Help with mechanical eye injury. First aid for injury

Eye is a fragile structure, has a spherical body filled with liquid. The front wall is called the cornea, then a rainbow shell of the eye, the pupil - the hole in the iris is narrowed with bright light, and in the dark, on the contrary, it expands, thus, the iris adjusts the amount of light in the pupil. Through the cornea and pupil light hits a lens. Under the influence of his muscles around him, it is constantly stretched or narrows, easily changing his curvature. The constantly changing form of the lens allows the rays of light from the object to focus accurately on the retina, the inner shell eyeball.

First assistance in injury eye blunt item

Eye injury is a blunt subject or the so-called stupid injury, maybe in case of a blow to the eye, for example, when playing the ball, in winter when playing in snowballs, with a fight "fist in the eye". If the injury is superficial, the mucous eye is very quickly regenerated and is superbly restored. Literally, two and superficial blows disappear and it is almost very difficult to notice. If a more serious traumatic factor has affected, which entailed inflammatory processIn the future, the development of conjunctivitis is possible. In the case of joining a purulent infection, you can lose your eyes. In such cases, there is a need to appeal to specialists - ophthalmologists.

When such injury happened, then first needed to calm the victim and, if possible, to put or sit down. Attach something cold, you can get an apple from a refrigerator or a piece of meat from the freezer, wrap in polyethylene, then in a clean handkerchief and attach to an eye for 25-30 minutes. Doctors recommend to drip the disinfecting drops into the eye or wipe it with a welding, chamomile decoction, sage. In no case do not use tinctures on alcohol, because it can additionally injure the mucous membrane and even cause the burden. Next impose a sterile bandage or bandage on the eye and, if possible, contact a specialist.

After all, only a doctor can render qualified help, Testing will be able to take steps to avoid complications in the future. In some cases, with such injuries, you can do home, independent treatmentIf there are no worsening of well-being and external changes in the eye area. The main condition for such injuries is the peace of the victim and the cold on the injured place. And in extreme cases, a mandatory and urgent visit to the doctor.

First aid when injured eyes acute subject

Since the eyes are steam organs, when it moves healthy, it can cause the victim's movement that further worsen his injury. Therefore, if you can wait ambulance Or carry a non-violent patient yourself - you will need to close the bandage both eyes. It is categorically impossible to take attempts in order to get a foreign body located in the eye. Since this can lead to even greater bleeding and tissue injury. In this case, you need to make a thin roller from the bandage and cotton rollers, roll it in the form of a spruce and impose around the foreign body, securing the bandage or using a dressing.
Only a highly qualified specialist can be engaged in the diagnosis and such eye injury. After the immediate hospitalization of the victim in the hospital, the specialist conducts radiography of the eyeball and only then processes the removal of the foreign body.

Level the consequences of entering into the eye feeding fluids (video: first aid for eye injury)

Eye injuries are also happened: when chemicals, washing powder, glue, household chemicals. Such wound factors call the eye. Ophthalmologists consider chemicals very dangerous. In this case, it is necessary to wash the eyes immediately under the jet of warm water, slightly pulling the eyelid and tilting the head so that the water flows from the nose to the duck. As soon as possible and carefully remove the remains of the chemical.

After washing, it is necessary to impose a sterile bandage and urgently go to the doctor. Also possible is a variant of fast help when an anti-inflammatory instrument is injected into the eye: 20% solution of sodium sodium or 10% solution of sulfapiride. It can also help with such injuries can a solution of furaciline and any eye antiseptic, which can be in the first-aid kit. After all the necessary procedures, the victim is desirable to give an anesthetic. It is very important, urgently get to the hospital as soon as possible.

The largest number of appeals to the ophthalmologist caused by surface injuries due to exposure external factors: mechanical, chemical, thermal, electromagnetic radiation, etc.

Eye injuries arise as a result of sudden surface damage to the cornea, conjunctivations and a century, the function of which is to protect the eyeball. They may occur anywhere and at any time - at work, at home, in the gym. Most often their cause becomes inattention in the workplace, hurry and non-compliance with safety. Such injuries may be caused by lifelong disability, but usually, with timely hospitalization, it is possible to completely restore vision.

If the cornea is damaged, treatment is often conservative, any unqualified intervention is excluded. With severe injury, an operation is necessary.

Causes of damage varied:

metal chips in the eye, scale when welding metal, glass fragments;
blows stupid or sharp objects;
burns with flame or chemicals.

All of them are dangerous for sight and require immediate appeal to the doctor. Household and not requiring medical care can be considered to enter the eye midges, sorties, eyelashes.

The severity of damage is inversely proportional to the pain that the patient is experiencing. Even the dipping of the sand can cause a strong attack of pain, while the penetrating injury does not cause such a symptom, but it is more dangerous.

Classification

Eye damage is divided by its origin on:

mechanical.
thermal.
chemical.
ultraviolet radiation.

TO mechanical damage The injuries of the eye obtained in the fall, when stroking Tupim or sharp objects (branches of trees, fingers), the ingress of foreign bodies: glass, metal, sand, chips, etc. They are open and closed. TO closed injuries These bruises and the most common erosion.

Open damage include:

cracks or scratches on the cornea (after stupid injury);
the penetrating wound (the entrance and exit are in the same place) - damage to the eyeball is a sharp object;
perfory wounds of the eyeball (entrance and weekends are located in different places);
foreign bodies intraocular.

Thermal belongs to the burns of the outer shells of the eye with fire, hot objects, to chemical - injury as a result of influence on the eye by chemicals (acids, alkalis, alcohol, etc.).

At the localization site of the traumatic agent, such options for the development of injury are considered:

damage to the cornea or erosion can lead to her clouding and detachment.
damage to the mucous membrane or conjunctivations are accompanied by subconjunctive hemorrhage (there is a red eye protein after hitting). The ruptures of the conjunctiva are dangerous in that they can hide the gap of the inner shells and require stitching.
damage to the century includes wounds with hemorrhage. In the area of \u200b\u200binjury, hematomas are possible with a change in skin color. First of all, you should treat the wound and attach cold.
eyeless damage and appendages are dangerous such consequences as the displacement of the bones of the orbit, the violation of the mobility of the eye, the loss of the shells, etc.

Symptomatics

Often patients experience such symptoms:

sharp pain;
constant tearing;
the inability to look at the light;
reducing the quality of view;
century swelling;
hemorrhage in the cavity of the eye.

Diagnostics

After the patient's poll, the doctor should inspect the sick eye and, if necessary, assign additional methods Surveys. To eliminate penetrating injury and learn the depth of the cornea defeat, doctors bury the eyes fluoresian solution. The indicators of visual acuity and intracranial pressure are important. Further, the doctor must examine the inner surface of the upper and lower eyelid for the presence of a remnant of damaging bodies and followed by their removal.

In severe injuries, they are resorted to an x-ray of the eye, magnetic resonance and computed tomography. To identify complications, retinal angiography are prescribed.

Treatment

Eye damage occurs quite often. Such injuries are often very dangerous and bear the threat of blindness, so the treatment should only conduct a specialist. With the injury of the century or if the sick of the eye of the eye, first of all should be treated wound and attach cold.

If the Sorinka just got, you can independently provide first help and clean your eyes. For this you need:

pouch upper eyelid To the base.
holding the eyelids in this way and holding an open eye, gently rinse it towards the inner corner.
if the foreign body is under the lower eyelid, carefully get it with a sterile napkin or a pure handker.

After that, it is necessary to contact the hospital, since even the small sand can cause strong irritation.

Treatment of injuries of the cornea, especially if the foreign body is stuck in it, it is impossible to spend yourself and try to pull out the subject. We need to urgently consult a doctor.

After inkjet washing, the doctor from the eye takes the foreign bodies using a microscope and special tools.

It is impossible to resort to the help of unqualified people and clean the eye cleaning, thus exposing its health at risk. If the rogue wound is shallow (small scratch), absolutely waterproof and does not violate the curvature of the cornea, it is subject to stitching. If the injury is deep and accompanied by the iris, reconstruction is needed. A poorly stitched cornea will negatively influence the quality of view. The effects of cornea damage depend on the depths of injury and can lead to complete loss of vision.

Since items could be infected and containing bacteria, often eye drops When injured, the eyes are prescribed with an antibiotic to protect the organ from developing infection in it and prevent infection of healthy. Also use healing eye ointment. For removing owl syndrome Use painkillers.

In erosion of the cornea, that is, shallow light damage, the cure occurs already after 48 hours. A little longer the healing process occurs in people, patients diabetes Or with dry eye syndrome. There is no need to stick the eye with a bandage, but it is worth being observed by a doctor until the wound healing.

In case of damage, conjunctivations resort to surgical operation In the event that the adjacent edges is not optimal. But usually this method is not used, but give the wound to heal, using only protective contact lenses And other drugs.

Chemical burns are usually caused by alkalis or acids. In such cases, immediate assistance is needed, since irreversible consequences occur very quickly. Privacy is as follows: Discover the eye as wide as possible and rinse with running water. about twenty minutes In the direction of the nose, so that the remote chemical does not affect healthy eyes. Next, you need to urgently consult a doctor.

Light burns arise in cases of direct penetration of the stream of ultraviolet rays or with a long walk through the snow in a bright sunny day. It is necessary to cover the eyes with a wet, sterile cold bandage, while avoiding the structures of the organ.

With serious injuries, complete cure is usually impossible. The ultimate visual acuity depends on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. At the end of the course of therapy, it is necessary to observe the ophthalmologist for some time, in order to diamitude to diagnose the deterioration of the pathological process.

Prevention

Prevention is fundamental. It consists in the following recommendations:

prevent injury by compliance with security measures. The use of safety glasses has hundreds of times reduced the number of accidents in production;
the use of helmets and masks to protect the face during sports - also significantly reduces the likelihood of eye injury;
caution when watching and shooting fireworks, opening bottles with high pressure and in all situations with high risk Eye damage.

It is important to understand that the prevention of a situation in which damage to such a kind can occur is much simpler than the subsequent elimination of consequences. Therefore, with any actions of increased risk, you need to maximize yourself with the help of special protective agents.

Among the causes of full or partial loss of vision, injuries are most distinguished. At the same time, the eyes have one feature - even insignificant injury on which a person may not pay attention may cause a sharp impairment of vision. That is why it is important to deliver the victim to the doctor as quickly as possible, having previously provided first aid for injury. About how to do it more correctly, read the article.

Types of injury

In ophthalmology, all eye injuries are grouping according to a different principle.

At the depth of the defeat:

on penetrating;
and impermeal.

By appearance:

on agricultural,
military,
criminal, etc.

There is another classification that we consider below - according to the mechanism of occurrence :

burns - arise under the influence of chemical or thermal factors;
frostbite - from low temperatures;
the contusion of the society - occurs when they hit, most often they do not require hospitalization;
foreign bodies (corneal injuries) - sand, glass beds, sparks of metal and other particles;
penetrating eye injuries - the presence of a through wound channel in the eye may be accompanied by a vitreous body.

Some injuries are treated in outpatient conditions, others - only in the hospital department.

Provision of first prefigure

Regardless of the severity of injury, you need to contact the doctor, even if the situation seems ordinary. When hit, visual acuity can suddenly decrease, simultaneously disorientation appears in the setting, headache, dizziness. So manifests the retinal detachment of the eye, which is not treated at home. Consider what is the procedure for assisting the victim during the injury of the eyes prior to the arrival of the ambulance brigade.

Read in a separate article:

Eye burns

Eye tissue burn can be caused by various chemicals (acids, paints, vinegar, pepper) or thermal factor - influence of flame or high temperatures. In the latter case, it is forbidden to discover the affected eyelids - such an action will provoke another attack of pain and aggravate injury.

First aid algorithm for thermal eye burns Next:

cover the damaged eye with a sterile bandage or, in extreme cases, pure piece of fabric;
give analgesic drug - Analgin, Ketanov, Naz;
call an ambulance.

If the burn is caused by lime, which happens during spinning works, the eye should be examined, remove the existing lime pieces, drip a 3% glycerol solution.

If this means is not - the eye needs to be rinsed with water according to the following method:

tilt the head of the victim to the eye to be directed down;
carefully raise the top eyelid;
send a thin stream of water towards the outer corner of the eye.

In this way, it is possible to make a premium and when an acid, vinegar and other chemicals come into the eye. Milk washing against peppers, and against watercolor paints, which often fall into the eyes of children - tea brew. As in the case of thermal burn, after primary care, the eye is covered with clean cloth and tied up. After that, you must take the victim to the nearest trauma department. When burning ferry or boiling water, it is impossible to wash your eyes.

With any chemical burns It is impossible to wash the damaged eye with the neutralizers (for acid it is alkali). The reaction that will occur in this case may aggravate the injury.

Additional material:

Snowy blindness

This injury is rare and is one of the varieties of burns. The reasons may be shine of snow, welding works and other similar factors. Snowy blindness is characterized by pain, rearing, the presence of outbreaks ("bunnies") with closed eyes. In particularly severe cases, short-term imprisonment is possible.

The first aid procedure is as follows:

take a person to a dark place;
attach a cold compress to the eyes;
call an ambulance brigade.

Pain with snowy blindness can be eliminated by drops with an anesthetic effect, but they slow down the restoration of the damaged cornea and can cause loss of vision. Therefore, therapeutic activities better entrust the doctor.

Eye injury

Wash the wounded eye is impossible. The simplest thing you can do is to lay the injured on the back, cover both eyes with a clean handkerchief or other cloth and fix the bandage.

In the occurrence of penetrating injury, you can put the fax drops into the eye. They contain an antibiotic and prevent possible infection. After such treatment, a clean bandage is superimposed on the eye, then the victim is taken to the nearest branch of traumatology. If the ambulance brigade for some reason cannot arrive at the scene - the traumatic need to carry in the middleside position.

Foreign bodies

Even if the body fell on the conjunctival of the eye - the sensations are not pleasant. Injury causes tearing, blinking causes pain, irritability appears. A few hours later, an inflammatory process begins at the federated body penetration site, the victims may complain about reducing the sharpness of the action.

Eyewitnesses, striving to help, often make a gross mistake - try to pull out an outsider body. At the same time, the wound becomes more dangerous and can cause loss of vision. The only measure prefigure In this case, the imposition of pure bandage and hospitalization.

If the foreign body (insect, wood chips or sand) fell on the top layer of the eye (conjunctival) - it can be tried to delete it, without waiting for the doctor's arrival.

If it fell under the upper eyelid, you need to act in the following sequence:

fingers of one hand pull the top eyelid behind the eyelashes down;
press the second hand to the eyelids;
gently, with the help of a handkerchief or gauze, extract a foreign object.

In the case of injury to the lower eyelid - you can pull it down on the eye under the eye under the eye and remove the garbage into the eye.

In cases where the confusion does not work, in order to avoid mechanical injury, further attempts should be stopped. The victim must be imposed on the eyes of a bandage and take to the doctor. It is forbidden to independently extract the metal chips, as well as any extraneous body that has fallen into the region of the iris or in the eyeball.

Easy light contusion

Contusion of easy severity is usually treated at home and does not require hospitalization. However, the first help you have to have the victim.

Do this in the following way:

the injured side of the face is applied cold compress (you can use ice);
install any disinfecting eye composition, for example, albucid;
give any pain relief drug.

After that, the victim should be sent to the trauma, or wait for the SMP brigade. Even if the injury is familiar - you do not need to risk your eyesight.

Dull injury eye

It occurs when you hit any object (stick, horn of an animal, a car, tool, tool) to the eye depression area, characterized by redness of the conjunctiva and eyelids, developed edema. Often, the stupid injury arises in children and adolescents as a result of a fight, games, sports.

Promotional assistance is provided according to the following algorithm:

attach the ice or cold compress to the patient;
in case of inflammation, rinse with conjunctiva with a solution of furaticiline;
drink albuchis or apply a 10.25% levomycetin ox.

In the event of inflammation or the presence of hemorrhage in the eyes - you need to immediately contact the doctor. If there is no such possibility - heparin ointment can be applied.

First aid for eye injury in children

Prevention injury

Most often injury to the eye happens at work or in everyday life. As a rule, the safety technique is not complied with.

Therefore, to avoid trouble, you need to comply with a number of rules:

Try to avoid dusting - dust annoys the conjunctiva and increases the degree of injury.
Watch to be sufficient lighting in the work area.
Improved to know the device and the principle of operation of machine tools, electrical instruments and other equipment capable of carrying out mechanical injury, monitor its health and presence of protective housings.
In enterprises it is necessary to comply with established norms of labor protection and TB.
With a potential threat to hitting a foreign body in the eyes to use protective glasses or plexiglas or transparent plastics.

Importance of hygiene rules is important. As medical practice shows, the most frequent source of infection of the damaged eye is dirty hands, which injured or eyewitnesses tried to remove a foreign body or impose a bandage.

Special attention should be paid to children. Parents should know that the peak of children's injuries falls on the spring-summer period. It is important to explain to the child safety measures using home, to clean sharp and cutting items, follow the inaccessibility of chemicals.

(Infographics B. good quality on the stands, available on the button "Download" )

Sources:

Eye diseases: the basics of ophthalmology. Textbook edited by V.G. Kopayev, 2012.
Tutorial D.V. Marchenko. First medical care for injuries and accidents, 2009.

One of the common eye injuries is the damage of the eyelid, protecting the eyeball from any manifestations external environment And does not give the eye to stop. Performing the same functions, the upper eyelid differs from the lower dimensions of the tarzal plate, as well as the fixation of the position that the muscle-levator provides. The underground plate is much smaller, and it is held due to retractors. In case of damage to the age of the primary task of the doctor, not only the collection of accurate information and the analysis of the state of the organs of the eye, but also an assessment of the effects of injury.

Depending on the cause of injury, its gravity and possible consequencesThe injuries of the eyelid are divided into several types:

1. Contusion. Damage resulting from a blow to a blunt subject. Accompanied by swelling of soft tissues. In the form of consequences, injury appears under the eye in the form of a bruise or hematoma, pain appear not only when moving by the eye, but also at rest. In severe injuries of this kind, there is often a breaking of conjunctiva, as well as damage to the poorer apple itself. There may be inevitable injuries of the tear paths, their displacement and gap of the tear canals. In the first minutes, after obtaining such a wound, it is recommended to apply coldness to the affected area, and in a medical institution may introduce an anesthetic, if a similar procedure is necessary.

2. Erosion. Damage to the tissue cover in the form of scratches or abrasion. Accompanied by the bleeding of the damaged area, painful sensations and does not always require special medical care. Enough to treat the wound antibacterial agents And attach a cold to her.

3. Wounds. Among them are rotten, torn and cutting, depending on the nature of the injury and the conditions of its application. Such damage is divided into surface and end-to-end tissue raised. Most often they are applied with sharp objects, as a result of which the tissue rupture occurs.

With surface injuries, only the skin of the face and the muscular layer are hungry. With end-to-end, the entire body of the century is affected, as well as cartilage. Because of the possibilities of the eyelid, the eyes and swelling of the fabrics become the first manifestations of the epithelial covers around the eyes. In addition, the injury of the century can be combined with the injury of the very eye, the writs and parts of the person located directly next to them.

In the case of injuries, the occasion is often found; Although full-fledged breaking occurs quite rarely, experts point out the occasions when the eyelid is broken from the outer or inner angle of the eye slit. Also damage upper century Lumator injuries are possible - muscles responsible for fixing, inner and outer adhesions. If the inner angle of the eye slit is touched on with the wound, damage to the lacrimal channels. In such cases, tears are manifested and the outflow of the tear fluid is disturbed.

Diagnostics

First aid and treatment of the eyelids

Having injured the eyelid eyes, you should immediately apply for medical helpIn order to prevent bacteria and viruses into the wound, which will be able to worsen the situation. The result of neglecting the first help in such situations becomes unpleasant problems, from which it is difficult to get rid of. So, when infection open wound When healing, there is often a scar, turning the eyelid. Its edge turns outward, and the eyelid cannot function correctly, protecting the eyes. If the injury is applied by the muscle, it is possible to complicate in the form of ptosis of the century, which can be corrected only by surgical intervention. In case of damage to the lacrimal canal, as a result of injury, inflammation of the tear glands may appear. In severe cases, when the patient is absolutely not taken care of his health and avoids the necessary procedures, the deformation of the eyelid eyelids can occur.

The injury of the eyelid eyes can have quite serious consequences if in the first minutes after it is received not to apply for the first medical help. In the case of bruising or erosion, it is enough to attach cold and treat the wound with an antiseptic. If damage is more serious, it is worth consulting a doctor. The ophthalmologist must carry out a full test of tissues and rinse the wound with certain means. Then, depending on the degree of severity, the course of treatment will be appointed.

The most severely considered ribbon injuries of the eyelids, and in such cases inevitably surgical intervention. If you got a shallow horizontal injury, the operation will not always be necessary. But if the wound is vertical, and the damage is obvious - it will be necessary to cross the tissues. In the process of operation, the specialist should be extremely attentive and compared the edges of the damaged epithelium in such a way that its actions have not led to the deformation of the eyelids. For sewing, materials are used, which will dissolve during the healing of the eyelid eyes.

The specifics of the century lies in good blood supply, thanks to which the tissue is quickly healing, and even with strong injury, it is possible to complete healing and restoration of damaged tissue.

After receiving damage to the eyelids, attach the cold to him and, if the wound is not serious, treat it with antibacterial agents. If the character of injury is heavier, you should seek help in medical institution. Do not neglect the directions of the doctor, because the quality and speed of healing the damaged organ depends on them.

This group of the most common damage includes imperimental wounds, erosion and foreign bodies on the surface of the eyeball. With timely treatment, in most cases, the outcome is favorable.

The main signs of surface injuries are similar, but expressed to varying degrees:

Scratching, cutting pain in the eye
Feeling of saming under the age
Redness Eyes.
Tear
Photophobia
Reducing vision (when casting damage in the center of the cornea)
Sweet of Century

Surface damage to the cornea

Erosion and impermeal corneal wounds. Self frequent reasons The erosions of the cornea is a trauma with a finger, handkerchief, a nail, as well as the long wearing of contact lenses. The reasons for impermeal wounds of cornea are injured by a branch, spike, any sharp object.

Fluorescence stains the area of \u200b\u200bthe epithelium defect, and also eliminates the penetrating injury.

When examining, the doctor often bursts the fluorescein solution to estimate the size and depth of damage (fluorescence stains the area of \u200b\u200bthe epithelium defect, and also allows you to eliminate the penetrating wound in doubtful cases).

Treatment is to instill anti-inflammatory and healing drops and ointments. Sometimes to reduce inflammation prescribed preparations that expand the pupil. With a favorable course, recovery occurs within 5-7 days.

Non-thorn bodies of cornea

Sometimes the foreign body is embedded in the cornea and stuck in its surface layers. It is most often happening when working with a grinder.

It is necessary to remove the foreign body, but this can be done only after local anesthesia and under a special microscope (slit lamp). After removal, treatment is prescribed (antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drops and ointments; sometimes - drops that expand the pupil). The earlier the foreign body is removed, the less inflammation and better the forecast.

IMPORTANT! In no case do not wear contact lenses until the horn

Anesthetic drugs inhibit the healing of the cornea and have a toxic effect on the fabric.

IMPORTANT! Installing painkillers removes pain, but significantly reduces the healing speed, and a long-term injection has a toxic effect. Therefore, to bury painkillers during surface damage to the cornea should not.

Wounds conjunctiva

It can be both impermeal and end-to-end (i.e. to sclera). In the first case, treatment consists in instilcing anti-inflammatory and healing drops and ointments. In the second, as a rule, surgical intervention is required, during which the doctor not only compares and delays the wound, but also examines the sclera (width of the damaged conjunctiva). It is also necessary to introduce anti-trummy serum or anatoxin. Seams with conjunctiva take off for 7-10 days.

Foreign bodies conjunctiva

Can be fixed in conjunctiva located under it or freely moving along the surface of the eyeball. Fixed in conjunctiva and located under the conjunctive foreign bodies are removed after local anesthesia under a special microscope. Freely moving foreign bodies are washed with water or antibacterial solutions.

Subconjunctive hemorrhage in the inner corner of the eye

Arise as a result of damage to the vessels of the conjunctiva and sclera. It is dangerous only by the fact that a sclerable damage can be damaged, so it requires examination of a doctor. Pass independently (like any bruise) within 10-14 days.

IMPORTANT! If the injuries of the eyeball was not, then the outpouring of blood under the conjunctival can occur when increasing the total arterial pressure And speaks of the weakness of the walls of the vessels.