Women's bleeding after 60 years. Features of uterine bleeding during climax

Such a type of uterine bleeding is enough to simply determine, compared with the menstrual cycle, it has very abundant, constant discharge. However, they are very often confused. Bleeding from the uterus in the elderly age is very dangerous if it is not stopped in time and not to identify the cause, you can cause huge harm to the body.

The hemorrhage is outer, since it is visible not armed with an eye. However, specialists assigned to him a separate group. The uterus is an organ with an excellent blood system, violations can entail a huge number of consequences.

Treatment and recovery is extremely difficult. In such cases, it is not necessary to delete the appeal to the doctor, since abundant can lead to anemia and entail a number of serious consequences.

The reasons

Almost every woman may encounter such a problem, regardless of age. Bleeding from the uterus in the girl can have an organic or functional character. In case of violation of the structure of endometrial, appendages, it is believed that bleeding is organic peculiarity, and if a violation is observed, then functional.

Woman bleeding can be divided into two groups:

• Organic.
• Functional.

The reasons for organic bloodstures include the following:

• Oncological diseases.
• Tarve the cervix or vagina.
• (Spiral).
• Pregnancy ectopic.
• Miscarriage.

Intrauterine spiral - one of the reasons for bleeding from the uterus

Functional bleeding include:

• Follicular ovarian cysts.
• Stressful situations.

Symptoms

Each woman has different, which are kinda bleeding, so bleeding from the uterus is not a clear phenomenon. Everyone has its own characteristics, for example, in one half of the female population of the selection have an average number and are not prolonged, the other half has sufficiently strong and continuous allocations. But the most important indicator is constant.

Violation of such a process can be considered bleeding. If they appear, from the vagina you can safely talk about the presence of violations, if such factors occur, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. The causes of bleeding from the uterus are of different character.

The signs of bleeding from the uterus include the following:

• Mozhoving bleeding from the vagina.
• Big blood loss during menstrual cycle.
• Selection in the middle of the cycle.
• Active highlights of bright color, sometimes.

Each of the listed features has its origin, it is very important to correctly establish it and assign the necessary treatment that will help stop the bleeding and cope with its consequences.

Every woman should know how severe bleeding is manifested which symptoms and signs it has. This type of selection carries a serious threat to health and life, it is very important to recognize them on time and contact a specialist:

• Big blood loss in a short time.
• Dizziness and weakness.
• Pale skin.
• Drowsiness.

Any manifestation of such symptoms is an urgent reason to appeal to the medical institution. If you do not apply to the doctor in time, followed by a woman's death.

Than dangerous

The uterine hemorrhages are very dangerous, how much they have the ability to quickly increase, leak to a long time, and also sufficiently difficult to stop.

The following may occur:

• Blood loss leading to.
• Massive bleeding uterus, which is very difficult to stop, and specialists use the operational method in such situations, followed by the removal of the uterus.
• Minor blood loss that do not bring any threat to the patient's life, they are a consequence of the development of the disease caused by which they are.
• Intensive bleeding allocations in women in position or women after childbirth, such bleeding is heavy, in such a situation the uterus is poorly reduced and not able to stop him independently. Such a situation obliges specialists to resort to surgical intervention.

Today, the emergency stop of the uterine bleeding is actively practiced.

Bleeding during pregnancy or after childbirth

As a rule, such blood discharge in pregnant women most often arise in late terms, the reason for which is:

• Do not properly dispose of.
• The formation of scars on the uterus.
• There was a previously separated by the placenta.
• Various pathology of the uterus.

Postpartum blood loss can be due to the following factors:

• The uterus is poorly reduced.
• Getting injuries of tributes.
• Pathological changes endometrial.
• Oncological tumors.
• Various kinds of nodes.

Uterine bleeding This nature is dangerous for a woman, and during pregnancy also for a child. There are situations in which there is an emergency to carry out childbirth with the use of Cesarean. In a similar condition, they begin suddenly and acquire a strong course.

There are the following reasons for bloodstures during pregnancy:

• Pathology of cervix.
• Disposal of the placenta.
• Incorrect placenta location.

Bleeding occurs in cases of turning the cervix, the nature of the selection is not abundant, it may occur in the presence of a bacterial,.

The disclosure of the placenta implies its low finding. This state is subject to women who have undergone Caesarean, having bad habits, or women in labor for 35 years.

The hemorrhage that occurred during the detachment of the placenta is of a serious danger to the fetus, as well as for the mother. This situation implies emergency delivery.

• To lay a woman.
• Ensure constant control of the above and pulse.
• With the help of cold heating or ice to provide constant cooling of the abdomen.
• It is necessary to deliver the patient to the hospital.

Help in hospital

IN medical institution Special gynecological branch, patient should have the following set of events:

• Provide therapy for the restoration of blood supply, special preparations.
• or plasma, to restore the blood volume lost during bleeding.
• Using medicines contributing to the rapid stop of blood loss.
• If the blood loss in the patient has a functional nature, it requires a high dose of hormones, such as estrogenic, but with organic bleeding, this method will not bring the result.
• Operational intervention at which the scraping of contents from the uterus is carried out. This method is very effective with strongest bleeding. The material of the damaged endometrial layer is also carried out, the study of which will help to establish the true cause of bleeding from the uterus. When scrolling and removing the damaged layer of endometrial, the uterus begins to quickly shrink, which stops bleeding.
• If the listed activities do not make effectiveness, then in such cases, clipping of the uterine artery is used, which contributes to stopping bleeding.
• Surgical intervention with subsequent removal of the uterus is used in emergency casesWhen all the above treatments do not give results. This option can be considered in any bleeding.

The uterine bleeding among girls may cause the development of any disease that must be diagnosed and immediately begin treatment. Doctors conduct a comprehensive examination to establish the nature of blood loss. There are cases when the strongest bleeding end the removal of the uterus, which is the lack of pregnancy.

Uterine bleeding (in the medical terminology of menometromragia) means abnormal blood discharge From uterus, not related to menstruation and with physiological discharge after childbirth.

U. uterine bleeding elderly woman 80 years can mean the development of any severe pathology. Timely appeal for qualified help will allow the abnormal hemorrhage in time and avoid the further development of the disease.

Similar pathological changes In the female body appear in the elderly women during menopause and climax. In this stage of life, a woman is obliged to carefully treat his health, and immediately respond to any changes. It should be noted that only a gynecologist should stop the uterine bleeding, treatment of problems at home can lead to irreparable consequences.

Physiological features of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a complex mechanism where there is a direct and reverse relationship of regulation levels. For a simpler understanding, this mechanism can be compared with a five-story building, where each floor interacts with the lower and higher floor. None of these floors can function independently.

Table number 1. The interaction of the "floors" of the menstrual cycle.

"Floor" of the mechanism	Interaction
	This is the main executive body exposed to all higher levels of regulation. Accordingly, the uterine bleeding is the main symptom meaning the development of one or another pathology. Treatment in this case depends on the establishment of the cause of bleeding, symptomatic therapy is not a fight against the problem.
	These are glands of internal secretion, producing a huge number of such genital hormones: estrogen; progesterone; androgen. The ovaries as well as the uterus obey the influence of other levels of regulation, localized above.
	The pituitary is responsible for the products of such hormones: FGS (follicle-stimulating hormone). This hormone is responsible for the mechanism of ripening the follicle in the ovaries. LH (luteinizing). The peak of the production of this hormone provokes ovulation, which means the exit of the egg from the ovaries.
	The hypothalamus is produced by the development of antagonists (liberins and statins), which in turn suppress the production of pituitary hormones. In the menstrual cycle system, the cyclicity of hormone arrival in the bloodstream is assigned an important role. As the data of medical observations show, hormones of the hypothalamus should flow into the blood with a regularity of 1 hour.
	This is a central nervous system. Thus, it turns out that any stressful effect gives signals to the bark big HemisphereWherever they come to all other "floors" of the regulation of the cycle, which gives a strong impact on the cycle itself. This explains the numerous causes of uterine bleeding caused by stressful situations in women.

Note. Mineral bleeding is one of the most common signs that the woman appeals to the doctor. Such a symptom may appear both in the very young representatives of weak sex, and in women have been over 20 years old in the period of menopause.

Reasons for the appearance of such dangerous symptom There may be many, so the treatment is aimed at establishing the root cause, and then to eliminate the sign.

Sometimes women in the period of menopause bleeding are not a serious reason to beat the alarm, as minor changes of the reproductive function can be facilitated. Such bleeding is easily amenable to conservative therapy and in a short time they disappear at all.

But, sometimes, bleeding in the period of menopause is severe and mean the development of complex diseases, including malignant neoplasms. To understand the emergence of physiological blood discharge will help the establishment of predisposing factors, age and physiological characteristics of a woman.

Classification of uterine bleeding

Anomalous bleeding is classified by doctors with many criteria.

These include:

• cause;
• frequency;
• abundance;
• menstruation period.

By origin there are such:

• uterine;
• ovarian;
• yatrogenic;
• dysfunctional.

At the same time, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DMK) is separated by the nature of cyclical disorders.

Table number 2. Classification of dysfunctional uterine bleeding:

A type	Description
Anovulatory	This type of bleeding from the uterus is also called single-phase DMK. Appear as a result of short-term atresia or persistence (long survival) of follicles.
Prossamed	The cyclicity of menstruation is not broken, but their duration is 7 or more than a day.
Ovulatory	The name is two-phase DMK. This type of bleeding often appears in women of reproductive age. These include the hypo and hyperfunction of the yellow body.
Metrragia	With this type, there is a random cycle that does not have a certain interval between blood loss. They are not interconnected with menstruation.
Polymenorrhea	The uterine bloodstures are noted at less often than once every 20 days.

Bloodstocks from the uterus can be diagnosed in women of all age, while they have their own features of the flow.

Taking into account these criteria distinguish:

1. Juvenile bleeding. Girls have been celebrated under the age of 18.
2. Reproductive. There are women aged 18 and before Clemakse.
3. Per- and postmenopause. During this period, dysfunctional MK appear, as a rule, which is caused by the disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

Attention. The danger of the appearance of bleeding in women of elderly is due to the risk of developing malignant formations. Indeed, in the period of menopause, the monthly cycle is completely stopped, and the appearance of blood discharge in frequent cases indicate the development of any severe pathology.

Etiology of uterine bleeding

The appearance of bloody secretions in women of old age almost always means danger, since it is often a sign of the development of cancer. When problems appear, it is necessary to immediately be alarming, frivolity can lead to the most unpredictable consequences.

Anomalous bleeding from the uterus can be called any physiological blood discharge, which appear independently to the regularity of the menstrual cycle.

The abnormal gynecologists include allocations:

• if their duration is 7 or more days;
• the volume of blood loss is more than 80 ml per day;
• the time period between blood discharge less than 21 days (menstrual cycle).

For the complete and accurate diagnosis of anomaly, the doctors take into account such indicators as frequency, regularity or irregular occurrence, blood loss, duration, relationship with reproductive age and hormonal background.

The causes of bloodstures can be divided into 2 groups:

1. Related with reproductive diseases.
2. Connected systemic disorders.

With regard to bleeding related to systemic disorders, in this case, provocative factors serve:

• blood diseases with thrombocytopenia;
• blood coagulation disorders;
• vascular pathologies;
• numerous infectious diseases.

Reproductive diseases caused by uterine bleeding are diverse. These may be inflammatory, atrophic and hypertrophic changes in the uterus itself and genital organs. The violation of the hormonal background also does not rarely become the cause of bleeding.

The pathological condition in older women causes such diseases:

• myoma uterus (Leiomioma, Fibromyoma);
• polyps;
• endometriosis;
• ovulatory dysfunction;
• yatrogenic MK;
• endometrial cancer;
• for a long time standing in the spiral uterus;
• cervical diseases;
• tumor education;
• ovarian dysfunction;
• endometrial hyperplasia.

Attention. The main difference of bleeding from the uterus in women in old age is the danger of the development of oncology.

During the period of menopause, a woman no longer have no blood discharge from the uterus, since all reproductive processes stop. During this period, all processes of the menstrual cycle are stopped.

The pregnancy is impossible at the same time, since the mucosa endometrial of the uterus becomes fine, the ovaries become smaller, the genital hormones are not produced, the process of formation of the follicle stops. But not always menopause becomes a lull for female organism, Blood selection in old age is forced to worry and seek help to doctors, because MK always means a pathological condition.

Important. Even the most minor discharges having blood droplets are considered pathology.

Myoma

In the muscular layer of uterus (myiometry) a benign tumor appears - this is myoma. Among all the appeals of patients at the age of 50 years old, Mioma is diagnosed in 80%.

In the reproductive age of Mioma may not give itself to know any signs, and with the cessation of the menstrual cycle, the woman detects the appearance of bloody secretions.

The growth of a benign tumor is influenced by sex hormones, therefore, with the onset of menopause and the cessation of the production of these hormones, Mioma ceases to develop. If there is a further increase in tumor, soreness and frequent blood discharge, this may mean development malignant tumor.

Attention. Patients with a lot of large sizes are proposed to undergo treatment based on the surgical removal of the neoplasm. Sometimes the decision is made to remove the uterus completely depends on the size of myoma.

The reasons for the development of myoma are as follows:

• frequent stress;
• abortions;
• heredity;
• infertility;
• diabetes;
• excess weight.

Polyps

Polyp is a kind of convex thickening having a glandular or fibrous structure. It is formed on a certain section of the genital organ. The formation of polyps is accompanied by bleeding from the uterus.

If a woman is in reproductive age, it takes these bleeding for the usual menstrual cycle, however, it has a greater duration (7 or more days). In this case, the polyps cause severe pain, especially disturbing during intercourse.

In such situations, the doctor prescribes a cardinal treatment based on the surgical removal of neoplasms.

Diagnose polyps allows ultrasound research. Therefore, a woman at least 2 times a year to visit the gynecologist at least 2 times a year and to undergo complete diagnosis.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disease accompanied by the growth of the cells of the internal secretion of the uterus beyond the walls.

Table number 3. Types of endometriosis:

With endometriosis of any type of woman feels:

• soreness in pelvic peritoneum;
• complexity with intestinal emptying;
• difficulty emptying of the urea;
• irregular uterine bleeding.

Further development of the pathological process carries the risk of serving tissues in malignant education.

Ovulatory dysfunction

Owelle dysfunction is associated with hormonal disorders and violation of the yellow body. In such situations, there is a complex and serious process of hormonal failure, they are directly associated with the thyroid and the gopotamo-pituitary system.

Causes can serve:

• excessive physical exertion;
• sharp discharge of excess weight;
• stressful situations.

Yatrogenic MK

Yatrogenian uterine bleeding arise against the background of drugs and instrumental interventions.

Frequent causes of yatrogenic MK:

• reception of oral contraceptives;
• reception of disagregantes and anticoagulants;
• reception of certain types of antibacterial drugs;
• impact of glucocorticosteroids.

Diagnose yatrogenic MK is quite difficult, it is not always possible to even a highly qualified gynecologist.

Tumor Education

One of the most common causes of MK in women of elderly is the appearance of a tumor in the ovaries and the growing cysts. If a woman has discovered a tumor during menopause, it is almost always a danger to her life.

Important. According to medical statistics, women of elderly is most often diagnosed with a tumor by type serous cystadenoma. In the second place in development, there is a papillary serous cystadema. Endometrioma and dermoid cyst appears on the step below.

The treatment technique is selected by the attending physician on the basis of the nature of the tumor and the flow of the pathological process. To determine these indicators, a number of diagnostic measures are carried out.

If a woman has frequent bleeding, the doctor determines the need for surgical cleaning of the uterus. If biopsy results showed a malignant nature of education, then chemotherapy is necessarily assigned after removal of the tumor.

Attention. The earlier the malignant tumor is diagnosed, the higher the chances of recovery.

Ovarian dysfunction

The dysfunction of the ovaries is the most common problem in women during the premanopause period. At this time, the body of the production of sex hormones cease in the body, against the background of which inflammatory processes and endocrine diseases may appear.

The problem is accompanied by irregular MK, having different intensity.

Cervical diseases

Not all abnormal bleeding from the uterus is caused by pathological processes in the uterus and ovaries, the diseases of the uterus become often caused by MK.

Oncological diseases of the cervix provokes the papilloma virus. Determine the presence of a pathological agent allows blood tests for HPV and ultrasound research.

Attention. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to completely get rid of the oncological disease, however, if you begin treatment in the early stages of the development of the disease, you can slow down the process of its progression.

Other reasons

In addition to the reasons described in our article, the uterine bleeding may be provoked by the effect of other factors.

Table number 4. Other reasons causing uterine bleeding in women of old age:

Cause	Influence on female organism
	In hypoteriosis and hypertension (disadvantage and excess hormones thyroid gland) The woman may have irregular abundant blood discharge, or the opposite phenomenon is noted - the absence of menstruation (if a woman is still in reproductive age).
	Reception of oral contraceptives can cause irregular blood discharge from the uterus. In the presence of intrauterine spiral, the selection may be more abundant and more painful.
	Even in the period of menopause, a woman has a little chance to get pregnant. The uterine bleeding in this case means: threat of miscarriage; ectopic pregnancy; prelation of the placenta.
	In the presence of violations of blood coagulation, the irregularity of the menstrual cycle is observed.
	Polycystic ovarian causes endocrine disorders and the impossibility of the release of a ripened egg. In such situations, a woman is either completely lacking blood discharge from the uterus or they are pretty scarce and rare. If bleeding is opened, they differ in their duration, abundance and soreness, this state contributes to the growth of the endometrium of the uterus.

Any bleeding from the uterus, of various intensity and various volumes cannot be left without attention to women in the period of menopause. All of them are dangerous, because the reason for their appearance is always acting any pathological process in the body.

Clinical picture of uterine bleeding

Women with an occurrence of 50 years comes the period of Klimaks, however, each woman has this period begins in different ways. Climax is characterized by the irregularity of the menstrual cycle, and then the calm comes at all.

Sudden blood discharges are forced to worry and contact the doctor, because it always means the development of one or another pathology. To recognize abnormal uterine bleeding, it is necessary to observe their character and condition of the body during this period.

The following symptoms speak about menometromragia:

• abundance of blood discharge, or, on the contrary, their poor;
• the presence of blood clots;
• menstruation duration more than 7 days;
• low blood pressure;
• dizziness;
• general weakness;
• pallor skin;
• the appearance of discharge after intimate proximity.

When anomalous bleeding, a woman has high abundance of discharge. It happens that in 1 hour, the tampon or gasket is filled to failure. At the same time, weakness and dizziness speak of a pathological condition.

Attention. If all the signs of menometrorrhigragia are present, besides, pain at the bottom of the abdomen is added, however, there are no bleeding, it complicates the situation, as internal uterine bleeding can open. The patient urgently requires medical care.

Diagnostics

To establish the cause of bleeding, the doctor prescribes tool methods Diagnostics and delivery of laboratory tests, while before the start of diagnostic measures, it should carefully collect a history of the patient and inspected its genitals.

The most widespread and informative instrumental diagnostics methods are:

• Ultrasound transvaginal;
• positron-emission tomography;
• salt infusion sonoipeography;
• biopsy of the inner mucosa layer of the uterus;
• hysteroscopy;
• colposcopy.

As laboratory diagnostic methods, the patient's health status is given:

• general blood test with platelets;
• analysis on thyroid hormones and sex hormones;
• blood clotting test;
• oncomarkers;
• pregnancy test.

After a full examination, the doctor establishes the diagnosis and assigns the appropriate treatment.

Treatment of MK in women of old age

The tactics of uterine bleeding therapy depends on the cause that caused an unpleasant symptom. As a rule, in the elderly, blood discharge is serious, in some situations only surgical intervention can correct the situation.

Table number 5. Tactics for the treatment of uterine bleeding in women of old age, depending on the pathological condition provoked the pathological condition:

Pathology	Tactics of treatment
Identification of the pathology of the endometrium of the uterus or polyps, but per capita to oncological diseases.	Among all methods of treatment, one of the most common in such situations is the scraping of the uterine cavity and the cervical canal surgically. After the procedure, the biomaterial is subject to histological examination, in order to confirm or refutate the oncological disease. After cleaning the patient, hemostatic drugs and astrogen are prescribed.
Myoma	When diagnosing myoma, the doctor prescribes a hysteroresterate descent with the removal of the Moma node. If the formation is so extensively, it is determined by the need to remove the entire uterus together with the appendages.
"Forgotten" Spiral	Many women, due to their frivolousness, can simply forget about the spirals set 5 years ago, or it is considered that its presence cannot adversely affect their health. After 5 years, any uterine helix is \u200b\u200bsubject to extract. After the operation, it is necessary with the help of ultrasound to make sure the integrity of the walls of the organ. Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as reducing therapy.
Low concentration of hemoglobin	Low hemoglobin is often due to the development of many pathological conditions, one of the first is myoma. In addition, with a shortage of a substance, a person has worsening of well-being, weakness and dizziness. Depending on the degree of concentration of hemoglobin, the doctor prescribes the drugs of iron. It may be injections or tablets.

Attention. Medical observations prove that women who are in menopause, in 70% of all cases of the symptom of the MK are diagnosed with endometrial cancer.

Timely diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding allows you to learn about the development of the oncological process and suspend further deterioration. In addition, the surgical scraping of biomaterial allows you to make sure the nature of the tumor: benign or malignant.

Effects

A frivolous attitude to the uterine blood loss can lead to the most unpredictable and dangerous consequences, up to death.

The most dangerous are considered:

• postghemorrhagic anemia;
• hemorrhagic shock.

Such complications give abundant bleeding. Often complications actually acts as a rising method, as a result, a secondary complication appears in the form of purulent myometrite.

When running myoma, a woman appears strong painful sensations at the bottom of the abdomen, accompanied by abundant blood loss. Such a situation requires immediate surgery.

Important. Nepical bleeding from the uterus in any situation require medical care. Self-medication can aggravate the situation and lead to severe and irreparable consequences.

Summing up, we note that the information given in our edition is informative, and to begin diagnostics and treatment on their own - dangerous to the life of a woman. Only high-quality professional assistance will allow you to suspend or eliminate the pathological processes developing in the childbody.

The video in this article will lead a brief information about the development, the flow and consequences of uterine bleeding in women of older age.

In contact with

For some women, this farewell is very unpleasant. They feel negative changes in the body, fall into depression. Others do not pay attention to this, trying to quickly move the trait of menopause.

Do not notice the changes can not if uterine bleeding in the premanopausal period is manifested and after menopause. They may indicate pathologies in the body, especially the availability of formations. Tumors have both benign and malignant.

When to worry about nothing

When the climax occurs, the bleeding is not always anomalous.

Help his appearance should not at:

• manifestations of premenopause;
• artificially extended premopause;
• reception of oral contraceptives and installation of the uterine spiral to exclude the likelihood of the occurrence of pregnancy in premaneopause and menopause.

It is worth remembering that in the presence of menstruation, a woman can get pregnant. Therefore, protection during this period is mandatory. Bleeding may indicate the improper selection of the contraceptive method. It is important to visit the doctor to replace the way to more suitable.

The onset of Klimaks is noted at the age of 40 years. There should be no sudden disappearance of menstruation.

During this period, there are several stages of development:

1. Premenopause is celebrated for two to five years. At this time, menstruation is preserved, but they have an irregular, weakly expressed character. Changes are associated with hormonal imbalance, impaired work of the organs of the endocrine system.
2. In the period of menopause, monthly terminates. If they are not for the year, their final disappearance is noted. Some women trying to delay menopause, take progesterone. It allows you to return menstruation that becomes painless and inhum.
3. In the absence of menstruation during the year, postmenopause occurs. During this period, any bleeding is considered pathological. Especially dangerous are the selection with clots. Changes are no longer caused by hormonal violations. Sometimes they testify to malignant formations. It is important to visit the doctor who will notice possible causes and treatment of uterine bleeding during menopause.

It is worth remembering that in the period of menopause there may be various diseases accompanied by uterine bleeding. To identify a woman, it is important to regularly visit the gynecologist and treat pathologies.

Classification

Bleeding from the uterus in old age can be of various types:

• For diseases of the organs of the female reproductive system, among which the uterus, ovaries, vagina are distinguished, organic bleeding appear. They can also be associated with violation of metabolism, the work of the endocrine system, liver and blood supply.
• Yatrogenic bleeding are associated with the reception of medicines with hormones in the composition, anticoagulants and other medicines. They are also manifested when installing intrauterine spirals.
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the premanopausal period is due to a cycle impairment due to hormonal imbalance.

Bleeding of dysfunctional nature may have different duration. They are considered anomalous with abundance (more than 80 ml), elongation (longest) and a cycle of less than 21 days or more than 40 days. Normally, the cycle must be from 21 to 35 days, monthly over 3-7 days with blood loss up to 80 ml.

Depending on the nature of violations of the bleeding of dysfunctional type can be divided into several types:

• regular long-term monthly abundant (more than 80 ml) of character for more than a week are called hypermoreria or menorragia;
• with a weak severity of intermenlar selection, metroralia is diagnosed;
• irregular bleeding from the uterus, the duration of which is more than a week, are considered menometroral;
• regular bleeding at intervals over 21 days are polymenores.

In menopause, bleeding disorders (duration and abundance) can be associated with the state of blood vessels or blood coagulation. Also, doctors note among the frequent causes of changes in the endometrial layer of the uterus.

Why mowan bleeding during menopause

The uterine bleeding during the period of Klimaks may indicate hormonal changes that are associated with the aging of the body. Also, abnormal disorders may be a consequence of pathologies, receiving contraceptives, other medicines.

The first changes in women can be celebrated upon the occurrence of 35 years of age. Early menstruations are given to the appearance of bleeding in this period, a considerable gap between birth, lactation cessation with an artificial way.

Influence of climax and dysfunctional bleeding and heredity. In addition, among the frequent causes, infectious and inflammatory processes in the reproductive system organs, tumors of a benign and malignant character are distinguished.

Hyperplasia Endometrial

As a result of a sharp increase in estrogen levels in the body, the endometrium can be uncharacterically to grow and thicken. In the normal state, after leaving the follicle, the ripening egg should reduce the hormone indicators. During this period, progesterone increases, which does not give estrogen to increase.

After that, a woman can get pregnant. Then the embryo is attached to the mucous membrane of the uterus. If fertilization does not occur. That endometrium is brazed and comes out in the form of menstruation.

Climax is due to hormonal failure. Therefore, premenopause is characterized by abundant and long-term menstruation. If the monthly is missing for half a year, then a woman can detect a bleeding character. They have an abundant or scant expression and different duration.

Myoma

Mioma is a benign formation appearing in the uterine cavity in muscle layers. This is due to the violation of the structure of tissues and the lack of normal cutting in the uterus.

Before the onset of menopause, women often suffer from Miom. As a result of the tumor, the nature of menstrual discharge changes: their abundance and duration increases (up to 10 days).

Due to the regular appearance of bleeding, menorragia is considered. The tumor may increase in size until the period of menopause period is stopped. Subsequently, its growth stops.

Polyps

Benign tumors in the uterine cavity are polyps. They are considered the result of the growth of individual parts of the endometrium.

The polyp is an outflow consisting of endometrial cells. Education is on the leg, with the help of which it is attached to the wall of the uterus. It is permeated with blood vessels that can bleed during injury. Allocations are usually oscillation and irregular.

Polyps can be placed one or in the form of clusters. They are considered dangerous, as they can be reborn into malignant tumors.

Adenomyosis or endometriosis

If the endometrium germinates in the fallopian walls or on neighboring organs, adenomyosis or endometriosis is diagnosed.

It can cover:

In the development of the process, there may be rebirth of tissues in malignant. At the same time, endometriosis is accompanied by bleeding between menstruation and severe pain syndrome.

Malignant tumor

Cancer formations sometimes have no expression. Therefore, women do not diagnose them in a timely manner.

It is important to remember that even non-delicate bleeding can signal the presence of a malignant tumor. Sometimes bleeding is abundant or cargo sections. Especially often oncological disease manifests itself in postmenopause.

Ovarian dysfunction

With violation of the production of hormones in the body, the ovarian dysfunction may be observed. It is associated with inflammatory processes and endocrine pathologies.

This disease in premopause has been particularly often observed. A woman can distinguish it on randomly occurring menstrual bleeding of different intensity.

Other reasons

Other reasons for the appearance of bleeding in women of the older age period are distinguished:

Symptomatics

The duration of the menstrual cycle and the abundance of menstruals change already in premenopause. At this time, menstruation may be absent for several months, and then suddenly begin.

The abundance of discharge changes. They either are scooping or become too abundant. These signs are considered normal for a woman who has joined premenopause.

If a woman notes the increased abundance of the discharge, in which the gaskets change every hour, you can suspect bleeding. Also a wrapping should be permanently accompanied by the yield of bunches.

Pathological is considered bleeding between menstruation or after intimate proximity.

Anxiety should be revealed in relation to:

• long periods;
• lack of menstruation for several months;
• the start of menstrual bleeding earlier than in 21 days after the previous one.

The condition of the woman in this period may change. It depends on the degree of severity of anemia, additional pathologies (hypertension, liver failure, thyroid disease, malignant education).

Diagnostic events

To discover pathology in the uterine cavity, a woman needs to undergo a diagnostic examination.

• ultrasound examination of the organs of a small pelvis;
• biochemical blood test for identification of liver pathologies, pancreas;
• studies of the hormonal state of the body provided by the thyroid gland;
• determination of the level of genital hormones;
• hysteroscopy, as a result of which is taken to analyze a piece of tissues of the mucous meter;

How to Stop

To stop bleeding, gynecologists often spend scraping of the mucous membrane of the uterus and cervical canal. During the procedure, it is possible not only to restore the functioning of the endometrium, but also to find out the causes of bleeding. After surgical intervention, the further tactics of treatment is determined if the selection does not stop.

PHIsterectomy is required if a woman is revealed by adenocarcinoma or atypical endometrial hyperplasia. If the mucous membrane is covered with miomas, fibromes and adenomas, hysterectomy or overall removal of the uterus is carried out.

If the changes are not hazardous, conservative treatment is carried out:

• To eliminate the likelihood of repetition of bleeding, hormonal pills with gestagens are prescribed in the composition. They atrophize the ferrous epithelium and stromometry. Also, drugs soften other symptoms of this period.
• In uterine bleeding, anti-estrogenous means Danazole and Gestrinone can be appointed. They not only affect endometrium, but also reduce myoma, mastopathy.
• After 50 years, androgens are prescribed to patients.

Blood-link drugs for uterine bleeding during climax are additional medicines. Weight correction and patients with metabolic disorders are also possible. It is carried out by an endocrinologist, a diabetologist and a cardiologist.

If uterine bleeding even after treatment continues, this may indicate:

• nodes (myomatous and submucose);
• polyps;
• endometriosis;
• editions on the ovaries.

In this case, additional surveys and therapy will be required.

First aid in old age

The treatment of uterine bleeding in old age is based on the causes of its occurrence. With dysfunctional discharges, hormonal agents are prescribed. They include analogues of female sexual active substances - estrogen and progesterone. Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle during perimenopause and warn the appearance of menometrormal.

Organic bleeding is treated during the elimination of the main pathology. It is often not necessary without the help of a surgeon. Oncological tumors are removed operational and complemented by radiation therapy, chemistry.

Effects

Bleeding from the uterus can lead to various complications. One of the dangerous is posthemorrhagic anemia or hemorrhagic shock. This happens with abundant discharge.

Also often occurs infection with the body as a rising way. As a result, secondary complications are developing in the form of a purulent minerite or the formation of pus on myomatous nodes.

If myoma is not detected in a timely manner, then the woman feels a strong pain syndrome in the abdomen and placing a bloody character. Symptoms are due to rejection of the fibromatous node and its yield to the uterine cavity. Complication is dangerous and requires surgical removal.

Bleeding, which are atypical character, should alert a woman in any period of Klimaks. It is important to immediately turn to the gynecologist to prevent the development of complications.

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Blood allotments in older women causes

Blood selection after menopause are a reason for the mandatory visit of the doctor, although this may not be a serious danger. Minor disorders in women's reproductive functions during periods of menopause can be easily treated and disappeared without a trace. However, sometimes bleeding after menopause is able to indicate serious diseases developing in endometrials of the uterus, up to the formation of tumors.

Causes of bleeding after menopause

The bleeding allocations in postmenopausus in theory are obliged to completely stop due to the fact that this period is considered to be completed by all female reproductive functions. At this time, blood loss with menstruation completely stops, endometrial mucosa in the uterus is thinned, the ovaries decrease in size, the follicles are not formed and the pregnancy becomes impossible. It would seem that the female competes in the female body, and it is possible not to be worried about the state of childbearing bodies. But this is not the case, very often it is during the menopause there are problems forcing women to worry, and refer to specialists for help. The released selection in postmenopausal with blood content is almost always caused pathological reasons. The most common of them leading to the manifestation of bleeding in postmenopausage include the following:

• treatment with hormonal means;
• infectious processes;
• chronic diseases in reproductive organs;
• endometrium mucosa injuries;
• polypa formation;
• endometrial hyperplasia;
• myoma;
• malignant neoplasms.

The appearance of blood in the composition of the mucus in women of reproductive age is a natural and occurring phenomenon with menstruation. This happens because of the separation of the mucous layer in the endometrium when the conception has not occurred and the body is cleared of unnecessary tissues. Returning endometrial, as a rule, occurs with the injury blood vesselswhich leads to the appearance of blood in the uterine discharge. Since during the postmenopause, these processes are not performed, the endometrium layer, intended for the development of pregnancy, is no longer increasing and is not separated. Sex hormones, actively participating in cyclic processes, are also no longer produced by the body, which is the reason for the occurrence of Klimaks.

The mucous membralls during menopause become single and dryness in the vagina, accompanying changes in the body during this period, is considered normal.

Due to the changes committed in the reproductive system, the blood loss during the menopause should not be. And not only abundant, manifested in the form of menstruation, even streaks of blood in the composition of mucus secretions at this age period should be alert and serve as a reason for the survey.

The character of the selection when climax

Not always bleeding after menopause is considered an indicator of pathologies occurring in the reproductive system. A certain amount of blood is able to stand out from the urethra of urinary tract or from the intestine. With postmanopausal, hormonal imbalance with an insufficient level of necessary hormones is able to cause the development of pathological processes and in these bodies. To make sure that there is a gynecological problem in the presence of a tampon, placing it in the vagina. If after a certain period of time it remains clean, the cause of pathological manifestations must be determined by contacting other specialists.

What can suggest the character of postmanopause

1. Despite the fact that most women at the time of Klimaks are most worried about dry in the vagina, which gives it some inconvenience, the cervix in a small amount still continues to produce mucus. If it is natural color and the usual consistency, does not cause excessive discomfort, then its appearance is still considered the norm. But if blood appears in them, then most often it serves as a signal of pathological processes that have developed in the body.
2. Blood bodies can be caused by hormonal medicinal preparations used to treat any diseases or with severe syndromes accompanying climax. In these cases, to facilitate menopausal syndrome, doctors are often used hormones. Despite similar situations, drugs with hormone content can affect the organism in different ways. Suspension by estrogen can provoke the growth of the endometrium and cause a minor blood release. Cancellation of the drug is able to quickly get rid of the problem situation.
3. The brown selection color may be a consequence of oxidative reactions, since the cervical canal during menopause it becomes already, then the selection from the uterus cannot be output rather quickly and oxidized. The doctor in such cases will successfully select required drugsTo adjust the hormonal background of the body.
4. During the postmenopause during the washed, it is sometimes noticed that the vagina is a bit of blood, which serves as a sign mechanical damage mucosa. With the cessation of highlighting the hormones necessary to maintain childbearing functions, the mucosa becomes more thin and vary, which leads to damage to it during hygienic procedures. The same uncharacteristic allocations in postmenopausal are possible after contacting sex or during the gynecological examination of the doctor. It can not be left without proper treatment, as the traumatic damage to the cervix, is able to very quickly take a malignant character. Much worse if the blood streaks in mucus appear due to the development of the erosion of the cervix. This pathology may occur even before postmenopause and remain undetected, and can develop after the end of the reproductive age. These ailments should also be eliminated, since otherwise the manifestation of the disease with such releases in postmenopausus can lead to undesirable consequences.

Diseases that can affect menopause

Diseases caused by various infections that appear during the postmenopause period are not always dependent on the intimate life, which may simply be. The cause of their occurrence in the violation of the vaginal microflora, in which, due to the decline in local immunity, protective forces are not able to protect the body from attacking numerous microorganisms. Most often on the mucous vagina with the appearance of unusual sequencies, it is possible to detect bacteria causing chlamydia, gonoronia, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginitis. For example, the same ordinary thrush or vaginite, in addition to curly white discharges, are able to show themselves with the discharge of blood mucus.

One of the reasons for such a discharge may be a polyp in the cervix or on the endometrium mucosa. Hormonal imbalance caused by the extinction of the ovarian functions causes the growth of the mucous membrane or the development of elevations in its cavity, which leads to the occurrence of polyps. Mucous membranes with blood streaks are capable of occurring at intensive exercise Or when separated from the mucosa under its own weight.

The cause of bloody discharge in women can serve as the resulting Mioma, which is a benign tumor. Despite the fact that the period of menopause causes its decrease, sometimes at this age it is able to show its activity in the form of unusual disclaimers. Especially provokes their manifestation of hormonal means intended for eliminating climacteric syndrome or the use of plant hormones.

Quite often, in postmenopausal, there is an arrangement of cells in the uterine cavity - hyperplasia. This increase in cells can be a benign nature, but can and move into malignant state. But almost always, such situations cause abundant uterine bleeding, in which blood clots and particles of fabrics from the uterine epithelium can be observed. If this disease was broadcast before the occurrence of menopause, then when it occurs, the disease most often subsides and does not show a sharp nature. But the changes committed in the body in this period can serve as one of the reasons for increasing activity and cause aggravation.

What can be taken in the occurrence of bleeding

The first thing to be done in a similar situation is to determine the source that caused bleeding and the cause that caused the manifestation data. From the timely and correctly conducted diagnosis of the created pathology, it depends on how successfully it will be possible to get rid of it. In the treatment of gynecologists, it most often uses scraping, a method that is used with a diagnostic purpose. There is a chance that after the scraping, the disturbing of the woman is distinguished by a mucus disappears forever, since such techniques are capable of rendering the therapeutic treatment. Women who have reached the fiftieth anniversary can help the use of androgen-based medical preparations capable of suppressing sexual functions. To eliminate common menopausal syndrome, ordinary sedatives are used.

In addition to the treatment, conducted against the underlying disease, a gynecologist must also be paid to the methods aimed at improving the body. To do this, resort to changing the diet with an increase in the shares of vegetables, fruits and fervent products, especially cottage cheese. To avoid the unpleasant impact of menopause and associated changes in the bones, it is necessary to use therapeutic gymnastics, engage in accurate sports with the calculated loads. Active lifestyle and positive attitudes are able to extend the feeling of youth and deserved to live a period of menopause.

What if you have Mioma?

• You are worried about sudden stomach pain.
• And long and painful monthly periods are already tired.
• And for some reason the recommended medicines are not effective in your case.
• In addition, constant weakness and ailments have already firmly entered your life.
• Now you are ready to take advantage of any opportunity.

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What highlights are possible during click

The age change in the hormonal background leads to the fact that with the onset of CLIMAKS, women appear specific fewems associated with violation of the work of various organs. In particular, the size of the uterus and ovaries decreases, reduces the production of mucus in the cervix. Due to this, the volume of normal discharge during menopause is reduced. But due to the dryness of the vagina, the risk of inflammatory diseases, the formation of tumors increases. Possible pathological discharge. To change their character during menopause, you must pay special attention.

Normal discharge

Vaginal allocations in a woman of any age are an indicator of reproductive health. The fir-bit function of the body is reflected on the formulation of mucus in the cervix. It continues to fulfill its protective role, preventing the infection in the cornelists. However, its volume decreases up to the point that during this period women appears dryness of the vagina.

It is believed that when climax, mucous allocations are normal if their volume does not exceed 2 ml per day, they are transparent (may have a weak yellowish tint due to oxidation of mucus in air). In addition, they should not have a sharp smell. The discretion includes not only mucus, but also plasma and lymph, therefore, they resemble rice decoction by consistency.

Normal damage during menopause do not cause a woman of unpleasant sensations, irritation of genitals.

Types of pathological discharge

Depending on the nature of the pathology, the release of the following type may appear:

• mucous membranes (if they are too scarce or too abundant, have foam consistency, smell badly);
• purulent (thick, have a grayish-green shade, sharp smell);
• curl (white, with lumps, have a sour smell);
• blood (color from bright red to brown, appear in the form of sucrovitsa, masses or bleeding).

Blood discharge is most dangerous, especially in postmenopausal period. When they are impossible to confuse with menstruation.

Blood selection during premanopause

Approximately the woman has menstruation, but the regularity of their arrival is disturbed due to the instability of hormonal processes in the body. The volume and duration of bleeding fluctuates. They may be a selling brown duration less than 2 days, and next time - abundant burgundy red, go, not stopping, within 2 weeks. In addition to irregular menstruation, when climax may be the appearance of blood discharge, if a woman takes drugs of substitution hormone therapy for weakening tides and other ailments of this period.

During premenopause women, endocrine diseases reinforcing hormonal shift appear more often. The incorrect metabolism arising due to poor work of the digestive organs, lack of vitamins leads to violation of hormones. All this becomes the cause of irregular bleeding.

Origin of bleeding during postmenopause

With the cessation of menstruation and hormonal restructuring, the woman disappears physiological factors that could lead to the appearance of bleeding. Now they become only a symptom of pathology (diseases of the uterus or appendages).

WARNING: When traces of blood in the discharge in women during the postmenopause period, it is especially risky with a visit to the doctor. The most terrible cause of such discharge can be uterine cancer. Singing a visit to the gynecologist, trying to somehow eliminate the problem independently, the woman loses the precious time for timely detection and removal of the tumor.

Characteristic signs of pathological discharge

In case of uterus diseases, damage to the mucous membranes occurs, possibly the destruction of tissues and blood vessels. There are foci of purulent inflammation. Therefore, pathological discharges appear the following signs:

• water consistency;
• the presence of foam, mucus clots, greenish pus or blood;
• unpleasant odor;
• cause irritation of external genital organs, redness and itching of the skin in the crotch area;
• there is burning and itching in the vagina.

Typically, such symptoms are accompanied by the discharges such as difficulty urination, accompanied by a throat bladder bubble. In addition, pains in abdomen and lower back can appear, and in some cases there is an increase in body temperature.

WARNING: It is urgent to a doctor, if during the postmenopause in the discharge in the woman's discharge, blood appears, and at the same time it did not take TGT drugs to weaken the symptoms of Klimaks. For the presence of a tumor in the uterus may indicate the appearance of constipation and urination delay.

Causes of the appearance of pathological discharges

The reasons for the appearance of anomalous discharge in women after the occurrence of Klimaks are pathologies associated with hormonal disorders, chronic diseases genital organs, infectious damage to the lower pelvis, deviations of an endocrine character.

Diseases associated with hormonal disorders

Endometriosis. During the entire reproductive period, a woman during menstruation occurred regularly updating the uterus mucosa. It was due to high levels Female sex hormones. During Klimaks, when the level of estrogen in the body decreases sharply, the endometrium decreases in the amount, its growing ceases. Therefore, often with the onset of menopause, the disease retreats, even if a woman suffered from his manifestations for many years.

But in some cases, a hormonal failure (insufficient developing of progesterone in the body), on the contrary, leads to endometriosis. One of the provoking factors is the metabolic disorder. Estrogens are produced in adipose tissue, so obesity often leads to endometriosis. Promotes the imminent growth of endometrials is also diabetes, hypertension.

Endometriosis can occur in women who have undergone operations to remove uterus and appendages, forms on the site of scars. Infectious diseases, imminent immunity also provoke endometriosis.

When climax, this disease causes the appearance of bleeding gas seals, and more often - abundant bleeding, which leads to anemia. At this age, endometriosis is a harbinger of cancer.

Myoma uterus. A benign tumor in the form of knots in the muscle tissue of the uterus. With its increasing, the woman grows the belly, pain in its lower part appears, digestion and urination is disturbed. A characteristic symptom Mioma is the appearance of abundant bloody discharges.

Erosion and cervical dysplasia. Erosion is associated with the destruction of the surface layers of the cervix epithelium, and the dysplasia is damage to all layers of the mucous membrane. With these diseases, white discharge becomes abundant, the smell does not have, blood impurities appear in them.

Polyps in the uterus. Education can contribute to the growth of endometrial, scraping and damage to the uterus in a younger age. In the presence of polyps, a woman in the period of menopause notices white discharge without smelling with streaks of blood.

Video: How polyps endometrial is formed

Oncological diseases

Cervical cancer. In the early stages of the manifestation of the disease. When climax, bloody isolations are characteristic and most often the only symptom for which it can be detected. Other symptoms (pain at the bottom of the abdomen and the sacrum) appear later.

Uterine cancer (endometrial). Options first white watery, then blood appears in them. Bleeding is enhanced, they have purulent bunches.

Video: Factors provoking the occurrence of cervical cancer

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitals

Vulvovaginitis. Inflammatory process in the vagina. During the climax period, the mucous membrane of the vagina becomes more subtle. Due to lack of lubrication on the surface there are cracks that are easily inflated. Dysbacteriosis of the vagina develops, in which the useful microflora dies. At the same time, sticky mucous membranes appear with an admixture of pus, with the smell of fish. The color of frothy seals is gray, pus gives them yellow-green shade. A woman is experiencing burning, itching and all the other symptoms of irritation of the vaginal surface.

Cervicitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the cervix. Immunity in older women weakens significantly, the infection quickly spreads from the vagina to the cervix. If the disease is launched, the endometrium (endometritis) and appendages of the uterus will occur. The characteristic feature of Cervicitis is intense yellow purulent discharges in which there are blood clots. Other symptoms, besides the selection, when menopause may not be.

Thrush (candidiasis). It arises due to the weakening of immunity and the violation of the composition of the vaginal microflora. Development of fungus Candida can contribute to hypothermia, taking drugs and other factors. Isolation resemble a curly mass, have a characteristic sour smell.

Sexually transmitted infections

As in the youth, the woman of menopausal age can be infected with trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and other infections transmitted during intercourse. With reduced organism resistance, inflammatory processes quickly spread out of the exterior genital organs in the uterus and appendages, affect the urinary organs.

With such diseases, the following sections are possible:

1. Trichomoniasis - watery, foaming, white with a yellowish-green tint. There is a sharp unpleasant smell.
2. Gonorrhea - purulent gray-green dense allocations. There are permanent urge to urination, itching and burning in the vagina.
3. Chlamydia. Selection can be transparent or white mucous membranes. The damage to the urinary tract leads to the fact that the urine becomes muddy, there are fristed during urination.

Diagnosis and prevention of genital diseases during climax

Since many diseases have similar symptoms, they understand the reason for pathological discharge, the more getting rid of them, the woman will not be able to. Important measure of prevention of transition of diseases in chronic form Is visiting a doctor and passing a survey 2 times a year.

Uzi will show the presence of any pathological neoplasms. You can inspect the neck and the uterine cavity using a colposcope - an optical device that illuminates and increasing the image of the surface under study. According to blood tests, the nature of inflammation and infectious damage is determined, the availability of oncology is found.

Diseases of genital organs

A significant percentage of bleeding in the menopacteric period depends on the diseases of the genital organs of a woman. Here in the first place should be put in tumors, benign and malignant, as well as inflammatory processes.

From the neoplasms most often found fibromyomes of the uterus. According to A. I. Petchenko and V. V. Slonitsky, who studied the features of the flow of royaltic bleeding between the ages of 46 to 57 years old, in women suffering from the fibromomists of the uterus, women with the Miser of the uterus menstruct longer - menopause comes from them 5-10 years later than in healthy women. Histological studies of the scrapings of the uterus preferably showed atrophy of the mucosa with stagnation in endometrials and only in some cases a cystic hyperplasia of endometrial and polyposis was observed. According to. Authors, Climacteric uterine bleeding in the presence of fibromomy of the uterus are largely associated with the disorder of the function of the central nervous system and with the phenomena of the general angioedera. The reduced contractile ability of the uterus, stretched with nodes, and also often an increased surface of hypertrophically or atrophically altered mucosa determine the bleeding during the uterine fibromome. A. A. Lebedev and employees also believe that the pathogenesis of the uterine bleeding in the fibromyoma of the uterus is similar to the pathogenesis of functional uterine bleeding. In both cases, a substantial role is played by the reduced reactivity of the vascular tone and the failure of the liver function.

According to the observations of A. A. Lebedev and employees, all patients suffering from fibromic, according to the histological picture, in comparison with the excretion of sex hormones, it is possible to divide into three groups: a) patients with asymptomatic fibromy of the uterus with a normal menstrual cycle; In the histological picture of endometrials and ovaries, pathological changes are absent; b) patients, too, with a normal menstrual cycle, but with the prevalence of the follicular phase (hyperpolymenia); In the histological picture of the endometrial, the majority (in 94%) detects iron hyperplasia, sometimes atrophy, in the ovaries is observed (in 72%) cystic expansion of follicles and yellow bodies; c) patients with "annevulatory" cycle (hemorrhagic metropathy); Histologically, iron hyperplasia (57%), endometrial atrophy (10%), in the ovaries - cystic expansion of follicles, hemorrhage foci, blood sclerosis; Yellow spots are absent.

According to our data, menopacteric bleeding is particularly often combined with the so-called uterine fibromatosis - an increased, dense consistency with the uterus, which is due to the development of scar connective tissue and sclerotic changes in the muscles of the bodies of the uterus.

The cause of the uterine bleeding of transitional women is often the tumors of ovarian - benign, hormonallyactive. The latter, having a hormonal effect on the mucous membrane of the uterus, cause bleeding. Such tumors include granolascellular blastomas and tekablastoma; Having producing estrogen hormone, they cause endometrial excessive hyperplasia, uterine bleeding and necrosis.

Finberg (R. Fiettberg) described 6 women aged 60-75 years, in which sudden bleeding occurred during menopause. With histological examination of the ovaries of these patients in 6 cases, granolasive-leakyllular tumors were found, in one - a tekamatous tumor. In all cases there was a hyperplasia of the mucous membrane with mitosami.

Climacteric bleeding is often combined with inflammatory diseases genital organs, mainly with inflammatory tumors of appendages and with different incorrect positions (displacements) of the uterus. In the latter case, fixed retrodiations, as well as omitting and falling out of the uterus have a particularly important impact. With incorrect positions of the bleeding of bleeding, it may be caused by both venous stagnation (in the presence of a pelvic pillar) due to the inflection of the uterine bundles with the vessels passing in them and (which happens especially often) the insufficiency of the muscles of the uterus. When the ulcers of the source, bleeding can be the sizes of the type, which develop on the surface of the vaginal part of the uterus.

During the period of menopause, sclerotic changes are made in the occurrence of uterine bleeding, for which the excessive development of the connective tissue is characterized, almost complete disappearance of muscle tissue and pronounced changes in the vessels (atheromatosis and endarterate phenomena). According to Yashka, Pankov (R. Jaschke, O. Pankow), S. S. Kholmogorova and others. Reducing the muscular layer and sclerosis of the vessels, summing up, can be the cause of profuse uterine bleeding.

The neoplasms are malignant (cancer and sarcoma) are one of the frequent causes of uterine bleeding in the transitional years of a woman. Statistical data of world literature, characterizing the frequency and causes of bleeding in menopauca and menopause in women collected by Hek and Garbut (Garbut) are presented in Table. 9 (in percent).

Table 9. Causes of bleeding

The "Other" group includes endometriosis, traumatic and other damage.

From table. 9 It can be seen that in both periods of transitional years, women in the first place are the cancerous diseases of the genital organs; Reliable hyperplasia causes more than a quarter of all bleeding; Polyps and erosion are approximately 1/5 of all bleeding. Moma and ovarian tumors also play a significant role in the occurrence of bleeding of a climacteric period. The same should be said about inflammatory diseases.

The above data on menopacteric bleeding shows how different the etiologies and pathogenesis of uterine bleeding during the period of climacterium and menopause. The presence of a large number of reasons resulting in the uterine bleeding of this period dictate the need for a thorough and comprehensive examination of women suffering from this pathology. In addition to two-handed research, inspection with mirrors, cytological studies of stalls from the vagina and from the uterine cavity (aspiration), diagnostic scraping or biopsy, with subsequent histological examination of Soskob and in addition to hormonal research, the study of blood, liver, cardiovascular and other systems is shown. . Differential diagnosis The uterine bleeding of a transition period of a woman is of great importance for choosing proper individualized treatment.

The basic principles of the doctor's tactics in menopausal bleeding will be the following:

1. In the presence of bleeding, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate the malignant neoplasm, based on the data of the histological examination of the ospill of the mucous membrane. The scraping of the uterus in menopausal bleeding is not only a diagnostic, but also a therapeutic event that has a hemostatic effect. It is explained by the fact that after removing the hyperplazed bleeding obscured mucous membrane, the uterus begins to be vigorously reduced. If after scraping bleeding soon (after 2-3 months), it resumes, this, with the appropriate clinical picture and in the presence of certain studies, indicates its functional nature. If during the climetterium or menopause ceased after scraping bleeding after 1-2 years or later again appears again, the scraping should be repeated, since in such cases the reason for the bleeding can be starting the neoplasm.

Diagnose the uterine body cancer along the cytological picture of the smear is much more difficult than cervical cancer. This is explained by the fact that cell polymorphism and their nuclei, which is one of the main criteria in cytodiagnostics, is expressed in the body cancer of the uterus, significantly less [Papanicolau (G. Papanicolau), V. A. Mandelstam, etc.].

2. In the complex pathogenesis of menopacteric bleeding, it is necessary to take into account age violations of the highest departments of the central nervous system, mainly hypothalamus and pituitary glands, as well as violations of the function of endocrine glands and other systems of the female organism and incorrectly see the main cause of bleeding only in the functional disorders of the ovaries and the mucous membrane .

3. The rational therapy of climacteric bleeding should be a set of measures aimed at regulating the menstrual cycle.

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In the practice of obstetric gynecologist the uterine bleeding is one of the most frequent symptoms with which patients enter the hospital or their own appeal to the doctor. The uterine bleeding can arise both at a very young teenage girl and in an elderly woman who is over 25 years old in menopause.

But, The reasons that can cause this alarming symptom are absolutely different. As you know, for effective treatment pathological state It is primarily necessary to figure it out in its development mechanisms. Exactly because of this reason in relation to uterine bleeding, the principle of "symptomatic treatment" is absolutely unacceptable, Which eliminates the investigation, not the cause. In addition, given not only such different age groups, but also certain physiological conditions (for example, pregnancy), it becomes obvious that fundamental knowledge of medicine is important in this matter, as well as an individual approach to patients.

In most cases, uterine bleeding arise due to violation of hormonal status, so they are called dysfunctional. In this regard, for the deep understanding of the true causes of bleeding, it is necessary to briefly sort out the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Briefly about the physiology of the menstrual cycle

For a simplified understanding of this complex system, the cycle regulation can be compared with a five-storey building, where each below is obeyed by the above-mentioned, but it is quite obvious that the upper floor cannot function independently without its "subordinates". Such a comparison reflects the main principle: the existence of direct and inverse relations between all levels of regulation.

Classification of uterine bleeding

Depending on the age factor:

1. Juvenile - arise in adolescent girls, ranging from the age of menarche (first menstruation) and up to 18 years.
2. Reproductive age - characteristic of women over 18 years and until Menopause.
3. Climacteric - arise in women in the menopausal period.

In relation to pregnancy:

• Uterine bleeding during pregnancy:
  1. in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks);
  2. in the II trimester (from 13 to 26 weeks);
  3. in the third trimester (from 27 to 40 weeks).
• Postpartum bleeding:
  1. in the early postpartum period (within 2 hours after delivery);
  2. in the late postpartum period (within 42 days after childbirth).

Juvenile bleeding are a consequence of the violation of the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle in girls. The main problem is that the girl is rarely treated with this problem for a gynecologist for many reasons:

1. Shy to tell parents about the violations of the cycle;
2. It is mistaken to think that menstruation will be regular after some time. However, many studies were conducted on the basis of which we can conclude: in the absence of treatment of cycle disorders in the pubertal period, persistent abnormal changes in the menstrual and, most importantly, in the reproductive function of the female organism are developing.
3. Girls confuse menstruation with uterine bleeding.

How to distinguish normal menstruation from bleeding in the menstrual period?

Criteria for normal menstruation:

• The duration of the menstrual period does not exceed 7 days;
• The volume of lost blood does not exceed 80 ml;
• In menstrual blood should not be present abundant Blood clots.

At first glance, pretty simple and clear criteria, but it is not always possible to calculate blood loss in milliliters. In addition, the evaluation system of blood loss by the visual method is very subjective and pays a lot of errors. Even experienced doctors can not always determine the volume of blood loss "on the eye", so for young girls is very difficult.

For this reason, according to statistics, about 20% of uterine bleeding is mistaken for menstruation, which means that every fifth girl from this risk group is exposed to long-term chronic blood loss (anemization).

In this regard, a fairly fair question arises: for what other signs can be distinguished by pathological blood loss from physiological?

Usually these girls have characteristic symptoms:

1. Pale skin;
2. Brittle, dry hair;
3. Dull nails;
4. Weakness is expressed, fatigue;
5. Reduced performance;
6. Configured states;
7. Heart palpitations.

Video: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, program "live great!"

Causes and treatment of uterine bleeding among girls

The main reason for such disorders of the menstrual cycle is to change the hormonal status, namely:

• Violation of the production of hormone progesterone ovarian;
• Changes in the ratio of pituitary hormones (increase in the follicularity-free (FSH) hormone and a decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH). The insufficient level of LH also leads to the fact that no ovulation occurs;
• Excessive content of estrogen in the body;
• Pathology of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands.

Important! For the full functioning of the female sexual system, it is important not only the quantitative content of hormones (their concentration in the blood), but also the ratio of one to the other. In other words, if, according to the results of the study, the concentration of sex hormones is placed in physiological normThis still does not testify to full well-being. It is for this reason that only a doctor can correctly evaluate the results of laboratory research.

In addition, the causes of uterine bleeding are also:

1. Disorders of the coagulation system of blood (thrombocytopathy,);
2. Various anomalies of the development of the uterus;
3. Adenomyosis is manifested by long-term menstrual bleeding, which is accompanied by severe pain in the lower parts of the abdomen;
4. Oncological blood diseases ();
5. Ovarian cysts;
6. Pituitary tumors;
7. Inflammatory diseases of female genital organs sometimes lead to uterine bleeding;
8. Increase endometrial thickness or polyp in the uterine cavity.

Methods for the treatment of juvenile uterine bleeding

Treatment should be primarily aimed at:

• Stopping bleeding to the rapid time limit;
• Treatment of anemia with a large blood loss;
• Elimination of the cause of bleeding in order to prevent the repeat of this situation.

Unfortunately, sometimes the treatment stops at the first two points, and until the reason for clarification, the case does not reach. But this is rooted incorrectly, as it is possible to fight solely with a consequence - this is a useless occupation. In addition, the lack of treatment itself leads not only to the risk of repeated bleeding, but also to the violations of the reproductive function in the future.

It includes the hemostatic drugs:

Treatment of such a complication of uterine bleeding, like:

• With severe anemia, when hemoglobin is less than 59 g / l, do not do without.
• Effectively increase the level of hemoglobin intravenous gland preparations, such as "Licferr", "Wenimer", "Argeferr", "Feriect". Infusion of 1 packaging of these drugs is sufficient to increase hemoglobin by 20-30 g / l for the rapid period of time. The only drawback is a high price.
• With anemia, it is enough to do with tableted drugs ("sorbifer", "Ferrum-Leka", "Ferro-Folgamma", "Feneuls", "Malto").
• In parallel with the use of iron preparations, vitamins of the group B. The most effective scheme of alternation is most effective in the day of intramuscular injections of Vitamins B6 ("Pyridoxine chloride") and B12 ("Cyancobalamina").
• Do not forget about the observance of the diet: the use of meat, liver, apples, plums, carrots, beets.

Stage Third - Elimination of the cause of bleeding:

With proven hormonal disorders, you can assign combined oral contraceptives for 3 months.

When progesterone failure, it is necessary to take into the second phase of the menstrual cycle "Dupaston" for 3-6 months.

With functional disorders at the level of the hypothalamus, it is enough to adhere to the vitaminotherapy, as well as under the course of endonazal electrophoresis with vitamin B1 for the correction of the cycle. Effectively appointing the drugs "Glycine", "Nootropyl", "Asparkam" to normalize metabolic processes in the central nervous system.

If the girl had psychological injury or stress, it is advisable to consult a psychologist.

When confirmed by the diagnosis of "adenomyosis", the treatment of this pathology is necessary.

When carrying out all three stages of treatment, practically 90% of girls during the first year is completely restored to a normal menstrual function, And also cease episodes of repeated uterine bleeding.

Uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age

According to statistical data each third woman had uterine bleeding at least once in his life. This means that the study of this problem needs to pay due attention.

The reasons

Principles of treatment

Given the diversity of the reasons that cause bleeding in women of reproductive age, for proper treatment, it is necessary first of all to conduct a thorough diagnosis.

The main principle of treatment of uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age is the preservation of its childbearing and menstrual function.

Video: The problem of the uterine bleeding in the program "Live healthy!"

Bleeding during pregnancy

Obstetric bleeding to this day are one of the main causes of maternal mortality. Despite the development of new methods for diagnosing and treatment, these bleeding is not fully avoided even in the best clinics and perinatal centers.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy:

• Chorion delay (early) or placenta detachment;
• Antiphospholipid syndrome;
• Hellp syndrome;
• Disorders of the coagulation system of the blood of a pregnant woman;
• Threatening spontaneous abortion;
• The resulting or accomplice of the uterus.

Treatment of obstetric bleeding is a challenging task for a doctor, as many factors affect tactics: the state of the fetus, the term of pregnancy, is there a threat to the life of the mother, the volume of bleeding, etc.

Basic principles of treatment:

Important! Bleeding during pregnancy - an extremely unfavorable symptom. Provide qualified assistance in such a situation only a doctor, no ways of treatment folk remedies At home should not be!

Uterine bleeding after childbirth

According to statistics, 2% of all kinds are complicated by postpartum bleeding.

The most frequent reasons:

• Reducing the tone of the uterus after delivery (there may be a consequence of uterine abstinement in large fruit, multi-way);
• The increment of the placenta to the inner surface of the uterus;
• Delay of the parts of the placenta in the uterine cavity;
• Cervical breaks in childbirth;
• Continuation of the cervix break to the lower segment of the uterus;
• Pathology of blood coagulation system;
• The discrepancy between the seams after the cesarean section.

The treatment of postpartum bleeding should be carried out as soon as possible, since the uterine bleeding after delivery can be very massive and lead to a serious blood loss.

Important! The first 24 hours after childbirth are the most dangerous to develop bleeding. Therefore, during this period there should be round-the-clock monitoring of the state of the woman.

After extracting from the maternity hospital for the prevention of bleeding, a woman needs to independently take funds cutting the uterus: a tincture of water pepper or a decoction of nettle. These tools help return the uterus to normal sizes.

Women's bleeding in menopause

Blood selection when climax is always an alarming sign. It is impossible to treat it lightly and irresponsible.

The main causes of bleeding in menopause:

• Endometrial hyperplasia;
• Precancerous processes in endometrial;
• Endometrial cancer;
• Submucose mioma of the uterus;
• "Forgotten" intrauterine spiral.

Obviously, there are not so many reasons, but they are all very serious.

The main difference in medical tactics in the uterine bleeding in women in menopause is an oncological alertness.

Principles of treatment:

The predominance of surgical tactics towards the uterine bleeding during Klimaks allows you to recognize a benign or malignant nature of the pathological process.

conclusions

Depending on the age of a woman, the causes that cause uterine bleeding are different. It means that therapeutic tactics with the elimination of the cause cannot be the same type and universal for all patients.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the principle of "continuity" pathologies. The essence of the principle is that the absence of treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the pubertal period can lead to chronic anovenation and endocrine infertility in reproductive age. And this, in turn, is a "bridgehead" for the development of benign and malignant pathological processes of endometrial in menopause. It is for this reason that the uterine bleeding should be treated seriously at any age.

Video: Lecture in uterine bleeding

The uterine bleeding (menometrography) is bleeding from a uterus that is not associated with menstruation and physiological blood loss after childbirth. In the elderly, menometrorragia may indicate the presence of a serious disease, so it is important to recognize bleeding on time and take measures to stop it.

Women aged face bleeding during periods of climax and menopause. During this period, women need to be attentively treating their body, able to independently distinguish between menstrual from menstruation. Stopping bleeding and treatment causes are carried out only by a doctor, homework is unacceptable.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

In young age, women menstruation passes with a certain periodicity, so the sudden appearance of blood is always alarming. In old age, the situation is more complicated: since menstruation is irregular, women often take bleeding from the uterus. The following symptoms may indicate about menometrography:

• Abundant discharge with clots;
• Menstruation more than a week;
• Decrease in blood pressure;
• Weakness and dizziness;
• Skin pallor.

With menometrorragia, the cervix is \u200b\u200bbleeding abundantly, the gasket or tampon can be completely filled in an hour. In the blood there is a large number of clots. Abundant blood discharges are forced to wake up at night and change gaskets. Significantly worsens general well-being, weakness is felt, dizziness appears. A large loss of blood leads to a decrease in blood pressure, signs of anemia appear.

If weakness, dizziness, pain at the bottom of the abdomen are observed, and there are no bleeding with bunches, possibly internal bleeding. This situation requires immediate hospitalization. It is necessary to urgently call ambulance And take the rest of the rest before it.

If you have at least one symptom of bleeding from the cervix, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible and pass tests to confirm the diagnosis. Home treatment with the use of folk remedies may not give the desired effect and aggravate the situation. Especially since bleeding stop at all indicates the elimination of the cause, which may be a serious illness.

Why is the bleeding uterus in old age?

In women aged 45-55 years, bleeding from the cervix is \u200b\u200bassociated with irregular emission of hormones, a violation of the ovulation cycle, the development of a yellow body, folliclegenesis.

Spontaneous bleeding indicate the extinction of the ovarian function during the Climax period. In addition to disruption of hormonal background, bleeding can be caused by diseases of the genitals. Frequent causes of menometrorrhigue in old age are:

• Myoma uterus;
• Endometriosis;
• Polyps of the uterus;
• Malignant neoplasms of genital organs.

The cervical mioma arises as a result of the active division of the cells of the uterus, leading to the formation of a benign tumor of muscle tissue. The active division of cells in high secretion of estrogen is stimulated. The causes of the development of Moma are stress, numerous abortions, infertility, hereditary predisposition, diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease, in which the cells of the inner layer of the uterus wall are expanded beyond the limits of the inner layer. Within genital organs, genital endometriosis develops. Output internal (adenomyosis) and external genital endometriosis. At adenomyosis, the internal and outer layers of the uterus are growing. With external genital endometriosis, ovaries are affected and the puzzles. Bleeding in endometriosis is accompanied by pelvic pains and difficulty intestinal emptying and bladder processes.

More details about such a disease as endometriosis, you can find out after watching this video:

Polyps are benign education, the development of which can undergo asymptomatic. Bleedings in polyps most often occur in pre- and postmenstrual periods, during and after intercourse. It is also possible to increase the menstrual secretions and the appearance of mucous discharge from the vagina.

Malignant neoplasms of the genital organs are the most serious cause of menometroral. Tumor localization zone can be uterus, cervical, ovaries. If a tumor is suspected, a number of studies needed to exclude cancer. The earlier the tumor and its character will be detected, the greater the likelihood of recovery.

Abundant blood discharge from cervix accompany not only gynecological diseases, but also diseases of the thyroid gland and the circulatory system. Bleeding neck with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which are accompanied by a disruption of the function of the thyroid gland, as well as with a decrease in platelet levels caused by blood diseases.

In addition to changing the hormonal background and diseases, the cause of bleeding from the cervical cavity in old age can be mental disorders and the use of intrauterine contraceptives. In these cases, abundant breakthrough blood discharges with clots are observed. When using intrauterine spiral, the appearance of bloody discharges with clots is due to the adaptation period or damage to the uterus spiral.

Treatment of cervical bleeding

The first measure in the treatment of bleeding from the cervix is \u200b\u200bthe urgent stop of bleeding. With the appearance of abundant bloody discharge with clots, it is necessary to turn to the gynecologist as quickly as possible, since large blood loss is fraught with the development of anemia. Treatment at home by folk remedies is unacceptable, an exception is possible if a certain popular recipe was recommended by a doctor.

To stop the bleeding of the uterus, hemostatic drugs are used. Depending on the situation, the doctor can assign hormone therapy. Hormone treatment is effective as an emergency measure or long-term therapy method. Typically, the course of hormone therapy includes the reception of oral contraceptives that contribute to the restoration of the hormonal balance.

To quickly stop bleeding, uterine cleaning (scraping) is used. The endometrium scraping from the scraping is sent to histological examination, which allows to determine the exact cause of menometroral. The soreness of the cleaning procedure is minimized due to the use modern methods and painkillers.

Details about scraping you can find out from this video:

Abundant bloodstures at menometrorrhigue lead to anemia. To normalize the level of hemoglobin in the blood, preparations are prescribed with iron content. With small blood loss, preparations are prescribed in the form of tablets. If pronounced anemia is observed, the drugs are introduced intramuscularly.

The loss of blood is for the body with stress, so after the transferred menometromragia, physiotherapy is prescribed, igloreflexotherapy, a course of vitamins. If the bleeding was caused by a mental disorder, a regenerating course is appointed with the reception of sedatives. It is useful to review the lifestyle, the elimination of stress and bad habits.