preferably use special implants with instant load, and the therapy itself is performed according to the one-stage method. Such a solution reduces the number of surgical manipulations to a minimum, so the patients are set by crowns per session. But when restoring the upper teeth, a two-stage technique can also be used, which is considered classical.

When choosing implants, you need to be careful, so doctors are suitable for this process with special care. As a rule, designs for these purposes are used with small diameters and with special threads. The presence of a screw thread in combination with a small amount of the implant allows to carry out the operation without additional, which, in turn, significantly accelerates the process of the observing of the foreign body.

Chewing teeth

When chewing on molars and premolars, there is a large load than on the front teeth, therefore, with their implantation, doctors tend to conduct a two-stage operation. This allows you to imagine an artificial root into bone tissue without its further loss, that is, the organism rejection. In most clinical cases, the implant is successfully applied.

Some dental clinics offer patients to install compression implants on the place of chewing teeth. They allow you to immediately start prosthetics if there is a sufficient amount of bone in this place. In the process of implanting compression implants, doctors can set temporary plastic crowns in 2-3 days from the moment of implantation, as well as after removing previously superimposed seams.

Even complete adenatia is not a sentence for a person, since it can always consult specialists to conduct implantation. In such cases, the patient can offer the installation of bridge structures or separate with support for implants. Also with the complete absence of teeth can be applied conditionally removable structures. This is one of the cheapest and at the same time. effective methods Dental restoration.

If you compare the implantation of the upper and lower jaw, then in the first case there are many more complications in the first case. But even despite such a difference, such complications arise after implantation is extremely rare. It's all about a clear implementation of the implant implantation procedure according to technology. Therefore, complications preferably appear not because of the procedure itself, but due to the fault of inexperience or insufficient level of qualifications of the doctor who conducted an implantation.

Note! The most common reasons for the emergence of serious complications after the implantation of the teeth are non-compliance with the doctor of the implementation of the procedure or a poor-quality diagnostic examination, which is why there are no present contraindications. To avoid similar troubles, it is necessary to handle exclusively to these craftsmen.

Teeth implantation are the main stages

Under the influence of certain factors, the implantation of teeth, including the upper, can turn into a patient with the following complications:

• painful sensations;
• the edema of the tissues of the gums and the development of the inflammatory process;
• severe bleeding in the field of implantation;
• increasing body temperature;
• the discrepancy of the superimposed seams;
• implant rejection;
• dumsna tissue numbness.

Immediately after death from anesthesia, the patient faces strong painwhich is saved for several days after the operation. To alleviate pain syndrome, doctors prescribe analgesics. But if the painful sensations do not pass more than 4 days, it may indicate damage to the nerve and, as a result, the development of the inflammatory process.

Cost of procedure

The price of implantation depends on the cost of not only the implants themselves, but also full of prosthesis, dental crowns and a special bone plate. It is also necessary to take into account the city and the clinic, where the operation will be conducted. Below are approximate prices for dental services.

Table. The cost of implantation of the upper teeth.

If the patient's budget does not allow installing expensive crowns, it can choose cheaper options, for example, metal-plastic or metal (if the side teeth are restored). This will significantly save, but it is impossible to exclude the likelihood of the development of an allergic reaction to cheap materials.

How much implants will serve

The main advantage of implants is their durability, therefore the cost of the procedure is high enough. As a rule, each manufacturer gives a certain warranty on its products, but if you choose the average service life, then for budget products it becomes 10-15 years, and for more expensive - from 20 years and above. These figures depend not only from the manufacturer, but also from a specialist who has conducted an implantation, individual characteristics of the body and compliance with medical recommendations.

If the patient after the operation is correctly followed by the state of his teeth, observing the rules of the oral hygiene, then no complications after the operation are not terrible. In addition, the right hygiene of the oral cavity will significantly increase the timing of the implant service installed by the manufacturer.

Video - Installation of implants on the upper jaw

People are often wondering how the implantation of the front upper teeth is carried out. This topic is popular because they are easy to lose or break during injury when serving or unsuccessful fall. Implantology is an innovative destination in dentistry, which makes it possible to create a completely new tooth based on artificial root and return a beautiful smile.

An artificial support is introduced into the jaw cloth, on which an artificial tooth will hold. The design embedded in bone tissue is growing with it, performing the function of the tooth root.

Implant installation technology instead front tooth On the upper jaw, it is slightly different from the replacement of any other tooth. The main material for the manufacture of the implant is titanium. It is the most durable and pliable metal, from which products are easily obtained and forms. This is a very important point, because the implantologist is easy to choose optimum shapesuitable patient jaw bone tissue. There are also materials with the addition of zirconium, but they are less common.

But one patient desire is not enough to carry out such interference. Permission to implantation can only be given a dentist after examining its health and inspection of the state of the teeth. Contraindications include diseases such as:

• hypertension;
• diabetes;
• oncological;
• blood disease;
• ischemic heart disease;
• age patient up to 16 years;
• elderly age;
• it is not recommended to establish implants with smokers.

The implantation of the upper jaw is postponed if a person suffers from the diseases of ENT organs to complete recovery.

Under the implantation of the teeth, only the impact of support in the fabric is meant. On it, at the request of the patient, the crown will be enshrined, which can be made of different materials: metal ceramics, ceramics, gold and plastics. A crown is recorded 2 ways - screwing and cementing. The choice depends on the current situation and the patient's solvability.

Dmitry Sidorov

Deattologist orthopedic

Studies conducted in the field of dentistry for the valve of dental implants have shown that when using medicines against heartburns are not coming. This is due to the influence of these drugs to calcium absorption in the intestine.

Features of the installation of implant on the upper jaw

The upper and lower jaws differ from each other by anatomical structure and functional features. This is taken into account when the implantation of the teeth of the upper jaw is carried out. When feeding food, the load drops more on the lower jaw, so its bone tissue is much thicker and stronger than the top.

The bones of the upper jaw are tightly adjacent by the Gaimorov sinuses, which an inexperienced doctor can damage when installing the pin, they can inflame and strongly complicate the process of operation.

Consider in detail how the installation of implants on the upper jaw occurs. The design of the artificial tooth itself consists of support (implant itself), crowns and abutment (intermediate item between the support and the crown, which plays the role of the binder).

Installation steps:

1. Installation of intraosseous part of the implant. This process is performed under local anesthesia and an implant is inserted into the wampel of the missing tooth. His adhesion to the bone jaw tissue lasts about six months.
2. Installing abutment. The implant with the help of the screw is attached to the base for the crown, on which an artificial tooth will hold.
3. At the time of the fitting of the pin, the doctor sets a temporary crown that holds on the abutment screwed to the implant. It is usually manufactured from plastic.
4. Installing crowns. This is the final formation of the tooth 6 months after the operation.

Dmitry Sidorov

Deattologist orthopedic

In the implantation of the front upper teeth, the focus is made to the maximum accurate installation of the pin, since when the contour of the gums is forming the axis of the implant must be installed smoothly.

After successful introduction of the implant into bone tissue and the installation of the abutment, the gums are sewn by temporary threads. The patient is prescribed a short course of antibiotics reception to avoid complications.

After the operation performed, it is possible and more painful pain, but this is a temporary phenomenon and a few days later, when the fabric will begin to regenerate, these symptoms will pass.

Materials for the manufacture of crowns of the front upper teeth are selected on the baseless basis, since these teeth are very bright and are in front of everyone. Basically use zirconium and aluminum oxide, which serve for a long time, and their color can be made not distinguished from the enamel of the rest of the teeth. They are very light, not injured gums, hypoallergenic and with high thermal conductivity.

The service life of such an implant depends on the patient's health, but on average they can serve from 10 to 25 years.

Comparison with a prosthesis

If we compare the implant with removable prostheses, bridges and single-darkened substitutes of teeth, you can say with confidence that this is the only design that meets both functional and aesthetic requirements, which is important for the teeth of the smile zone. It is reliably fixed in the jaw bone and withstands any load on chewing.

The implants function correctly, which you can not say about the prosthesis installed on the natural roots of the teeth. Yes, and their lifespan is not for about 5-8 years. After some time, prostheses begin to break out, and bacteria and food penetrate them. As a result, an unpleasant smell appears and it is necessary to go to Prosthesist for a new prosthesis. This is due to additional expenses and time loss.

Another advantage of the implant is that it does not occur with the surrounding of neighboring teeth, mandatory when establishing bridge prostheses. Loss of healthy teeth when using implants does not occur.

Dmitry Sidorov

Deattologist orthopedic

The disadvantages of implantation include a high price and a long installation period (up to six months). But recently appeared, which is carried out much faster. It looks like on the video below, who is afraid of blood type - do not watch.

Possible problems

Consider what problems may arise. The most common is the lack of bone tissue. When introducing an implant from all sides, a minimum of 1 mM bone should remain, to obtain a guarantee of strength and durability of the instruction. Dentists have learned to solve such a task, making bone plastic simultaneously with the introduction of implant.

Many patients are concerned about the survival of implant. There can be played a large role as high surgeon professionalism and individual characteristics organism. Although Titan and hypoallergenic, but cases when the body rejected the implant is still found.

Poor enrage or complete rejection can also occur due to the implant made from poor-quality material. Therefore, if you decide to install such structures, it is better not to save. Titan is the only material that the body does not perceive as a foreign body.

Also, the operation can be carried out poorly or large blood vessels and the nerves of the face will be held. As a result, hematoma is formed or there is numbness of the face. This question is to solve in advance by contacting the experienced specialist, and not trust the first thing that happened.

What to do after installing implant

To avoid trouble, it is important to comply with all the appointments of the doctor concerning the observance of hygiene, rinsing the oral cavity and the adoption of the course of antibacterial agents.

After implants are installed, it is important to comply with the following rules:

1. During the day, it is necessary to periodically apply to the upper lord of the ice, so that the eath is not formed and bleeding slowed down. A specialist will tell you about the frequency of the procedure.
2. After 2-3 hours after the operation, it can be used, provided that the food is liquid or masculine and does not fall into operation.
3. The temperature of the received food must be low.
4. In order not to damage the seams, you need to chew food from the opposite side of the mouth.
5. After receiving food, the mouth should be ringed (in the first time it is desirable antiseptic solution).
6. The implantation of the upper teeth has one feature: the first time you need to try not to sneeze and not blow your place to avoid pressure on the sinuses gaymors.

The person's edema and dysen lasts about 3 days, after which it gradually passes. Paints can be removed by the analgesics that the doctor will advise.

Dmitry Sidorov

Deattologist orthopedic

When the temperature, incessant bleeding from the wound, an increase in blood pressure and other deviations, you need to contact your doctor.

And remember any surgical intervention is a colossal stress for the body, so deciding to the implantation, it is important to prepare for it as psychologically.

More and more patients turn to the dentist to restore all their teeth, or one jaw completely. Ordinary removable prostheses, global prostheses and extended metal-ceramic bridges do not meet the high requirements for convenience, aesthetics and durability. You can achieve all these goals with the help of dental implants.

The method of implantation of jaws with the complete absence of teeth is significantly different from implantation in the absence of only several teeth. For example, an obvious fact that you do not need to install 32 implants for the restoration of all teeth. All the details full implantation The teeth are set forth in this article.

Ways of prosthetics on implants with complete absence of teeth

Prosthetics on implants with the complete absence of teeth can be divided into 3 types: removable, unknown and conditional and removable.

Removable prosthetics on implants is suitable for the patients who have already used a removable prosthesis, but they could not get used to it. Any option removable prosthetics The implants will greatly improve the quality of life of such patients.

However, if you have never used a removable prosthesis, then psychologically to such a design will be difficult to get used to it.
In this case, the optimal option will be unbalanced or conditionally removable prosthetics on implants. The conditionally removable means that the prosthesis is fixed with screws. It can only take off the dentist, the patient enjoys them as its own teeth.

Implantation of both jaws with a simultaneous load of plastic crowns

More about each treatment method is set out later in this article.

Lower jaw implantation

The lower jaw in its structure is denser the top, so in most cases enough from 2 to 6 implants to restore all teeth. The term integration of implants on the lower jaw is 3 months.

Removable prosthetics on implants on the lower jaw It is carried out on 2-4 implants. The most common option is to install 4 implants with spherical attachments (or locators). The advantages of this method are in good fixation of the prosthesis, light oral hygiene, ease of design, and, as a result, in its inexpressible. The removable prosthesis on 2 implants with attachments is used in cases where there is not enough bone tissue for installation of 4, the fixation of the prosthesis in this case is worse. Cons of such a method of treatment are that the prosthesis distributes the load not only to implants, but also on the gum. Under the pressure of the prosthesis, the gums are atrophy, so it is necessary to make the remnation of the prosthesis on average once a year. Also weakened fastening on attachments, it is necessary to periodically replace the retaining matrices. The service life of the prosthesis itself is about 5 years.

Removable prosthesis for 4 implants with spherical attachments on the lower jaw

Second version of the removable prosthesis on the lower jaw - It is the prosthetics of the lower jaw on the beam on 4 implants. In this case, the load is distributed mainly to implants and much less on the gum. The fixation of the prosthesis is very dense, the prosthesis is felt almost like their own teeth. The prosthetic itself is made from plastics. It completely restores aesthetics and chewing function. The fact that the prosthesis is removable, simplifies the oral hygiene. The plastic prosthesis is not as tough as a metal-ceramic or zirconium, so it is easier to get to it to get used to those people who have problems with the temporula test joint. The minus of this treatment is that the correctly manufactured beam prosthesis in terms of cost comparable to the non-coordinate design.

One of the main conditions for the durable functioning of such a prosthesis is that the beam combining implants must very accurately connect with them. To do this, multi-unit abutments that provide accurate implant connection with beam, the beam itself should be made on the milling machine. Unfortunately, often the patients offer a beam prosthesis, made without multi-units of abutments, or made by casting, not milling. In this case, the beam will be fixed to the implants with a voltage, which will lead to a negative result, possibly even to the loss of implants due to their overload.

Removable prosthesis on fixation beam on the lower jaw

Lower jaw prosthetics It is carried out on 6 implants in classical implantation. It is also possible to restore the teeth into 4 implants according to the All-on-4 technique, in this case, 2 of 4 implants are put at an angle of up to 45 degrees. The technique has its pros and cons. The All-on-4 will be written on in this article.

Vessel prosthetics completely imitates its own teeth and is easier to suffer psychologically. For the period of integration of implants, the patient uses a temporary removable prosthesis, or the implantation of the teeth is carried out with a single-stage load with a non-coordinate plastic prosthesis.
The service life of a plastic prosthesis is 1 year. It can be replaced with metal-ceramic or zirconium after full implant healing. On the lower jaw in 3 months. The implants themselves are not affected.

In the event that the permanent prosthesis is manufactured on the screw fixation, we are talking about conditionally removable prosthetics on implants. The conditionally removable means that the dentist can remove the prosthesis. Alone, the patient cannot remove him, he felt and functions as his own teeth.

Valid prosthesis on the upper jaw on 6 implants, on the lower jaw on 6 implants

Implantation of the upper jaw

The bone tissue of the upper jaw is less dense than on the bottom, so for complete prosthetics on the implants of the upper jaw it is necessary more implants - from 4 to 8. Healing of implants on the upper jaw occurs within 6 months.

Removable Upper Jaw Prosthetics It is carried out on 4-6 implants. On 4 implants, you can install a coating prosthesis with spherical attachments. The coating prosthesis has the same borders as the usual removable, it completely overlaps the palate. For the manufacture of a prosthesis on the upper jaw without a nose, you need to install 6 implants. As binding elements, spherical attachments, locators or beam can be used. The best fixation of the prosthesis is achieved on the beam. However, the cost of such a prosthesis is comparable to the non-coordinated design.

For non-coordinate prosthetics of the upper jaw It is necessary to install from 6 from 8 implants. It is also possible to establish a broken prosthesis on the upper jaw on 4 implants according to the All-on-4 method. It will be written next in this article.

Usnovka 6-8 implants with a classic way - the most studied and reliable version of the implantation of the upper jaw. The number of implants is due to the presence of bone tissue and the form of the upper jaw. At the time of healing implants, the patient uses a temporary removable prosthesis, or implantation is carried out with a single-stage load with a non-reflux prosthesis.

The service life of a plastic prosthesis is 1 year. It can be replaced with metal-ceramic or zirconium after full implant healing. On the upper jaw after 6 months. The implants themselves are not affected.

Also, like the lower jaw, on the upper jaw it is possible to make a permanent design on the screw fixation - the conditionally removable prosthetics. Only a dentist can remove the prosthesis on the screw fixation. The patient enjoys them as its own teeth.

The advantages of helical fixation are that the prosthesis can be removed if necessary. Unlike cemented prostheses, which cannot be removed, not spilling them. However, the complexity of the structure, and as a result, the cost is increasing.

Different implantation options with complete absence of teeth. 8 implants on the lower jaw, 6 implants on each jaw, 8 implants on the upper jaw

All-ON-4

The All-ON-4 technique (all-by-four) was developed by Nobel Biocare. It implies the installation of 4 implants per jaw with a single-strain load with a non-coordinating prosthesis on a screw fixation. 2 extreme implants are put at an angle of up to 45 degrees, which allows them to get around the anatomically complex places: the sinuses in the upper jaw and the nerve outlet on the lower jaw.

Initially, the All-O-4 technique was positioned as minimally invasive, without bone plastics. However, for successful operation, it is necessary to establish sufficiently long implants, because 4 implant must carry a load for the entire dental row. Unfortunately, not all patients have the necessary height of the alveolar ridge. Installation of shorter implants can lead to the fact that, due to the increased load, one of the implants do not take place. And then all-on-four will turn into nothing on three. That is why patients are offered "all-on-4 modifications", for example All-on-6 (all-on-six implants), because Installation of additionally 2 implants significantly reduces risks.

3-6 months after the implantation according to the method of all-on-4, gaps appear between the prosthesis and the gums, because For this, the gums are remodeling after implantation. It is necessary to either make the remnation of the existing prosthesis, or replace it with a constant - metal-ceramic or zirconium.

Bone plastic when the jaw implantation

The more implants are installed, the greater the likelihood that the existing bone tissue is not enough to install the implants and it is necessary to increase its extension. Bone deficiency can be in thickness (very thin bone), or in height (close swine sinuses on the upper jaw, nerve on the lower jaw).

With a small shortage of bone tissue in thickness, it is possible to simultaneously carry out bone plastics with the installation of implants. It is also possible to carry out sinus lifting (type of bone tissue increases with an insufficient distance to the gaimore sinus) with a single implant setting.

With a large shortage of bone tissue, the operations are first carried out on its extension (open sine lifting, fence and tight block pressure), and after 3-6 months implantation. In this case, the total duration of treatment can be from one year to one and a half years.

How to avoid bone plastics?

There are proven techniques that allow reliably to restore the teeth on one or both jaws without additional bone extension operations.

First of all, it is worth saying about the position in which implants are installed.
In total, a person has 32 tooth, 16 teeth on each jaw. 2 extreme teeth are wisdom teeth, they do not carry a functional load, because they are not restored during prosthetics. From the remaining 14 teeth (7 on each side) the most problematic in terms of recovery are the sixth and seventh teeth (the score comes from the center). They are located close to the gaimor sinus on the upper jaw and the nerve on the lower jaw. Just for the restoration of sixth and seventh teeth it is necessary to carry out long-term bonepoplastic operations.

According to the recommendations of the International ITI Implantology Association - International Team for Implantology, With the complete absence of teeth, it is necessary to restore the dentition to the sixth tooth inclusive (12 teeth on each jaw). This method completely restores both the jaw function and aesthetics of a smile. At the same time, additional risks are avoided associated with the close location of the anatomically important formations (sinuses and nerve gaymors).

In this case, implants are installed in the forefront of the jaw, and extreme in the field of fifth teeth (the so-called protocol of Frankfurt University). In the future, it is established a one-piece prosthetic prosthesis. Combining all implants into a single design compensates for side chewable loads and provides full functioning of the entire jaw on only 6 implants on the lower jaw and 6-8 on the top.

Another problem is the shortage of bone tissue in thickness ( thin bone). To avoid bone plastics in this case, it is possible to use thin implants. However, not all systems ensure that their subtle implants are able to withstand the load during prosthetics through the jaw. Such guarantees are given german implants Ankylos., also a company Straumann. Developed a special alloy of titanium and zirconium, which allows you to function with thin implants without building bone tissue, it is called Straumann Roxolid.

And the last, with a shortage of bone tissue simultaneously and in height and in width, the possible output is the installation of short and thin implants, but in more. Instead of 6 standard - 8 short. The total length of implants will in this case will be equivalent.

What implants choose?

To date, there are more than 3000 implant systems in the world. However, not all of them boast a long history of observations and clinical trials around the world. There are also some implant systems that, despite their reliability, are not very common in Russia. This can lead to difficulties in terms of delivery of the original components of implant systems.

It is worth choosing only the generally accepted implant systems that are used by different, independent doctors from each other. Otherwise, the patient risks to be in a situation where no one can help him.

An important point when choosing an implant system is the type of implant-abutment connection. It depends on it how long the implant will last. The most reliable today is the cone connection implant-abutment with the switching effect of platforms. It can withstand heavy loads, compared with a flat compound, has tightness and does not cause bone resorption around the implant.

At the adhesion of implants affects the purity of the titanium from which they are made. The most common is Grade 4 - commercially pure titanium. Grade 1,2,3 alloys are still cleaner. Grade 5 is less clean, contains vanadium and aluminum impurities.

The surface of each implant is a unique patented technology, because It is on the surface of the implant that occurs with osseointegration - the fire of implant with bone tissue. Serious implant manufacturers conduct many studies, proving that their implants are integrated not only in standard situations, as well as, for example, in people suffering from diabetes or impaired blood coagulation.
The following systems are responsible for all these requirements: Straumann (Switzerland), Ankylos (Germany), Astra Tech (Sweden), Nobel Biocare (USA / Sweden). From inexpensive systems, you can select the Implants OSSTEM (Y.Korore). They have proven themselves all over the world as a reliable and economical implant system.

How much is the implantation with the complete absence of teeth

Despite the seeming high-cost implantation with the complete absence of teeth, it may be more profitable than restoring already hopeless teeth. In addition, the service life of implants is unlimited. Treatment is carried out in stages and is paid too.

So, the price of the implantation of the jaw with the complete absence of teeth depends on the type of construction (removable, unknown) and implant systems.
For example, the cost of an implantation of jaws according to the classical method with a single-dimensional load with a non-coordinate plastic prosthesis is from 350,000 rubles.

The price of a zirconium prosthesis on the implants of one jaw from 200,000 rubles.

The author of Akhtanin Alexander Aleksandrovich. Dentist-implantologist, orthopedist. For a long time Intected in Berlin, Germany. It consists in the International ITI Implantology Association - International Team for Implantology.